A Crosslinked HA-Based Hydrogel Ameliorates Dry Eye Symptoms in Dogs

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, commonly referred to as dry eye or KCS, can affect both humans and dogs. The standard of care in treating KCS typically includes daily administration of eye drops to either stimulate tear production or to hydrate and lubricate the corneal surface. Lubricating eye drops are often applied four to six times daily for the life of the patient. In order to reduce this dosing regimen yet still provides sufficient hydration and lubrication, we have developed a crosslinked hydrogel based on a modified, thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA), xCMHA-S. This xCMHA-S gel was found to have different viscosity and rheologic behavior than solutions of noncrosslinked HA. The gel was also able to increase tear breakup time in rabbits, indicating a stabilization of the tear film. Further, in a preliminary clinical study of dogs with KCS, the gel significantly reduced the symptoms associated with KCS within two weeks while only being applied twice daily. The reduction of symptoms combined with the low dosing regimen indicates that this gel may lead to both improved patient health and owner compliance in applying the treatment.

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Assessment of the Efficiency of HP-Guar and hyaluronic Acid Tear Supplements to Control Tear Film Evaporation Rate in Dry Eye Subjects

The Open Ophthalmology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874364102115010299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 299-304

Author(s):

Ali Abusharha ◽

Abdulrhman A. Shbear ◽

Raied Fagehi ◽

Mana A. Alanazi ◽

Ali Alsaqr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Evaporation Rate ◽

Common Factor ◽

Tear Film ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Film Evaporation ◽

The Mean ◽

Tear Meniscus Height ◽

Breakup Time

Background: The most common factor that could lead to dryness is the accelerated tear evaporation rate. Controlling the tear evaporation rate is increasingly used as a method to control dry eye complications. The present study explores the effects of different tear supplements formulations on tear film evaporation rate. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of Systane ULTRA and Artelac Advanced eye drops on the tear film evaporation rate. Methods: Fifteen male dry eye subjects were enrolled in the current study. Tear film parameters were observed at several time points post installation (10, 20, 30, and 60 min). The tear film parameters observed in the current study were tear evaporation rate, noninvasive breakup time (NITBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH). Two visits were required to conduct this study. One visit was conducted to assess the physiological tear film parameters with the use of Systane® ULTRA eye drop. The other visit was conducted to assess tear film parameters with the use of Artelac Advanced eye drop. Results: The mean tear evaporation rate at baseline was 52.58 ± 23.24 g/m2 h. A box plot of tear evaporation showed a reduction in tear film evaporation rate after instillation of Systane eye drop. A drop in tear film evaporation rate of 14% was observed at 20 and 60 min time point after instillation of Systane ULTRA eye drop. A significant increase in NITBUT was found after instillation of Systane ULTRA (P = 0.01) and Artelac Advanced (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The current study indicates a significant improvement in the tear film parameters using both HP-Guar and hyaluronic acid formulations. However, it was apparent that the use of HP-Guar was superior to hyaluronic acid in controlling the tear evaporation rate in dry eye subjects.

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Observation of tear film break-up time in patients with evaporative dry eye symptoms using EvoTears® eye drops compared to eye drops containing lipids

http://isrctn.com/ ◽

10.1186/isrctn15512057 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dorothea Gross

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Evaporative Dry Eye ◽

Break Up ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

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A comparison of the occurence of dry eye between arthritic and non-arthritic subjects

African Vision and Eye Health ◽

10.4102/aveh.v72i1.44 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

Author(s):

E. Oghre ◽

O. M. Amiebenomo

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

T Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Time Test ◽

Break Up ◽

Age Range ◽

Breakup Time

Various studies have reported that dry eye is a common occurrence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis but not much has been done to determine its occurrence in other forms of arthritis. Thisstudy was designed to compare the symptoms of dry eye, tear film breakup time and tear production respectively in arthritic and non-arthritic subjects and also between rheumatoid arthritic patients and patients with other forms of arthritis. A total of 106 subjects within the age range of 41-90 years were included. Fifty-nine were non-arthritic with mean age and standard deviation (SD) of 58.2 ± 11.9 years, while 47 had arthritis with mean age and SD of 63.4 ± 13.3 years. Of the 47 arthritic patients 34 had osteoarthritis, 10 had rheumatoid arthritis, two had ankylosing spondylitis and one had gout. Subjects were evaluated using a McMonnies and Ho Dry Eye Questionnaire, invasive tear break-up-time test, Schirmer I test and fluorescein staining. The percentage of subjects with dry eyesymptoms in both the arthritic and non-arthritic groups was quite small (<10%) however, there was a statistically significant difference in dry eye symptoms between both groups (Mann-Whitney: U = 1035.5, p = 0.025) even though both groups were largely asymptomatic. There was no significant difference in tear breakup time (Mann-Whitney: U = 175, p > 0.05), or tear quantity respectively (Unpaired t-test: p > 0.05) between both groups. Also, there was no statistically significant difference in symptoms of dry eye, tear break up time, or tear quantity respectively between rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of arthritis (Unpaired t-test: p > 0.05). In conclusion, the occurrence of dry eye is largely independent of the presence of arthritis even though arthritic subjects may be slightly more symptomatic and the presence of dry eye is independent of the form of arthritis. (S Afr Optom 2013 72(1) 34-40)

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The Effect of Two Novel Lubricant Eye Drops on Tear Film Lipid Layer Thickness in Subjects With Dry Eye Symptoms

Optometry and Vision Science ◽

10.1097/01.opx.0000171818.01353.8c ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 82 (7) ◽

pp. 594-601 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

DONALD R. KORB ◽

ROBERT C. SCAFFIDI ◽

JACK V. GREINER ◽

KENNETH R. KENYON ◽

JOHN P. HERMAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Layer Thickness ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Lipid Layer ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

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«Dry eye» syndrome and primary glaucoma: possibilities of treatment

Reflection ◽

10.25276/2686-6986-2020-1-42-44 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 42-44

Author(s):

L.I. Solovyova ◽

◽

T.V. Gavrilova ◽

F.G. Mugumova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Rupture Time ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Film Rupture ◽

Good Tolerability ◽

Primary Glaucoma ◽

The Stability

The article presents the results of Ocuhyl C using in the treatment of «dry eye syndrome» (DES) in 47 eyes of 26 patients with different stages of compensated primary open-angle glaucoma. Experience of instillation of hypotensive eye drops with preservatives was from 1 year to 35 years. Assessment of subjective signs of DES was performed by questioning. Functional tests were performed (for the stability of the precorneal tear film –Norn test, for the level of total tear production –Shirmer test). Examinations were carried out at the first examination before prescribing the drug, then after 4 and 8 weeks of its use. All the patients noted good tolerability of the drug, no side effects. Indicators characterizing the feeling of a foreign body, dryness and redness of the eyes have significantly decreased. Precorneal tear film rupture time has significantly increased. Ocuhyl C can be recommended for clinical use. Key words: primary glaucoma; “dry eye” syndrome; tear forming; tear film rupture time; Ocuhyl C.

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Cationic Thiolated Poly(aspartamide) Polymer as a Potential Excipient for Artificial Tear Formulations

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2016/2647264 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mária Budai-Szűcs ◽

Gabriella Horvát ◽

Barnabás Áron Szilágyi ◽

Benjámin Gyarmati ◽

András Szilágyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Thiol Groups ◽

Physiological Properties ◽

Disulphide Bond Formation ◽

Polymer Bearing

Dry eye disease is a relatively common ocular problem, which causes eye discomfort and visual disorders leading to a decrease in the quality of life. The aim of this study was to find a possible excipient for eye drop formulations, which is able to stabilize the tear film. A cationic thiolated polyaspartamide polymer, poly[(N-mercaptoethylaspartamide)-co-(N-(N′,N′-dimethylaminoethyl)aspartamide)] (ThioPASP-DME), was used as a potential vehicle. Besides satisfying the basic requirements, the chemical structure of ThioPASP-DME is similar to those of ocular mucins as it is a protein-like polymer bearing a considerable number of thiol groups. The solution of the polymer is therefore able to mimic the physiological properties of the mucins and it can interact with the mucus layer via disulphide bond formation. The resultant mucoadhesion provides a prolonged residence time and ensures protective effect for the corneal/conjunctival epithelium. ThioPASP-DME also has an antioxidant effect due to the presence of the thiol groups. The applicability of ThioPASP-DME as a potential excipient in eye drops was determined by means of ocular compatibility tests and through examinations of the interactions with the mucosal surface. The results indicate that ThioPASP-DME can serve as a potential eye drop excipient for the therapy of dry eye disease.

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Comparable effects on tear film parameters after femtosecond laser-assisted and conventional cataract surgery

International Ophthalmology ◽

10.1007/s10792-020-01532-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (11) ◽

pp. 3097-3104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marc Schargus ◽

Svetlana Ivanova ◽

Gesa Stute ◽

H. Burkhard Dick ◽

Stephanie C. Joachim

Keyword(s):

Femtosecond Laser ◽

Cataract Surgery ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Tear Film ◽

Schirmer Test ◽

Fluorescein Staining ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

Abstract Purpose Dry eye symptoms after conventional cataract surgery are a very common problem. Until now, only few data are available on objective tear film parameters in regard to femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (LCS). Aim of this study was therefore to analyze and compare tear film parameter changes between LCS and conventional cataract surgery. Methods A consecutive group of 34 patients, scheduled for cataract surgery, were randomly selected for either LCS or conventional cataract surgery (17 patients/group). Tear film assessments including tear film osmolarity, Schirmer test, MMP-9 analysis via quantitative ELISA, corneal sensitivity, corneal fluorescein staining, and conjunctival fluorescein staining were sequentially evaluated pre- as well as 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Results Both groups showed no significant difference in baseline characteristics. All surgeries were performed without any complications. After 1 and 3 months, there was no statistically significant difference in regard to tear film osmolarity (1 month: p = 0.81, 3 months: p = 1.0), Schirmer test (1 month: p = 0.35, 3 month: p = 0.08), and MMP-9 concentration (1 month: p = 0.36, 3 month: p = 0.28) between the two groups. Conclusions Neither LCS nor conventional cataract surgery affected objective tear film parameters significantly during our 3-month postoperative observation period. Hence, both surgical techniques can be equally used to treat patients without prior dry eye symptoms.

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Photophobia and sensations of dryness in patients with migraine occur independent of baseline tear volume and improve following botulinum toxin A injections

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312649 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 (8) ◽

pp. 1024-1029 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ryan J Diel ◽

Jodi Hwang ◽

Zachary A Kroeger ◽

Roy C Levitt ◽

Constantine D Sarantopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Chronic Migraine ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Botulinum Toxin A ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Tear Film ◽

Phenol Red ◽

Toxin A ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

BackgroundTo evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) in reducing photophobia and dry eye symptoms in individuals with chronic migraine. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate tear film volume as a potential contributor to symptoms in these patients.MethodsRetrospective review of 76 patients who received BoNT-A for chronic migraine between 23 August 2017 and 13 December 2017 at the Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center Neurotoxin Clinic. Demographic data and all comorbidities were queried via chart review. Standardised validated surveys were administered to assess symptoms prior to and after BoNT-A injection. Preinjection tear volumes were obtained using the phenol red thread (PRT) test.ResultsPreinjection migraine, photophobia and dry eye symptom scores were all significantly correlated, p<0.05, and none were associated with preinjection PRT results. After BoNT-A, improvements in migraine, photophobia and dry eye symptoms were also significantly correlated, p<0.05 and similarly did not associate with preinjection PRT results. Photophobia scores significantly improved following BoNT-A, while dry eye symptoms significantly improved in those with severe symptoms at baseline (DEQ-5 score ≥12), p=0.027. In logistic regression analysis of all individuals with dry eye symptoms (DEQ-5 ≥6), individuals with more severe dry eye symptoms were more likely improve, OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.51, p<0.01.ConclusionsBoNT-A significantly improved photophobia in patients being treated for migraine and also improved dry eye symptoms in patients with severe symptoms at baseline, independent of baseline tear film volume. These improvements may be due to modulation of shared trigeminal neural pathways.

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CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SCOPOLAMINE HYDROBROMIDE INDUCED DRY EYE SYNDROME IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

Taiwan Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1142/s1682648520500134 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Sze-Min Chan ◽

Hui-Wen Chang ◽

Pei-Shiue Tsai ◽

Chian-Ren Jeng ◽

Hao Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Corneal Surface ◽

Fluorescein Staining ◽

Scopolamine Hydrobromide ◽

Volume Assessment

Dry eye syndrome (DES), is one of the most common and irritating ocular diseases in humans and animals due to deficits in quantities or/and quality of tear film. In this study, a rat model of experimental DES has been developed using the cholinergic inhibitor, scopolamine hydrobromide (SCOP), at the dose of 25[Formula: see text]mg/rat/day via subcutaneous injection, for a consecutive 21 days without low humidity environment. Clinical ophthalmic evaluations were performed by tear volume assessment using endodontic paper point, slit-lamp biomicroscope, and fluorescein staining at day 0, 7, 14, and 21 post-inductions. The results of ophthalmic examination showed that rats with SCOP treatment reduced about 40% of tear secretion. Half of the SCOP-treated rats exhibited diffuse corneal fluorescein staining involving 80% of the corneal surface, minimal keratoconjunctivitis, roughened corneal surface and thin corneal epithelium under histopathological examination. About 30% of the rats showed variable infiltration of lymphocytes in between the tubular acinar glands. This animal model with significant reduction of tear production and diffuse corneal fluorescein staining in rats could be used for the preclinical assessment of therapeutic interventions.

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