scholarly journals Evaluating Helmet Use Among Motorcycle Drivers in Lebanon

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
Ziad Akl ◽  
Mona Akl ◽  
Charli Eriksson ◽  
Mervyn Gifford ◽  
Dalal Koustuv
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Sustainable Implementation ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Motorcycle Injuries ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of the use of helmet by motorcyclists on motorcycle injuries is enormous. The primary focus of this study was to asses the helmet use among motorcycle riders as well as the helmet quality. Methods: Both quantitative and qualitative studies had been done. Nine observational studies have been done over nine different years between 1997 and 2017 in the same spots. In addition to one qualitative study done in May 2017. Results: The results of the observational studies show a clear fluctuation in the use of helmets (6 - 42%). Whenever there is law enforcement, the percentage of users increases. Upon cessation of enforcement, the percentage of helmet use reduces. About 64% of the helmets inspected did not appear to have a certification, which indicates that the helmet did not meet international standards. Those who had spent less than US$15 on buying their helmets were found wearing a non-certified helmet. Conclusion: Lebanon has failed to pursue a successful and sustainable implementation of the enforcement of helmet use. Although strict enforcement measures are vital, it is almost as important to ban the import of poor quality helmets to the Lebanese market and to make sure that taxation is lower on helmets to enable consumers to buy good quality helmets at a lower price.

scholarly journals Vibration Analysis and Empirical Law Definition for Different Equipment in a Civil Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Rodríguez ◽  
Marc Bascompta
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Maintenance

The potential affection of any construction, and especially historical sites, is of great concern for their long-term maintenance and stability. This study has determined the vibration behavior in poor-quality rock mass conditions generated by some of the most typical equipment used in construction: excavator, ripper, ripper vibrator, hydraulic hammer, bulldozer and vibrating roller. Several empirical expressions are proposed to know the maximum velocity at different distances for each type of equipment, taking into account the intensity of the vibration generated and its pattern. A general equation has also been defined to determine the vibration propagation along the distance at a construction site, based on the impact generated by all the possible vibration elements, exogenous and endogenous, including machinery working individually or in any possible combination and number. On the other hand, the maximum allowable velocity in the case study is also discussed and compared to international standards, stating some recommendations. It would be very important to have a clear legislation in this regard due to the high density of sensitive constructions in Spain and the economic implications of applying too high or too low standard values.

scholarly journals The Impact of Corporate Liability on Corruption in Latin America

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 320-325
Author(s):  
Guillermo Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Latin American ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Corporate Liability ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The U.S

Most Latin American countries are in the process of implementing international anticorruption standards, including standards for combating corporate corruption. Primarily based on the U.S. experience with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), these international standards for combating corporate corruption are coalescing into a standardized paradigm, which requires states to establish corporate liability regimes that incentivize companies to prevent, self-police, and cooperate with law enforcement authorities in exchange for more lenient sanctions.

scholarly journals The influence of the Recommendations of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment for implementing amendments to the Ukrainian criminal executive legislation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Kateryna Hridina ◽  
Darya Lavrenko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
The State ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
European Committee ◽  
Degrading Treatment ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the activities of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment to protect the rights of persons deprived of their liberty. An analysis of the Committee's reports on the results of visits to Ukraine was made. Standards for the prevention of torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, as well as their reflection in national criminal law enforcement and enforcement, have been identified. Thus, the role of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment in the protection of the rights of persons deprived of their liberty and the impact of its recommendations on amendments to the criminal executive legislation of Ukraine have been identified. The Committee's activities are aimed at strengthening the protection of persons deprived of their liberty against torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Based on the principle of cooperation and obligations under the Convention, the state is gradually introducing changes to national legislation in order to bring them into line with international standards. In general, there are positive changes and improvements in the conditions of detention of convicts.

Requirements for paying attention and effectiveness to foreign criminal laws and sentences in the national territory: Developments, obstacles and solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1225-1230
Author(s):  
M. B. Ghazani
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Criminal Jurisdiction ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
The Impact

The comprehensive application of the principle of sovereignty of territories in the territory by the instrument of criminal jurisdiction, despite the justifications for it, has changed, so that the effectiveness of foreign laws and rulings in recent years in the light of human rights concepts and fair trial standards have been adjusted. Many countries have relinquished their sovereignty by anticipating examples of foreign law enforcement and have preferred the interests of the accused. The impact of our country's criminal law on this process has gone through various stages, from absolute silence to It has a logical effectiveness and absolute denial and finally a slow move towards international standards in its record. The conditions of the appointed judge, the rule of denying the mustache and some unreasonable precautions of the legislator in this regard can be seen as an obstacle to the evolution of our country's criminal law to expand the spatial context. Keyword: Foreign Judgments, Effectiveness, Foreign Criminal Law

The Impact of Missing and Error-Prone Auxiliary Information on Sparse-Matrix Sub-Population Parameter Estimates

Methodology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Rutkowski ◽  
Yan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sparse Matrix ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Auxiliary Information ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Population Parameter ◽  
Conditioning Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Given a consistent interest in comparing achievement across sub-populations in international assessments such as TIMSS, PIRLS, and PISA, it is critical that sub-population achievement is estimated reliably and with sufficient precision. As such, we systematically examine the limitations to current estimation methods used by these programs. Using a simulation study along with empirical results from the 2007 cycle of TIMSS, we show that a combination of missing and misclassified data in the conditioning model induces biases in sub-population achievement estimates, the magnitude and degree to which can be readily explained by data quality. Importantly, estimated biases in sub-population achievement are limited to the conditioning variable with poor-quality data while other sub-population achievement estimates are unaffected. Findings are generally in line with theory on missing and error-prone covariates. The current research adds to a small body of literature that has noted some of the limitations to sub-population estimation.

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL UNDERSTANDING OF ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY OF UKRAINE: THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION ASPECT

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
A. A. Prykhodko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
European Integration ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Third World Country ◽  
Broad Interpretation ◽  
Enforcement Activity ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the anti-corruption policy of Ukraine in the context of European integration. Considered that corruption has long been perceived in the EU as a negative phenomenon requiring systematic, strategic and concerted action of a transboundary and transnational character and, in general, a threat to the rule of law. The author concluded that Ukraine will continue to be perceived by a third world country as long as anti-corruption measures are duplicated from one strategic document to another. The anti-corruption strategy of Ukraine should be an early, strategic and systematic tool for the eradication of corruption and the formation of public justice in the context of zero tolerance for such phenomena. Now this is a set of normatively fixed declarative slogans that are consistent with international standards, but are not achievable in practical terms due to the lack of state strategic planning in advance. The new anti-corruption strategy must necessarily include a broad interpretation of all the concepts used in it, including the term “anti-corruption policy”. Taking into account the recommendations of the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly, the author’s vision of the term “anti-corruption policy” has been formed, as a set of principles, tasks, goals and principles of implementation of law-making and law-enforcement activity of public administration within the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms a state implemented by a system of methods, means and measures to combat corruption in priority areas and in accordance with anti-corruption standards and on the basis of transnational national and cross-border cooperation.

IFRS IMPLEMENTATION AS ONE OF THE FACTORS FOR IMPROVING THE INVESTMENT CLIMATE IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Sova ◽  
◽  
Natalia Yatsenko ◽  
Denys Zagirniak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of the introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on changes in the investment climate in Ukraine. The relevance of the topic is that improving the practice of applying IFRS as a tool for exchanging financial information is one of the key conditions for improving the investment climate in Ukraine. The authors have created the generalized scheme that illustrates the chronological list of enterprises that are required by law to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS. It was noted that in 2018, in accordance with Part 2 of Article 12 of the law on accounting and financial reporting in Ukraine and resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 547 from 11.07.2018, the criteria of enterprises that are required to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS were updated. This step significantly increased the level of application of international standards due to the adoption of such a decision at the legislative level. The dynamics of the number of IFRS enterprises in Ukraine was analyzed. The analysis showed that over the past three years, the number of almost all enterprises that must apply international standards has been growing. The advantages of using IFRS for different users of financial statements were determined. It was determined that the priority users of IFRS financial statements are investors. At the same time, it was noted that the main advantage for other users of financial statements prepared in accordance with international standards is the improvement of the investment climate. The dynamics of the Investment Attractiveness Index of Ukraine based on the Likert scale in the period from 2016 to 2020 was analyzed. The direct investment receipts to Ukraine from the European Union countries were studied. The dynamics of direct investment in the Ukrainian economy was analyzed for two types of economic activities that should form financial statements in accordance with IFRS, namely, the extractive industry and quarrying, as well as financial and insurance activities.

Alteraciones sistémicas y metabólicas producidas por lesión medular

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Gabriel Guízar Sahagún
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Impact

Besides the well-known loss of motor and sensory capabilities, people with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience a broad range of systemic and metabolic abnormalities including, among others, dysfunction of cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, and endocrine systems. These alterations are a significant challenge for patients with SCI because such disorders severely interfere with their daily living and can be potentially life-threatening. Most of these disorders are associated with impairment of regulation of the autonomic nervous system, arising from disruption of connections between higher brain centers and the spinal cord caudal to the injured zone. Thus, the higher and more complete the lesion, the greater the autonomic dysfunction and the severity of complications.This article summarizes the medical scientific literature on key systemic and metabolic alterations derived of SCI. It provides information primarily focused on the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of these disorders, as well as some guides to prevent and alleviate such complications. Due to the impact of these alterations, this topic must be a priority and diffuse to those involved with the care of people with SCI, including the patient himself/herself. We consider that any collaborative effort should be supported, like the development of international standards, to evaluate autonomic function after SCI, as well as the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

Impact of an Amaranth-Sorghum Grains Product on Nutrient Intake of Children Aged 6-23 Months in Kiandutu Slums, Thika, Kenya

10.37512/700 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Sorghum Flour ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Poor quality complementary foods contribute to undernutrition in children aged 6-23 months. Therefore, there is need to explore foods that will provide adequate nutrients for this age group. This study aimed at determining the impact of a sorghum-amaranth composite flour porridge on nutrient intake of children aged 6-23 months. A randomized controlled trial was conducted at Kiandutu slum, Thika, Kenya. Children in the control group (CG), received a maize-sorghum flour while those in the treatment group (TG) received an amaranth-sorghum flour. The sample size per study group was 73 mother-child pairs. The children in the TG received Kcal 1000 worth of porridge/day while those in the CG received Kcal 266.8/day. Mothers of children in both groups were given nutrition education at baseline, and monthly, for six months. Food intake data was taken at baseline, then monthly for six months. Descriptive statistics were used to describe nutrient intake. Chi square and Mann Whitney U test were was used to compare the baseline characteristics of the two groups and their nutrient intake, respectively. At baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. On a monthly basis, nutrient intake in the TG was significantly higher for a majority of the nutrients than in the CG. The product can contribute to preventing under-nutrition in children aged 6-23 months.

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