scholarly journals An Overview of the Air Pollution Trend in Klang Valley, Malaysia

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Makmom Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Armi Abu Samah ◽  
Tham Yee Jun
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Sustainable Policy ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
The Government

The recent air pollution trend, as well as the factors that contribute to the air quality, were reviewed in the Klang Valley since it has undergone rapid development over the years. The overall quality of air in the Klang Valley was moderate for 66% of the days throughout the year of 2009 while only 5% of the days were classified at the unhealthy level. Shah Alam and Kuala Lumpur were among the cities that recorded the highest number of unhealthy days from 2001-2009. Furthermore, places around the Klang Valley suffered from quite severe acidified rain, which indicates that heavy air pollution is still occurringin areas around the Lang Valley. Factors like urbanization, industry, motor vehicles and forest fires remain the main contributors to the deterioration of air quality in the Klang Valley. Hence, a more sustainable policy has to be introduced by the government in order to tackle the air pollution issue.

scholarly journals Analysis of Urban Air Pollution and The Effectiveness of Air Pollution Control Policy in Malaysia: Case Study in Klang Valley, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Haslina Mohd Shafie ◽  
Suzani Mohamad ◽  
Nor Lita Fadilah Rameli ◽  
Sahala Benny Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Information System ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
The Government

AbstractAir pollution in Malaysia is largely attributed to motor vehicles and land transportation, industrial activities and open burning. It has a hazardous effect on the public’s health and the environment. This study focuses on the spatial analysis of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) concentrations trend in Klang Valley stations, specifically in Klang, Petaling Jaya, Kajang, Shah Alam and Cheras from 2000 to 2009. The study used the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation technique under the Geographic Information System (GIS). This study found that the distribution pattern of CO spatial concentrations in the Klang Valley is the highest concentration and reached 2.5 ppm, especially in Klang and Petaling Jaya stations in 2002 and 2003. However, the annual concentration of O3 recorded in Klang, Petaling Jaya, Kajang, Shah Alam, and Cheras stations from 2004 to 2009 is between 0.01 to 0.025 ppm. While air quality legislations have been introduced in Malaysia, policies and regulations being established by the government, their enforcement is still weak. Subsequently, air pollution is still a significant issue in Malaysia. Strong cooperation between the government, stakeholders and the local community is important to promote environmental sustainability and improve the community’s well-being. Keywords: Air pollution; Geographic Information System (GIS); Air Quality Policy; Malaysia

scholarly journals Survey of knowledge and attitude of people about air pollution in Tehran, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmadfazeli ◽  
Zohreh Hesami ◽  
Ali Ghanbari ◽  
Mohammad Safari ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Has-sanvand
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Government

Introduction: The importance of air quality and paying attention to what we breathe have been valuable always. So that air pollution is one of the key environmental issues in urban communities. Several studies show that the potential effects of air pollution on human health include increased mortality and changes in cardiovascular and respiratory functions.   Materials and methods: The population of this study was people in 22 dis-tricts of Tehran megacity. The questionnaires were placed at the municipality centers of 22 districts and randomly completed by people who came to the center. Questions included the importance of air pollution, the comparison of air quality with last year, the main sources of air pollution, the problems created by air pollution, the quality of informing system, as well as questions about their satisfaction about government’s actions on air pollution control plans. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24.   Results: 84.14 % of the participants stated that air pollution is important to them and has a negative influence on their lives. Also, most of them were not satisfied with the measures taken and expected that actions would be better to reduce air pollution. 91.10 % of the participants considered cars as the main causes of air pollution. Also, 68.22 % of people believed that air pollution had a significant negative impact on their quality of life.   Conclusion: Most people are willing to live at a higher cost but a less pol-luted environment, while more of them are not well aware of their role in reducing air pollution. Moreover further education should be provided on the role of people in reducing air pollution. Additionally, the government must deal with air pollutants and take serious measures.

COVID-19 Lockdown and the Aerosphere in India: Lessons Learned on How to Reduce Air Pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhasmita Panda ◽  
Priyadatta Satpathy ◽  
Trutpi Das ◽  
Boopathy Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Constant Operation ◽  
The Government

The giant increase in COVID-19 infection across India forced the government to impose strict lockdown in order to curb the pandemic. Although the stringent restrictions crippled India’s economy and poor people’s livelihood, it significantly improved the air quality of most of the polluted cities of India and rejuvenated the atmosphere. Thus, the major objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of lockdown on pollutants prevailing in the atmosphere. A prominent decline in primary pollutants such as Particulate matter (PM), Black carbon (BC), Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Carbon monoxide (CO) is observed across the country. However, lockdown had a trifling impact on Sulphur dioxide (SO2) concentration over some parts of India due to the constant operation of coal-fired thermal plants as a part of essential service. Furthermore, the sudden decline in NOx concentration disturbed the complex atmospheric chemistry and lead to an enhancement of surface ozone (O3) (secondary pollutant) in many cities of India. Thus, lockdown emerged as a unique opportunity for the atmospheric researchers, policymakers as well as stakeholders to collect baseline data of pollutants and their major sources. This will help to set new targets of air quality standards and to develop various mitigation processes to combat air pollution.

scholarly journals How can we improve air pollution? Try increasing trust first

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Bridget Lynn Hoffmann ◽  
Carlos Scartascini ◽  
Fernando G. Cafferata
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Government ◽  
Polluting Firms

Abstract Environmental policies are characterized by salient short-term costs and long-term benefits that are difficult to observe and to attribute to the government's efforts. These characteristics imply that citizens’ support for environmental policies is highly dependent on their trust in the government's capability to implement solutions and commitment to investments in those policies. Using novel survey data from Mexico City, we show that trust in the government is positively correlated with citizens’ willingness to support an additional tax approximately equal to a day's minimum wage to improve air quality and greater preference for government retention of revenues from fees collected from polluting firms. We find similar correlations using the perceived quality of public goods as a measure of government competence. These results provide evidence that mistrust can be an obstacle to better environmental outcomes.

Environmental Aspects of Toll Plazas & Vehicular Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1805-1810
Author(s):  
Aamir Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Vehicular Pollution ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
On The Road

Abstract: The study aims to encapsulate the effects of toll plazas on environment. It is intended to outline various environmental aspects that are of serious concern and should be looked upon necessarily to curtail their long term ill effects on environment and humans. The rapid development in urban India has resulted in a tremendous increase in the number of motor vehicles. Air pollution is a serious environmental health threat to humans. Adverse effects range from nausea, difficulty in breathing and skin irritations, birth defects, immunosuppression and cancer. Air pollution, particularly in the form of particulate matter, is a serious challenge in India, and transportation is a significant factor in the nation’s air quality problems. According to the 2017 Global Burden of Disease, some 1.1 million people in India die prematurely each year from diseases directly related to air pollution, making it the fifth leading cause of death in the country. Transportation sources account for approximately a third of PM pollution in India, and a somewhat higher proportion of nitrogen oxides, another set of compounds harmful to human health. Because its vehicle fleet is small relative to its large population, India has very low per capita transportation emissions. But that fleet is growing rapidly: total vehicle sales (including motorcycles) increased from about 10 million in 2007 to over 21 million in2016, and the total number of vehicles on the road is expected to nearly double to about 200 million by 2030. All these situations indicate that air pollution becoming a major problem in Indian context and there is an essential need to build up healthy environment and increase the level of research around the world. The study is based on the case study results from one of the toll plaza’s (KACHKOOT TOLL PLAZA) in j&k,India .. Keywords: (Air pollution, Vehicular emission, Carcinogenicity ,Air Quality Index, Toll, Diseases)

scholarly journals How Can We Improve Air Pollution?: Try Increasing Trust First

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando G. Cafferata ◽  
Bridget Lynn Hoffmann ◽  
Carlos Scartascini
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Government ◽  
Polluting Firms

Environmental policies are characterized by salient short-term costs and long-term benefits that are difficult to observe and to attribute to the government's efforts. These characteristics imply that citizens' support for environmental policies is highly dependent on their trust in the government's capability to implement solutions and commitment to investments in those policies. Using novel survey data from Mexico City, we show that trust in the government is positively correlated with citizens' willingness to support an additional tax approximately equal to a days minimum wage to improve air quality and greater preference for government retention of revenues from fees collected from polluting firms. We find similar correlations using the perceived quality of public goods as a measure of government competence. These results provide evidence that mistrust can be an obstacle to better environmental outcomes.

scholarly journals A GIS Based Mapping of Ambient Air Quality of Major Sites of Lahore

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
Saif-ur-Rehman Kashif ◽  
Fatima Tariq ◽  
Fariha Arooj
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Mapping Procedure

Ambient air pollution is emerging environmental problem in major cities of Pakistan. Service sector growth is 8% and there is a rapid development of infrastructure in cities especially in transport sector which causes ambient air pollution issues in mega cities. To estimate the level of pollution in the city of Lahore, ambient air quality mapping procedure was used with the help of Haz Scanner HIM-6000 equipped with different sensors and ArcGIS 10.3 software was used for mapping of these pollutants. This study continued for two months from September to October, 2017 for different pollutants like PM2.5, VOCs, Ozone, NOx, CO2, CO, SO2 and H2S. From the study, it was concluded that ambient air in Lahore has lot of pollutants especially PM2.5, NO, NO2, CO, SO2 where as conc. of VOCs, H2S and Ozone was in limits in relation to NEQs for these pollutants.  

VALORIZATION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH SERBIA FROM THE AIR QUALITY ASPECT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1329-1333
Author(s):  
Miodrag Šmelcerović
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

The protection of the environment and people’s health from negative influences of the pollution of air as a medium of the environment requires constant observing of the air quality in accordance with international standards, the analysis of emission and imission of polluting matters in the air, and their connection with the sources of pollution. Having in mind the series of laws and delegated legislations which define the field of air pollution, it is necessary to closely observe these long-term processes, discovering cause-and-effect relationships between the activities of anthropogenic sources of emission of polluting matters and the level of air degradation. The relevant evaluation of the air quality of a certain area can be conducted if the level of concentration of polluting matters characteristic for the pollution sources of this area is observed in a longer period of time. The data obtained by the observation of the air pollution are the basis for creation of the recovery program of a certain area. Vranje is a town in South Serbia where there is a bigger number of anthropogenic pollution sources that can significantly diminish the air quality. The cause-and-effect relationship of the anthropogenic sources of pollution is conducted related to the analysis of systematized data which are in the relevant data base of the authorized institution The Institute of Public Health Vranje, for the time period between the year of 2012. and 2017. By the analysis of data of imission concentrations of typical polluting matters, the dominant polluting matters were determined on the territory of the town of Vranje, the ones that are the causers of the biggest air pollution and the risk for people’s health. Analysis of the concentration of soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides indicates their presence in the air of Vranje town area in concentrations that do not exceed the permitted limit values annually. The greatest pollution is caused by the soot content in the air, especially in the winter period when the highest number of days with the values above the limit was registered. By perceiving the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, it is clear that the concentration of polluting matters can be decreased only by establishing control over anthropogenic sources of pollution, and thus it can be contributed to the improvement of the air quality of this urban environment.

scholarly journals Contribution of Local and Transboundary Air Pollution to the Urban Air Quality of Fukuoka, Japan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Ayako Yoshino ◽  
Akinori Takami ◽  
Keiichiro Hara ◽  
Chiharu Nishita-Hara ◽  
Masahiko Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Transboundary Air Pollution ◽  
Local Air Pollution ◽  
The City

Transboundary air pollution (TAP) and local air pollution (LAP) influence the air quality of urban areas. Fukuoka, located on the west side of Japan and affected by TAP from the Asian continent, is a unique example for understanding the contribution of LAP and TAP. Gaseous species and particulate matter (PM) were measured for approximately three weeks in Fukuoka in the winter of 2018. We classified two distinctive periods, LAP and TAP, based on wind speed. The classification was supported by variations in the concentration of gaseous species and by backward trajectories. Most air pollutants, including NOx and PM, were high in the LAP period and low in the TAP period. However, ozone was the exception. Therefore, our findings suggest that reducing local emissions is necessary. Ozone was higher in the TAP period, and the variation in ozone concentration was relatively small, indicating that ozone was produced outside of the city and transported to Fukuoka. Thus, air pollutants must also be reduced at a regional scale, including in China.

scholarly journals Pre-monsoon air quality over Lumbini, a world heritage site along the Himalayan foothills

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipesh Rupakheti ◽  
Bhupesh Adhikary ◽  
Puppala S. Praveen ◽  
Maheswar Rupakheti ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
Heritage Site

Abstract. Lumbini, in southern Nepal, is a UNESCO world heritage site of universal value as the birthplace of Buddha. Poor air quality in Lumbini and surrounding regions is a great concern for public health as well as for preservation, protection and promotion of Buddhist heritage and culture. We present here results from measurements of ambient concentrations of key air pollutants (PM, BC, CO, O3) in Lumbini, first of its kind for Lumbini, conducted during an intensive measurement period of three months (April–June 2013) in the pre-monsoon season. The measurements were carried out as a part of the international air pollution measurement campaign; SusKat-ABC (Sustainable Atmosphere for the Kathmandu Valley – Atmospheric Brown Clouds). The ranges of hourly average concentrations were: PM10: 10.5–604.0 µg m−3, PM2.5: 6.1–272.2 µg m−3; BC: 0.3–30.0 µg m−3; CO: 125.0–1430.0 ppbv; and O3: 1.0–118.1 ppbv. These levels are comparable to other very heavily polluted sites throughout South Asia. The 24-h average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations exceeded the WHO guideline very frequently (94 % and 85 % of the sampled period, respectively), which implies significant health risks for the residents and visitors in the region. These air pollutants exhibited clear diurnal cycles with high values in the morning and evening. During the study period, the worst air pollution episodes were mainly due to agro-residue burning and regional forest fires combined with meteorological conditions conducive of pollution transport to Lumbini. Fossil fuel combustion also contributed significantly, accounting for more than half of the ambient BC concentration according to aerosol spectral light absorption coefficients obtained in Lumbini. WRF-STEM, a regional chemical transport model, was used to simulate the meteorology and the concentrations of pollutants. The model was able to reproduce the variation in the pollutant concentrations well; however, estimated values were 1.5 to 5 times lower than the observed concentrations for CO and PM10 respectively. Regionally tagged CO tracers showed the majority of CO came from the upwind region of Ganges valley. The model was also used to examine the chemical composition of the aerosol mixture, indicating that organic carbon was the main constituent of fine mode PM2.5, followed by mineral dust. Given the high pollution level, there is a clear and urgent need for setting up a network of long-term air quality monitoring stations in the greater Lumbini region.

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