MicroRNAs: Beyond Post-transcriptional Regulation of mRNAs

MicroRNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cervantes-Ayala Andrea Viridiana ◽  
Velázquez-Flores Miguel Ángel ◽  
Ruiz Esparza-Garrido Ruth
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Mature Mirnas ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Nuclear Level ◽  
Eukaryotic Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, participate in the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of eukaryotic genes, and are potential biomarkers for diseases. Mature miRNAs can be located in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, where they perform their regulatory function. The discovery of new miRNAs and the identification of their targets and functions are fundamental to understanding the biological processes regulated by them, as well as the role they play in diseases. This present study researched miRNAs function at nuclear level and as circulating molecules.

scholarly journals Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Lung Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Kumar Soni ◽  
Roopa Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), notably microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have recently gained increasing consideration because of their versatile role as key regulators of gene expression. They adopt diverse mechanisms to regulate transcription and translation, and thereby, the function of the protein, which is associated with several major biological processes. For example, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolic pathways demand fine-tuning for the precise development of a specific tissue or organ. The deregulation of ncRNA expression is concomitant with multiple diseases, including lung diseases. This review highlights recent advances in the post-transcriptional regulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs in lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Further, we also discuss the emerging role of ncRNAs as biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for lung diseases. However, more investigations are required to explore miRNAs and lncRNAs interaction, and their function in the regulation of mRNA expression. Understanding these mechanisms might lead to early diagnosis and the development of novel therapeutics for lung diseases.

scholarly journals Role of N6-Methyladenosine RNA Modification in Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Song ◽  
Jianhua Hou ◽  
Junduo Wu ◽  
Junnan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

Despite treatments being improved and many risk factors being identified, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common, abundant, and conserved internal modification in RNAs and plays an important role in the development of CVD. Many studies have shown that aabnormal m6A modifications of coding RNAs are involved in the development of CVD. In addition, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) exert post-transcriptional regulation in many diseases including CVD. Although ncRNAs have also been found to be modified by m6A, the studies on m6A modifications of ncRNAs in CVD are currently lacking. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in understanding m6A modifications in the context of coding RNAs and ncRNAs, as well as their regulatory roles in CVD.

scholarly journals Metazoan tsRNAs: Biogenesis, Evolution and Regulatory Functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengqian Dou ◽  
Yirong Wang ◽  
Jian Lu
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Evolutionary Genomics ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Conservation Patterns ◽  
Fundamental Biology ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are an emerging class of regulatory non-coding RNAs that play important roles in post-transcriptional regulation across a variety of biological processes. Here, we review the recent advances in tsRNA biogenesis and regulatory functions from the perspectives of functional and evolutionary genomics, with a focus on the tsRNA biology of Drosophila. We first summarize our current understanding of the biogenesis mechanisms of different categories of tsRNAs that are generated under physiological or stressed conditions. Next, we review the conservation patterns of tsRNAs in all domains of life, with an emphasis on the conservation of tsRNAs between two Drosophila species. Then, we elaborate the currently known regulatory functions of tsRNAs in mRNA translation that are independent of, or dependent on, Argonaute (AGO) proteins. We also highlight some issues related to the fundamental biology of tsRNAs that deserve further study.

scholarly journals Modeling post-transcriptional regulation activity of small non-coding RNAs in Escherichia coli

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (Suppl 4) ◽  
pp. S6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-Sheng Wang ◽  
Guangxu Jin ◽  
Xiang-Sun Zhang ◽  
Luonan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

scholarly journals miR-4293 upregulates lncRNA WFDC21P by suppressing mRNA-decapping enzyme 2 to promote lung carcinoma proliferation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Yun-Fei Yan ◽  
Qing Lv ◽  
You-Jie Li ◽  
Ran-Ran Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Mrna Decapping ◽  
Proliferation And Metastasis ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Decapping Enzyme ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Metastasis

AbstractNon-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) involve in diverse biological processes by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Emerging evidence shows that miRNA-4293 plays a significant role in the development of non-small cell lung cancer. However, the oncogenic functions of miR-4293 have not been studied. Our results demonstrated that miR-4293 expression is markedly enhanced in lung carcinoma tissue and cells. Moreover, miR-4293 promotes tumor cell proliferation and metastasis but suppresses apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations identified mRNA-decapping enzyme 2 (DCP2) as a target of miR-4293 and its expression is suppressed by miR-4293. DCP2 can directly or indirectly bind to WFDC21P and downregulates its expression. Consequently, miR-4293 can further promote WFDC21P expression by regulating DCP2. With a positive correlation to miR-4293 expression, WFDC21P also plays an oncogenic role in lung carcinoma. Furthermore, knockdown of WFDC21P results in functional attenuation of miR-4293 on tumor promotion. In vivo xenograft growth is also promoted by both miR-4293 and WFDC21P. Overall, our results establish oncogenic roles for both miR-4293 and WFDC21P and demonstrate that interactions between miRNAs and lncRNAs through DCP2 are important in the regulation of carcinoma pathogenesis. These results provided a valuable theoretical basis for the discovery of lung carcinoma therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers based on miR-4293 and WFDC21P.

scholarly journals miRinGO: Prediction of biological processes indirectly targeted by human microRNAs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sayed ◽  
Juw Won Park
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Go Enrichment ◽  
R Shiny ◽  
Canonical Approach ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Go Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Shiny Application

AbstractMicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are known for their role in post-transcriptional regulation of target genes. Typically, their functions are predicted by first identifying their target genes and then finding biological processes enriched in these targets. Current tools for miRNA functional analysis use only genes with physical binding sites as their targets and exclude other genes that are indirectly targeted transcriptionally through transcription factors. Here, we introduce a method to predict gene ontology (GO) annotations indirectly targeted by microRNAs. The proposed method resulted in better performance in predicting known miRNA-GO term associations compared to the canonical approach. To facilitate miRNA GO enrichment analysis, we developed an R Shiny application, miRinGO, that is freely available from GitHub at https://github.com/Fadeel/miRinGO

scholarly journals The Roles of Temperature-Related Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Cereal Floral Development

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2230
Author(s):  
Dominique Hirsz ◽  
Laura E. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Complex Signals ◽  
Temperature Signal ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Environmental Events ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

Temperature is a critical environmental signal in the regulation of plant growth and development. The temperature signal varies across a daily 24 h period, between seasons and stochastically depending on local environmental events. Extracting important information from these complex signals has led plants to evolve multiple temperature responsive regulatory mechanisms at the molecular level. In temperate cereals, we are starting to identify and understand these molecular mechanisms. In addition, we are developing an understanding of how this knowledge can be used to increase the robustness of crop yield in response to significant changes in local and global temperature patterns. To enable this, it is becoming apparent that gene regulation, regarding expression and post-transcriptional regulation, is crucial. Large transcriptomic studies are identifying global changes in spliced transcript variants and regulatory non-coding RNAs in response to seasonal and stress temperature signals in many of the cereal crops. Understanding the functions of these variants and targets of the non-coding RNAs will greatly increase how we enable the adaptation of crops. This review considers our current understanding and areas for future development.

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