Hair Care Cosmetics Regulation in Different Countries – A Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamla Pathak ◽  
Nida Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Safety Aspects ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Hair Care

Background: Hair care cosmetics are meant for the purpose of cleansing, modifying, promoting growth and grooming the hair. These products are designed to provide nourishment and prevent hair damage; these are mainly comprised of shampoos, conditioners, grooming products, etc. The products have gained prominent deliberations across the globe due to increasing issues of hair related problems. As these problems are enhancing at a greater rate, use of hair care cosmetics should be regulated in order to make them safe and effective to the consumer. However, manufacturers across the globe are conducting safety analysis to ensure the safety, non- irritating potential of these products and that the product should not cause any allergic reaction. </P><P> Objective: The review highlights several regulatory as well as clinical aspects of hair cosmetics that govern the use of hair products worldwide. Laws and regulations followed by various countries are highlighted. The write up also unfolds clinical and safety aspects of different hair care products. </P><P> Methods: Regulatory guidelines and clinical reports have been retrieved using sites www.usfda.gov and www.clinicaltrials.gov, respectively. Conclusion: The FDA has recommended that hair care cosmetics should be evaluated for the type of allergic reactions and the products should not be contaminated. An appropriate antimicrobial agent must be added in order to prevent any type of microbial contamination. The product&#039;s safety should be observed in market-place via consumer comments and complaints.

scholarly journals Allergy to cephalosporin antibiotics in children

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Atanaskovic-Markovic ◽  
Branimir Nestorovic
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
First Line ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Cephalosporin Antibiotics ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Common Infections

A particular problem is the safety of administering cephalosporins to penicillin-allergic children, because cephalosporin allergenic determinants have not been properly identified. Cephalosporin antibiotics are widely used to treat common infections and are often the first-line prophylaxis before many types of surgery. So the arm of this study is to determine the frequency of allergic reactions of anaphylactic type to cephalosporins and their cross-reactivity with penicillins. At University Children?s Hospital in Belgrade a group of 1,170 children with suspected anaphylactic allergic reaction to penicillins and/or cephalosporins were tested for the last eight years. Skin tests were performed with standard concentration of penicillins and cephalosporins. In children where skin tests were negative single-blind placebo-controlled challenges were performed. In case of positive skin tests further examinations were interrupted and the children were considered allergic to that drug. The frequency of anaphylactic allergic reactions to cephalosporins is 0.2 % to 17 %, and depends on cephalosporins generation. The cross-reactivity between cephalosporins and penicillins is 0.1 % to 14.5 %, and among cephalosporins is 0 % to 11.7 %.

Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactic Shock

2019 ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Megan S. Motosue ◽  
Gerald W. Volcheck
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Older People ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Blocking Agents ◽  
Common Causes

Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and potentially fatal. Prompt recognition of the symptoms and institution of treatment are important in management. The lifetime prevalence of anaphylaxis is estimated to be 0.05% to 2% and appears to be increasing. Allergic reactions vary in severity, with the most severe culminating in anaphylactic shock. Common triggers include food, venom, and drugs. Triggers for events vary by age. Among children and young people, food is a common trigger; among middle-aged and older people, medications and venoms are common triggers. Neuromuscular blocking agents, antibiotics, and latex are the most common causes of anesthesia-associated anaphylaxis. This chapter briefly discusses the background, diagnosis, and management of anaphylaxis.

Allergenic pollen emissions from vegetation—threats and prevention

2018 ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
Åslög Dahl ◽  
Matilda van den Bosch ◽  
Thomas Ogren
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Pollen Biology

Allergic diseases are caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to a certain environmental exposure. Many different agents may induce an allergic reaction. This chapter concerns reactions to pollen. Although allergies to animals, for example dogs and cats, may be considered as part of nature-induced allergy, the focus here is on vegetation. Allergic reactions to pollen depend on the type of pollen, biological properties, location, and individual factors. Changes in our immune systems, our living environments and lifestyles, and climate change may play a role in the increasing prevalence of pollen allergies. This chapter contains three major sections: first, the basics of pollen biology are outlined; secondly, pollen’s impact on human health are introduced; and finally, the chapter includes a section on how practitioners and policymakers can plan our cities to be green, and yet limited in allergenic exposure.

scholarly journals Low Incidence of Biphasic Allergic Reactions in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care after Anaphylaxis

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Højlund ◽  
Peter Søe-Jensen ◽  
Anders Perner ◽  
Morten H. Bestle ◽  
Peder Carl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Skin Symptoms ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Low Incidence

Abstract Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New Background Biphasic allergic reactions—recurrence of allergy symptoms after a symptom-free period—are reported to occur in 1 to 23% of allergic reactions. Patients admitted to an intensive care unit after anaphylaxis potentially have more severe reactions and a higher risk of biphasic allergic reactions. The purpose of this study was to examine incidence, triggers, symptoms, and treatment of biphasic allergic reactions, in patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Methods Records of patients admitted to intensive care units with anaphylaxis from 2011 to 2014 were reviewed. Only patients with a reaction fulfilling internationally accepted criteria for anaphylaxis were included. Potential biphasic allergic reactions, defined as renewed allergy symptoms 1 to 72 h after initial symptoms had resolved, without further exposure to the trigger, were identified. Results A total of 83 cases of anaphylaxis were identified, and the most frequent triggers were medications (58 of 83 [70%]). Skin symptoms occurred in 69 (83%) cases, and circulatory and respiratory symptoms in 48 (58%) and 45 (54%) cases, respectively. In total, 82 (99%), 80 (96%), and 66 (80%) were treated with antihistamines, corticosteroids, and epinephrine, respectively. Only 10 patients presented with one or more relevant symptoms after the initial allergic reaction. Of these, three were possible, and one was a probable biphasic allergic reaction, giving a total incidence of 4 of 83 (4.8% [95% CI, 1.6 to 12.5]) or 1 of 83 (1.2% [95% CI, 0.1 to 7.46]), respectively. All cases were mild, presenting with skin symptoms only, occurring on average 14 h after initial reactions. Conclusions The authors observed a low incidence of biphasic reactions in patients admitted to an intensive care unit after anaphylaxis, at a rate equivalent to that reported in other patient groups.

A comparative study of flexible (Polyactive®) versus rigid (hydroxylapatite) permucosal dental implants. I. Clinical aspects

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. MEIJER ◽  
M.S. CUNE ◽  
M. DOOREN ◽  
C. PUTTER ◽  
C. A. BLITTERSWIJK
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Clinical Aspects

scholarly journals Anaphylactic reaction to ethylene oxide in a hemodialysis patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1983874
Author(s):  
Bobak J Akhavan ◽  
Ugochi A Osborn ◽  
Reeba Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Hemodialysis Patient ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Setting ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Systemic Allergic Reaction

We present the case of a patient who developed a severe systemic allergic reaction during initiation of hemodialysis. The reaction completely resolved by switching the dialysis filter sterilized by ethylene oxide to a steam sterilized filter. Ethylene oxide is used to sterilize heat sensitive medical devices, and although allergic reactions related to ethylene oxide have been reported before, awareness is lacking among providers in the inpatient setting, specifically in the intensive care unit setting.

Preventive approach of allergic reaction to oxaliplatin

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 13574-13574
Author(s):  
M. Suenaga ◽  
N. Mizunuma ◽  
T. Watanabe ◽  
K. Hatake ◽  
T. Muto
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Type I ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Platinum Compound ◽  
Rapid Infusion ◽  
Preventive Approach ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Antihistaminic Drugs ◽  
Severe Grade

13574 Background: Oxaliplatin is a well-known platinum compound as a key agent of FOLFOX regimen, the world standard chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Allergic reaction due to oxaliplatin is a chronic adverse event regarded as almost type I allergy. In our institute, we have also experienced allergic reaction including severe cases and started to apply practical preventive approach to the patients treated with FOLFOX regimens. Methods: Preventive approach was as follows: 40mg of famotidine and 8mg of dexamethasone before oxaliplatin infusion were given to all patients from the initial cycle and 50mg of diphenhydramine after cycle 4. Further intensive anti-allergic procedure was performed for the patients who showed any allergic reactions against initial preventive approach. Increased dose of dexamethasone to 20mg and diphenhydramine were administered before oxaliplatin infusion and oxaliplatin was prolonged from 2 up to 4 hours for patients with grade 1, 2 allergic reactions (CTCAE v3.0). Treatment was discontinued in patients with severe grade 3 adverse events. Results: 139 patients received FOLFOX regimens during 6 months. 15 patients (10.8%) presented with allergic reaction, 11 (73.3%) of those were grade 1, 2 and the other 4 (26.7%) were grade 3. Immediate discontinuation of oxaliplatin infusion and administration of antihistaminic drugs, steroid or rapid infusion were routine proceeding, and almost of the patients entirely recovered within 2 hours. 9 patients were re-exposed to oxaliplatin using the preventive approach and grade1 reaction appeared in 3 patients (33.3%) again. Conclusions: Our initial preventive approach was effective to reduce the incidence of allergy, severe adverse events. And further intensive anti-allergic procedure contributed to re-expose to oxaliplatin. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Forward blocking in human learning sometimes reflects the failure to encode a cue–outcome relationship

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. Mitchell ◽  
Peter F. Lovibond ◽  
Erin Minard ◽  
Yvonna Lavis
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Human Learning ◽  
Causal Efficacy ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Outcome Relationship ◽  
Causal Judgement

In two “allergist” causal judgement experiments, participants were trained with a blocking design (A + |AB+). The procedure allowed different food cues to be paired with different fictitious allergic reactions. On test, participants were asked to rate the causal efficacy of the target cues and to recall the particular allergic reaction (outcome) that had followed each cue during training. Forward blocking was observed on the causal judgement measure and on the outcome recall measure in both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. A backward blocking contingency was also trained in Experiment 2 (AB + |A+). Backward blocking was not observed either on the causal judgement or on the outcome recall measure. The evidence from the recall measure suggests that forward blocking in this task results from a failure to encode the B–outcome relationship during training. Associative and nonassociative mechanisms of forward blocking are discussed.

scholarly journals Contact-Allergic Reactions to Cosmetics

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Hair Dyes ◽  
Contact Allergens ◽  
Contact Urticaria ◽  
The Future ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Hair Care ◽  
Allergic Contact

Contact-allergic reactions to cosmetics may be delayed-type reactions such as allergic and photo-allergic contact dermatitis, and more exceptionally also immediate-type reactions, that is, contact urticaria. Fragrances and preservative agents are the most important contact allergens, but reactions also occur to category-specific products such as hair dyes and other hair-care products, nail cosmetics, sunscreens, as well as to antioxidants, vehicles, emulsifiers, and, in fact, any possible cosmetic ingredient. Patch and prick testing to detect the respective culprits remains the golden standard for diagnosis, although additional tests might be useful as well. Once the specific allergens are identified, the patients should be informed of which products can be safely used in the future.

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