Influence of Exogenous Variables on Intrusion Depth of PMMA Bone Cement: Revision of ISO 5833 Standard

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Gladius Lewis ◽  
Liang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Joint Replacements ◽  
Total Joint Replacements ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Intrusion Depth ◽  
Curing Cement

Background: Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is widely used to anchor total joint replacements to the contiguous bone. Among the clinically-relevant properties of this material is its intrusion depth (ID) because it indicates the potential for interdigitation of the curing cement into the interstices of the cancellous bone. ID is determined using procedures stipulated in ISO 5833. There is only one study in which ISO 5833 was examined critically, but only one exogenous variable was considered. Purpose: We carried out an extensive critical analysis of the ISO 5833 Standard with a view to making recommendations for revising it. Materials and Methods: 7 approved PMMA bone cement brands (covering low-, medium-, and high-viscosity brands) were used in two series of tests. In the first series, the influence of time at which ID was determined (relative to achievement of cement doughing time (DT)) was delineated. In the second series, the influence of three clinically-relevant variables on ID for each of these brands was determined and, then, response surface methodology was used to analyze the results. Results: ID results are given for both series of tests. Over the range of the variables used, the optimum IDs for a low-, medium-, and high-viscosity brand were computed to be 5.7 mm, 3.1 mm, and 2.4 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The findings allowed us to recommend that the following revisions be made to stipulations in ISO 5833 for determining ID: prior to running the ID test, store the cement unit at 1°C; 60 minutes after removing the cement unit from the storage medium, mix the cement powder and liquid, in a vacuum chamber, at 120 rpm; and determine ID 3 minutes after DT is achieved.

Tensile Fatigue Failure of Acrylic Bone Cement

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Gates ◽  
D. R. Carter ◽  
W. H. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Constant Strain Rate ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Acrylic Bone Cement ◽  
Joint Replacements ◽  
Total Joint Replacements ◽  
Tensile Fatigue ◽  
Number Of Cycles

Tensile fatigue tests of acrylic bone cement were conducted under strain control in a wet environment at 37°C. A constant strain rate of 0.02s−1 was used, resulting in physiologic loading frequencies. Comparison of the tensile fatigue data with the results of previous tension-compression fatigue tests indicates that fatigue failure is governed primarily by the maximum cyclic tensile strain. The compressive portion of the loading cycle has little effect on the number of cycles to failure. A new empirically derived equation is introduced to describe the influence of mean strain and strain amplitude on fatigue endurance. The results emphasize the critical role tensile strains may play in cement failure and loosening of total joint replacements.

scholarly journals Rheological and Curing Behavior of a Newly Developed, Medium Viscous Acrylic Bone Cement

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Deusser ◽  
Christoph Sattig ◽  
Andreas Boger
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Cement Leakage ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Vertebral Bodies

Percutaneous vertebroplasty, comprising an injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement into vertebral bodies, is a practical procedure for stabilization of osteoporotic compression fractures and other weakening lesions. Cement leakage is considered to be the major complication. The viscosity plays a key role in this context. At high viscosity, the risk of leakage is reduced; however, injection forces are highly increased, handling time is reduced. The purpose of the study was to investigate the rheological, handling and hardening behaviour of a newly developed medium viscous bone cement at different temperatures and by simulation of a temperature shift to body-temperature. The presented data give an impression on the injectability of the cement using different sized needles. It could be concluded, that the medium viscous cement shows an adequate working time for a broad temperature range and an acceptable hardening time of around 11 min after immersing the cement into a C environment.

scholarly journals Influence of HRGO Nanoplatelets on Behaviour and Processing of PMMA Bone Cement for Surgery

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2027
Author(s):  
Jaime Orellana ◽  
Ynés Yohana Pastor ◽  
Fernando Calle ◽  
José Ygnacio Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Structural Function ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement ◽  
Reduced Graphene

Bone cement, frequently based on poly (methyl methacrylate), is commonly used in different arthroplasty surgical procedures and its use is essential for prosthesis fixation. However, its manufacturing process reaches high temperatures (up to 120 °C), producing necrosis in the patients' surrounding tissues. To help avoid this problem, the addition of graphene could delay the polymerisation of the methyl methacrylate as it could, simultaneously, favour the optimisation of the composite material's properties. In this work, we address the effect of different percentages of highly reduced graphene oxide with different wt.% (0.10, 0.50, and 1.00) and surface densities (150, 300, 500, and 750 m2/g) on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of commercial poly (methyl methacrylate)-based bone cement and its processing. It was noted that a lower sintering temperature was achieved with this addition, making it less harmful to use in surgery and reducing its adverse effects. In contrast, the variation of the density of the materials did not introduce significant changes, which indicates that the addition of highly reduced graphene oxide would not significantly increase bone porosity. Lastly, the mechanical properties (strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness) were reduced by almost 20%. Nevertheless, their typical values are high enough that these new materials could still fulfil their structural function. In conclusion, this paper presents a way to control the sintering temperature, without significant degradation of the mechanical performance, by adding highly reduced graphene oxide so that local necrosis of bone cement based on poly (methyl methacrylate) used in surgery is avoided.

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