The influence of nano MgO and BaSO4 particle size additives on properties of PMMA bone cement

Bone cement, frequently based on poly (methyl methacrylate), is commonly used in different arthroplasty surgical procedures and its use is essential for prosthesis fixation. However, its manufacturing process reaches high temperatures (up to 120 °C), producing necrosis in the patients' surrounding tissues. To help avoid this problem, the addition of graphene could delay the polymerisation of the methyl methacrylate as it could, simultaneously, favour the optimisation of the composite material's properties. In this work, we address the effect of different percentages of highly reduced graphene oxide with different wt.% (0.10, 0.50, and 1.00) and surface densities (150, 300, 500, and 750 m2/g) on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of commercial poly (methyl methacrylate)-based bone cement and its processing. It was noted that a lower sintering temperature was achieved with this addition, making it less harmful to use in surgery and reducing its adverse effects. In contrast, the variation of the density of the materials did not introduce significant changes, which indicates that the addition of highly reduced graphene oxide would not significantly increase bone porosity. Lastly, the mechanical properties (strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness) were reduced by almost 20%. Nevertheless, their typical values are high enough that these new materials could still fulfil their structural function. In conclusion, this paper presents a way to control the sintering temperature, without significant degradation of the mechanical performance, by adding highly reduced graphene oxide so that local necrosis of bone cement based on poly (methyl methacrylate) used in surgery is avoided.

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Developing of PMMA Bone Cement Performance by Modified TiO2NPs

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1094/1/012150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1094 (1) ◽

pp. 012150

Author(s):

S K Al-Janabi ◽

M H Al-Maamori ◽

A J Braihi

Keyword(s):

Bone Cement ◽

Pmma Bone Cement

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Development of Novel Bioactive PMMA-Based Bone Cement and its In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.801 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 309-311 ◽

pp. 801-804 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.B. Cho ◽

Akari Takeuchi ◽

Ill Yong Kim ◽

Sang Bae Kim ◽

Chikara Ohtsuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Property ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Bone Cement ◽

The Novel ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Natural Bone ◽

Pmma Bone Cement ◽

Rabbit Tibia

In order to overcome the disadvantage of commercialized PMMA bone cement, we have developed novel PMMA-based bone cement(7P3S) reinforced by 30 wt.% of bioactive CaO-SiO2 gel powders to induce the bioactivity as well as to increase mechanical property for the PMMA bone cement. The novel 7P3S bone cement hardened after mixing for about 7 minutes. For in vitro evaluation, apatite forming ability of it was investigated using SBF. When the novel 7P3S bone cement was soaked into SBF, it formed apatite on its surfaces within 1 week Furthermore; there is no decrease in its compressive strength within 9 weeks soaking in SBF. It is though that hardly decrease in compressive strength of 7P3S bone cement in SBF is due to the relative small amount of gel powder or its spherical shape and monosize. In vivo evaluation of the novel 7P3S bone cement was carried out using rabbit. After implantion into rabbit tibia for several periods, the interface between novel bone cement and natural bone was evaluated by CT images. According to the results, the novel bone cement directly contact to the natural bone without fibrous tissue after implantation for 4 weeks. This results indicates that the newly developed 7P3S bone cement can bond to the living bone and also be effectively used as bioactive bone cement without decrease in mechanical property.

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The effect on the fatigue strength of bone cement of adding sodium fluoride

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine ◽

10.1243/0954411011533643 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 215 (2) ◽

pp. 251-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C Minari ◽

M Baleanil ◽

L Cristofolini ◽

F Baruffaldi

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Strength ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Sodium Fluoride ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Cement Mantle ◽

Fatigue Tests ◽

Fatigue Performance ◽

Bone Cements ◽

The Novel ◽

Pmma Bone Cement

New bone cements that include several additives are currently being investigated and tested. One such additive is sodium fluoride (NaF), which promotes bone formation, facilitating implant integration and success. The influence of NaF on the fatigue performance of the cement as used in biomedical applications was tested in this paper. In fact fatigue failure of the cement mantle is a major factor limiting the longevity of a cemented implant. An experimental bone cement with added NaF (12wt%) was investigated. The fatigue strength of the novel bone cement was evaluated in comparison with the cement without additives; fatigue tests were conducted according to current standards. The load levels were arranged based on a validated, statistically based optimization algorithm. The curve of stress against number of load cycles and the endurance limit were obtained and compared for both formulations. The results showed that the addition of NaF (12 wt %) to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement does not affect the fatigue resistance of the material. Sodium fluoride can safely be added to the bone cement without altering the fatigue performance of the PMMA bone cement.

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Adhesion improvement at the PMMA bone cement-titanium implant interface using methyl methacrylate atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization

Surface and Coatings Technology ◽

10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.03.054 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 294 ◽

pp. 201-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Pieter Cools ◽

Nathalie De Geyter ◽

Els Vanderleyden ◽

Fabrizio Barberis ◽

Peter Dubruel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methyl Methacrylate ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Plasma Polymerization ◽

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽

Titanium Implant ◽

Pressure Plasma ◽

Pmma Bone Cement

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Mechanical Failure of Artificial Joint Materials: Wear and Fatigue

10.1115/imece2000-2656 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

L. D. Timmie Topoleski

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Loading ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Fatigue Failure ◽

Relative Motion ◽

Wear Mechanisms ◽

Bone Cements ◽

Artificial Joint ◽

Artificial Joints ◽

Cocrmo Alloy ◽

Pmma Bone Cement

Abstract Total artificial joint replacements are one of the most effective treatments for arthritis. Artificial joints are used to replace damaged cartilage and act as low-friction articulating materials in joints. During normal human walking, some of the materials used for artificial knee and hip replacements are subjected to both sliding articulation (relative motion) and cyclic loading. A common example is the CoCrMo alloy femoral surface of an artificial knee that articulates against an ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene (UHMWPE) component. Other materials do not experience relative motion (at least not intentionally) and are subjected to only cyclic loading. An example is the poly(methyl methacrylate) or PMMA bone cement used to fix components of artificial joints into bones. In the case of articulating materials, both surfaces are susceptible to wear, from both second-body and third body (in the presence of abrasive particles) mechanisms. Wear of the UHMWPE has received considerable attention recently, since the polymer wear is far more obvious than the metal wear. The Biomaterials field is developing an understanding of the wear mechanisms and how to enhance the wear resistance of UHMWPE. The wear of the metal components has not received as much attention, yet materials wear as a couple; both surfaces play a role in the overall wear. In the UMBC Laboratory for Implantable Materials, we are investigating the mechanisms of CoCrMo alloy wear, and the effect of worn metal components on the wear of UHMWPE. Understanding the wear mechanisms of metal components may help to extend the life of artificial joints by allowing new articulating material combinations and joint designs. For non-articulating materials, fatigue failure is a primary concern. Fatigue of metal components is relatively rare. In the distal portion of an artificial hip, the metal hip stem is fixed into the bone by a layer of PMMA bone cement. The PMMA bone cement is far weaker and less resistant to fracture and fatigue than either the bone or the metal, and thus may be considered the mechanical “weak link” in cemented total joints. We are investigating the fatigue properties of PMMA bone cements, and studying the mechanisms of fatigue crack initiation. If we can determine how fatigue cracks start in bone cement, we may be able to develop, for example, new surgical procedures (e.g., bone preparation) that will reduce the likelihood of fatigue failure. New formulations of bone cement have been developed for both joint fixation, and also for bone repair or replacement. Understanding the failure mechanisms of bone cements may enable safe and effective new uses for new bone cements, and extend the lives of cemented artificial joints.

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