Current Drug Trends for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Robert Mattos da Silva ◽  
Melanie Tavares ◽  
Ralph Santos-Oliveira ◽  
Eduardo RicciJúnior
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Molecular Modelling ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Positive Results

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, initially first appeared in China and spread rapidly around the world, causing a pandemic. Due to the absence of an effective vaccine, many drugs have been extensively studied for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Objective: The aim of this work is to provide a current trend of potential drugs for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, through literature research over drug repositioning. Methods: A literature review was performed on databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Lilacs, World Health Organization and Clinical Trials to identify relevant articles of drugs used for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 since 2003 up to 2020. Results and Discussion : Nelfinavir presented favorable results in molecular modelling and in vitro studies. Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine showed positive results, nevertheless, the World Health Organization discontinued the clinical trials because these drugs might increase the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias. Darunavir and Ribavirin presented one positive and negative result for molecular modelling and in vitro studies, respectively. The combination of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Umifenovir alone demonstrated negative results in the clinical trials performed. Remdesivir was the major drug tested which presented more positive results. Conclusion: The data do not support the use of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Umifenovir with the potential for treatment against SARS-CoV-2. Nelfinavir has potential to be explored against SARS-CoV-2. Due to the union of several positive results obtained from studies against SARS-CoV-2, the Remdesivir should be explored as the most effective drug for the potential treatment against this virus.

Treatment Options in COVID-19: The Role of Bioavailable Antiviral Ribonucleoside Analog on NHC in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

On December 31, 2019, WHO was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan City, China. A novel coronavirus was identified as the cause by Chinese authorities on January 7, 2020 and was provisionally named "2019-nCoV". This new Coronavirus causes a clinical picture which has received now the name COVID-19. The virus has spread subsequently worldwide and was explained on the 11th of March, 2020 by the World Health Organization to the pandemic.

scholarly journals An overview of the worldwide master key for pharmacovigilance and its role in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Janmejay Pant ◽  
Harneet Marwah ◽  
Ripudaman M Singh ◽  
Subhajit Hazra
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Marketing Authorisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Uppsala Monitoring

Introduction: Pharmacovigilance (PV) is defined as the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) and related conditions. Methods: In the 1970s, several significant cases of ADR aided the advancement of the discipline. Between 1989 and 2004, several attempts were made to implement such a program in India, but the scheme was eventually launched in 2010 and is now operating successfully and producing positive results. Results: The pharmacovigilance Program of India (PvPI) contributed different data to the World Health Organization (WHO) Uppsala Monitoring Center (UMC) based on the data gathered from this process. Indian regulatory have sent several alerts to stakeholders and provided the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) with several recommendations. CDSCO has since advised Marketing Authorisation Holders (MAHs) to follow the same guidelines and has amended the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and Regulations to reflect this. Conclusions: The time has come for Indian regulatory authorities to take the required action based on data generated in our country rather than data generated in several other countries.

scholarly journals Clinical outcomes of women with COVID 19 during pregnancy: an update

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Naushaba Tarannum Mahtab ◽  
Tanzeem Sabina Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, a cluster of four cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China, were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). Since then, the world has seen unprecedented effects of this virus on our health and life in general and every country of the world has been affected. Pregnant women are considered the most vulnerable population and clinical trials and research are going on to ensure the safety of mother and the fetus during this pandemic. The data regarding management of pregnancy during COVID-19 era is evolving every day. In this review, we evaluate the recent evidence of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout pregnancy and provide a balanced and informed evidence-based management of pregnancy during the COVID- 19 era. Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 93-102

scholarly journals Clinical pharmacology - one of the world health organization strategies in promoting rational use of medicines

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-920
Author(s):  
L Y Shaydullina ◽  
L E Ziganshina
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Rational Use Of Medicines ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The review covers the history of Clinical Pharmacology discipline origin from the thirties of the twentieth century until now. Establishment of the research group on clinical pharmacology by the World Health Organization in 1969 is surveyed. The current status of clinical pharmacology in Russia is described with emphasis on potential impact of the discipline on health system in the rational use of medicines and access to medicines. The connection between clinical pharmacology development and pharmaceutical regulation and «thalidomide tragedy» of the sixties is traced. The main developing sections of the discipline of Clinical Pharmacology: pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacogenetics, pharmacovigilance and drug clinical trials are presented. The objectives and phases of clinical trials, the current problems of their conduction - global and Russian - are presented. Perspectives for the clinical pharmacology development using the evidence-based medicine approach are reviewed. Review reveals the multidisciplinary nature of clinical pharmacology, its bridging role between the fundamental and practical clinical disciplines, and a close connection with the development of healthcare system. Problems of clinical pharmacologists’ training and employment are discussed. The review presents the current status and development of the discipline in different countries and in the Russian Federation with reference to the federal regulations and laws. The potential of clinical pharmacology as a research, teaching and practicing medical discipline allowing the healthcare system to ensure the rational use of medicines providing drug efficiency, safety and affordability for the population is described. The results of the own authors’ research of the impact of clinical pharmacology services introduction in the practice of internal diseases departments of Kazan municipal hospitals on the outcome of coronary heart disease are presented with consideration of the various confounding factors. Review explains the need for wide use of clinical pharmacology potentials on all levels of healthcare system, particularly for administrative decision-making

scholarly journals Chemical and Mechanical Actions of Drugs Active Group Used in COVID-19 Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
Suhayla K. Mohammed ◽  
Mzahim M. Taha ◽  
Ekhlass M. Taha
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Alpha Interferon ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Viral Membrane ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

With the new global outbreak of the novel COVID-19, control and treatment has become critical. There is no medication proven to be effective for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome which is caused by COVID-19 according to the World Health Organization (WHO) reports. Most studies that have been done on this time are clinical trials. Those studies used several drugs like lopinavir, ritonavir, nebulized alpha-interferon and, aminoquinolines. The mechanism of action is not well known so far. This review studies the metabolites of the tested drugs with different kinds of the viral membrane which merging proteins based on mechanical criteria.

scholarly journals Clinical trials in the time of a pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan S Ellenberg
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Health Organization

The first rumblings about a new coronavirus spreading in China were heard in January 2020. By the end of that month, the World Health Organization, recognizing the severity of the disease and the potential for global spread, had declared a public health emergency. By February 2020, cases had been identified in multiple countries, clinical trials of treatments with some biological plausibility had begun in China, and the initial steps of vaccine development were underway. In mid-March, by which time countries around the world were experiencing rapidly increasing numbers of cases and deaths, the World Health Organization categorized the outbreak as a pandemic. This new coronavirus was designated SARS-COV-2 in recognition of its similarity to the coronavirus responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in 2002–2003. The race is on to develop treatments that can mitigate the severe consequences of infection and vaccines that can prevent infection and/or diminish the severity of disease in those who do get infected. Many challenges face these development efforts. Some are similar to those faced in the past; others are new. The urgency of finding ways to treat, and ultimately prevent, the consequences of this new and potentially deadly infection has led to unprecedented focus on clinical trials.

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