scholarly journals Medicinal Plants for the Prevention and Treatment of Bacterial Infections

2012 ◽  
pp. 248-284
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Antiviral Essential Oils Incorporated in Nanocarriers: Strategy for Prevention from COVID-19 and Future Infectious Pandemics

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-451
Author(s):  
Malkiet Kaur ◽  
Gayatri Devi ◽  
Manju Nagpal ◽  
Manjinder Singh ◽  
Gitika A. Dhingra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Low Solubility

Background: Coronavirus has become a life-threatening disease and it is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This new strain of coronavirus is not completely understood and to date, there is no treatment for coronavirus. Traditional ayurvedic medicines, mainly essential oils and Chinese herbs, have always played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of several epidemics and pandemics. In the meantime, guidelines of the ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, yoga, unani, siddha and homoepathy) include a traditional medicinal treatment for flu and fever and also recommended to boost immunity to prevent the spread of coronavirus. It is not possible to find which essential oil will offer the best level of protection. However, it is likely to assume that some essential oils are likely to offer a measurable level of defense in the same way they do with many other known viruses. Methods: Literature relevant to various essential oils having antiviral activity has been collected and compiled. Various nanocarriers of essential oils have also been stated. The database was collected using various search engines such as J-Gate, Google Scholar, Sci-Hub, PubMed, ScienceDirect, etc. Results: Essential oils contain active constituents such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, etc., which are responsible for their biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and many more. However, the use of essential oils has always been limited due to poor solubility, solvent toxicity, volatility and low solubility. Many nanotechnology based carriers especially, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion and microemulsion, etc. have been evidenced to overcome limitations associated with essential oils. Conclusion: Several essential oils possess potent antiviral activity and are characterized by fewer side effects and are safe for human use. The nanocarrier systems of these oils have proved the potential to treat viral and bacterial infections. Lay Summary: Current COVID-19 era demands traditional treatment for immunity boost up as support therapy. Traditional ayurvedic medicines, mainly essential oils and Chinese herbs, have always played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of several epidemics and pandemics. Therefore, authors have summarized various essential oils having antiviral activity in current manuscript. Various nanocarriers of essential oils have been reported. Essential oils contain active constituents such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, etc., which are responsible for their biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity. However, the use of essential oils has always been limited due to poor solubility, solvent toxicity, volatility and low solubility. Many nanotechnology based carriers especially, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion and microemulsion, etc. have been evidenced to overcome limitations associated with essential oils. The nanocarrier systems of these oils have proved the potential to treat viral and bacterial infections.

scholarly journals The Effects of Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Natural Compounds on Homocysteine

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3081
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Atazadegan ◽  
Mohammad Bagherniya ◽  
Gholamreza Askari ◽  
Aida Tasbandi ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Background: Among non-communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in global communities. By 2030, CVD-related deaths are projected to reach a global rise of 25 million. Obesity, smoking, alcohol, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hyperhomocysteinemia are several known risk factors for CVDs. Elevated homocysteine is tightly related to CVDs through multiple mechanisms, including inflammation of the vascular endothelium. The strategies for appropriate management of CVDs are constantly evolving; medicinal plants have received remarkable attention in recent researches, since these natural products have promising effects on the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases. The effects of nutraceuticals and herbal products on CVD/dyslipidemia have been previously studied. However, to our knowledge, the association between herbal bioactive compounds and homocysteine has not been reviewed in details. Thus, the main objective of this study is to review the efficacy of bioactive natural compounds on homocysteine levels according to clinical trials and animal studies. Results: Based on animal studies, black and green tea, cinnamon, resveratrol, curcumin, garlic extract, ginger, and soy significantly reduced the homocysteine levels. According to the clinical trials, curcumin and resveratrol showed favorable effects on serum homocysteine. In conclusion, this review highlighted the beneficial effects of medicinal plants as natural, inexpensive, and accessible agents on homocysteine levels based on animal studies. Nevertheless, the results of the clinical trials were not uniform, suggesting that more well-designed trials are warranted.

A review of medicinal plants used in the Brazilian Cerrado for the treatment of fungal and bacterial infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 100523
Author(s):  
Jhonatas Emílio Ribeiro da Cruz ◽  
Hellyssa Cataryna Saldanha ◽  
Guilherme Ramos Oliveira e Freitas ◽  
Enyara Rezende Morais
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado

scholarly journals In VitroAntistaphylococcal Effects ofEmbelia schimperiExtracts and Their Component Embelin with Oxacillin and Tetracycline

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johana Rondevaldova ◽  
Olga Leuner ◽  
Alemtshay Teka ◽  
Ermias Lulekal ◽  
Jaroslav Havlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Bacterial infections are in less-developed countries traditionally treated by remedies prepared from medicinal plants.Embelia schimperi(Vatke) is a plant used as a taenicide or disinfectant in Ethiopia, very often taken mixed with another plant species. In the present study, we examined two extracts prepared from seeds and twigs with leaves ofE. schimperiand its main present secondary metabolite embelin for their antibacterial combinatory effect with oxacillin and tetracycline against sensitive and resistantStaphylococcus aureusstrains. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined through the broth microdilution method, whereas the combinatory effect was evaluated through fractional inhibitory concentration sum (ΣFIC) indices. Results show many positive interactions and synergy occurring in embelin and oxacillin combinations against 4 out of 9 strains (ΣFIC 0.203–0.477) and for embelin and tetracycline combination against 3 out of 9 strains (ΣFIC 0.400–0.496). Moreover, the resistance to oxacillin has been overcome in 2 strains and to tetracycline in 3 strains. According to our knowledge, this is the first study showing antimicrobial combinatory effect ofE. schimperias well as of embelin. These findings can be used for the further research targeted on the development of new antistaphylococcal agents.

SHIFTING PARADIGM FOR VALIDATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN INDIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (08) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Pulok K Mukherjee ◽  
◽  
Shiv Bahadur ◽  
Ranjit K Harwansh ◽  
Sushil K Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Scientific Validation

The use of herbal drugs for the prevention and treatment of various health ailments has been in practice from time immemorial. Scientific validation and documentation of indigenous knowledge to work on patenting and research based on literature are necessary for the growth of Indian system of medicine. The Indian government has taken several initiatives for promotion and development of medicinal plants. Traditional medicine plays an inevitable role in drug discovery and development. Most of the therapeutically useful molecules used in the present day are inspired by traditional medicine. Several thrust areas of research need to be focused to develop scientifically validated data on their quality, safety and efficacy, to improve the consumer’s need of modern days. The products developed through validation will be of immense use for the betterment of healthcare and will help the industries to compete with their products to export to other counties. A paradigm shift is required for the promotion and development of traditional medicine, which can significantly convey the important task in economic growth. An attempt has been made through this article to highlight the major thrust areas and challenges in medicinal plant research and development.

Mali

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Mamadou Bengaly Minthe ◽  
Assyatou Bobo Sow
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Traditional Therapy ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Medical Consultations ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

In Mali, there are no specific official programmes for the medical care of dementia. However, there is a law (decree 95-368/P-RM du 13 octobre 1995) that stipulates the free nature of medical consultations, with the elderly benefiting from a 50% reduction in costs of medical care. The challenge in the future would be the legislation for free treatment of psychiatric illnesses in general and of dementia in particular. The therapeutic approach to dementia care in Mali is multidimensional and includes spiritual, traditional (medicinal plants), and social therapy, which is the most important in the management of dementia. Daily recitation and teaching of the holy book (Quran) is part of prevention and treatment of dementia in current Sufi Islam. The cosmovision of Dogon (worldview of a culture or civilization, especially its relationship with the animated or environment) has its own method for the prevention and treatment of dementia. This chapter describes the sociological aspects, preventative measures, and traditional therapy (Dogon ethnopharmacology) of dementia.

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