scholarly journals In-Groups and Out-Groups

2016 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Jonathan Leicester
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Group Psychology ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Social Animals

Evolution by group selection is accepted as important in all social animals, and illustrated by examples. In-group and out-group psychology can be seen in young infants, it is an old function of the old brain, it favours the in-group and devalues outgroups, it is related to emotion, symbolism, loyalty, patriotism, honour, pride, aggression, sacrifice, and war. It is involved in personal identity, sense of self, and pride of place. It determines many beliefs.

Intentionality, Identity, and Delusions of Control in Schizophrenia: A Husserlian Perspective

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Conceptual Base ◽  
The Social ◽  
Active Processes ◽  
Complete Account

AbstractIn response to criticisms of phenomenology as being a solipsistic approach to psychological research and theory, this paper examines the interplay of both the creative/active and receptive/passive constituents of subjective experience identified in Husserl's exposition of intentional analysis. By delineating the ways in which intentional constitution requires passive as well as active processes, we come to see in the first part of this paper how experience and personal identity are as much formed and informed by the social and historical world as they are created by individual subjects. Once we have established the non-solipsistic nature of phenomenology, we then apply it in the second part of this paper to open a window onto the disorder of self long considered to be integral to schizophrenia. Through an exploration of the constitution of sense of self in the experiences of two people with schizophrenia, we see how cognitive disruptions, auditory hallucinations, and delusional ideation may be related to fundamental peculiarities in a person's experiences of intentionality and his/her resulting sense of agency and identity. In conclusion, we suggest that while phenomenology may not be able to provide a complete account of psychosis, it may be used to shed valuable, descriptive light on subjective aspects that provide a conceptual base for the consideration of other factors.

scholarly journals Congruency of Identity Style in Married Couples

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 912-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
JERRY L. COOK ◽  
RANDALL M. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Erik Erikson ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Identity Styles ◽  
Identity Style

According to Erik Erikson, identity is an important precursor to the satisfaction that one gains from intimate relationships during adulthood. Identity styles refer to the processes by which individuals construct and reconstruct their personal identity or sense of self. Berzonsky identified the following three identity styles (orientations): information orientation, characterized by exploration, evaluation, and use of self-relevant information; normative orientation, characterized by conformity to the expectations of significant others; and diffuse orientation, characterized by procrastination and avoidance. This study assessed the degree to which similarity in identity styles contributes to marital satisfaction among recently married couples ( N = 84 couples). Analyses indicate that (a) men report greater marital satisfaction than women, (b) couples with similar identity styles report greater marital satisfaction than couples with dissimilar identity styles, and (c) women's reports of marital satisfaction are more influenced (than men) by similarity of identity style.

scholarly journals Personal identity after an autism diagnosis: Relationships with self-esteem, mental wellbeing and diagnostic timing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Corden ◽  
Rebecca Brewer ◽  
Eilidh Cage
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Autism Diagnosis ◽  
The Impact

Adults and females are increasingly seeking autism diagnoses, although less is known about their experiences of diagnosis and personal identity (i.e., autism as part of ‘me’), and how this relates to self-esteem and wellbeing. One-hundred and fifty-one autistic adults (117 female) completed an online survey including measures of self-esteem, psychological wellbeing and autistic personal identity, which considered whether participants took pride in or were dissatisfied with being autistic. Fifty-four participants answered a qualitative question about the impact of receiving an autism diagnosis on their sense of self. Regression analyses found that more dissatisfaction with autistic personal identity predicted lower self-esteem, and more autism pride predicted higher self-esteem. We also found that greater time elapsed since diagnosis related to less dissatisfaction with autistic personal identity. Content analysis of participants’ experiences supported the quantitative findings and were suggestive of an emotive post-diagnostic adjustment process. Future research should aim to identify ways to promote the development of a positive autistic personal identity post-diagnosis in adulthood.

scholarly journals Frail, Independent, involved? Care and the Category of the Elderly in Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iza Kavedzija
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Familial Relations

This article examines how the category of the elderly in Japan is constructed through diverse forms of care, understood as moral practices intrinsic to peoples’ senses of self. It offers an analysis of a range of informal as well as institutional configurations of care in the Japanese urban context, highlighting the complexity as well as the overlapping nature of these diverse arrangements. It also explores ethnographically how older people experience these arrangements as they move through different sites of care, and how they negotiate the conflicting demands on their sense of self.  The various types of care at work in these settings all contribute to different understandings of older persons, and different constructions of the category of the elderly: as clients; as visitors or guests; as fragile ‘struggling persons’; as ‘grannies’ in familial relations; as (caring) neighbours. More than a handful of labels, these variable configurations of personal identity affect care practices and social relationships in direct and tangible ways.

scholarly journals Personal Identity After an Autism Diagnosis: Relationships With Self-Esteem, Mental Wellbeing, and Diagnostic Timing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Corden ◽  
Rebecca Brewer ◽  
Eilidh Cage
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Autism Diagnosis ◽  
The Impact

Adults are increasingly seeking autism diagnoses, although less is known about their experiences of diagnosis and personal identity (i.e., autism as part of “me”), and how this relates to self-esteem and wellbeing. One-hundred and fifty-one autistic adults completed an online survey including measures of self-esteem, psychological wellbeing, and autistic personal identity, which considered whether participants took pride in or were dissatisfied with being autistic. Fifty-four participants answered a qualitative question about the impact of receiving an autism diagnosis on their sense of self. Regression analyses found that greater time elapsed since diagnosis related to less dissatisfaction with autistic personal identity. We also found that more dissatisfaction with autistic personal identity predicted lower self-esteem, and more autism pride predicted higher self-esteem. Content analysis of participants’ experiences supported the quantitative findings and was suggestive of an emotive post-diagnostic adjustment process. Future research should aim to identify ways to promote the development of a positive autistic personal identity post-diagnosis in adulthood.

“In the Darkest Zones”

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. McCort
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Women Authors ◽  
Young Readers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Importance

This essay focuses specifically on the recent fairy-tale novels Coraline and A Tale Dark and Grimm as examples of gruesome, morally impactful modern fairy tales. Jessica R. McCort situates these particular books in relation to twentieth-century women authors’ dark fairy-tale revisions that emphasize identity development and the current cultural moment, a time in which mainstream American culture is obsessed with the darker side of fairy tales and the resurgence and rehabilitation of the fairy tale. Both Coraline and A Tale Dark and Grimm, filled with violence, gore, and horror, hearken back to the literary fairy tales that precede them and concentrate on the idea that children must learn to conquer their demons in order to achieve self-awareness. As McCort argues, these novels illustrate that children can gain, through textual encounters with the horrific, an enhanced sense of self and the power of bravery. In the end, this essay argues that these books are excellent examples of the social importance of maintaining terror as part of the texture of modern fairy tales for young readers, especially those in which the pursuit of personal identity is at the apple’s core.

The dialogue with alterity: narratives and the dialectic of identity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Stanghellini
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Basic Form

This chapter introduces the notion of ‘alterity’. The ‘You’ may take several forms in human life that are essential for personal identity and becoming. We may collectively call ‘alterity’ these forms of the ‘You’. Experiencing oneself as a person involves more than a sense of self-sameness. Our identity as a human person is a narrative identity that stems from the dialectics between what we are and the alterity that we encounter in our life. It introduces the concept of ‘narrative identity’ as one basic form of dialogue with alterity. Mental health is the equilibrate dialectic and proportion between sedimentation and innovation, that is, between the alterity that comes manifest through the encounter with one’s un-chosen, ‘involuntary’ disposition or with an event, and the capacity of the person to cope with, modulate, appropriate, and make sense of them.

Paul’s paideia: Creating a strong sense of self

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Andy Stirrup
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Young People ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Youth Ministry ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Youth Ministers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

While youth ministers may argue over which ministry model is best or works best, one thing that all are agreed on is that the teenage years are tremendously important in terms of building a sense of personal identity. There are different ways in which young people can go about constructing a sense of who I am and where I fit, but not all of them are sturdy enough and sufficient enough to see them through the sometimes turbulent years of adolescence and to offer a secure platform from which to engage generously with the world. Written to provoke those who teach youth ministry to think about the models we assume within our teaching. This essay draws on the social sciences to look at two different ways in which we might think about ourselves and then turns to Paul’s letter to the Philippians to consider a robust and satisfying alternative.

scholarly journals A Continuous Illusion of Having a Sixth Finger

Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 807-821
Author(s):  
Denise Cadete ◽  
Matthew R. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Mirror Box ◽  
Illusory Perception ◽  
Extended Duration ◽  
Multisensory Illusions

Our body is central to our sense of self and personal identity, yet it can be manipulated in the laboratory in surprisingly easy ways. Several multisensory illusions have shown the flexibility of the mental representation of our bodies by inducing the illusion of owning an artificial body part or having a body part with altered features. Recently, new studies showed we can embody additional body parts such as a supernumerary finger. Newport et al. recently reported a novel six-finger illusion using conflicting visual and tactile signals induced with the mirror box to create the illusory perception of having a sixth finger for a brief moment. In this study, we aimed to replicate this result and to investigate whether the experience of embodiment of a sixth finger could be prolonged for an extended duration by applying continuous visual–tactile stimulation. Results showed that a continuous illusion of having a sixth finger can be clearly induced. This shows that the six-finger illusion does not reflect merely a momentary confusion due to conflicting multisensory signals but can reflect an enduring representation of a supernumerary finger.

‘Dazed and Confused!’ Context and Social Disconnect in the Time of Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348
Author(s):  
Olivier Piguet
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Animals ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHumans are social animals. Our sense of identity and ‘self’ is defined in part by the roles we perform in the social groups to which we belong. This article discusses some of the variables that contribute to our sense of self, including language, place of origin, education and shared social norms. It also outlines some of the general mechanisms that underpin our various social networks. In its final part, this article reviews the impact of social isolation, such as that happened during the COVID pandemic, on these social mechanisms and the resulted disruption of psychological wellbeing in individuals diagnosed with dementia.

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