Introduction to Conventional Wastewater Treatment Technologies: Limitations and Recent Advances

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Conventional Wastewater Treatment

The rapid growth of the industries and population leads to increasing generation of industrial and municipal wastewater. This wastewater threatens directly or indirectly the human health and industrial processes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rapid, simple, eco-friendly, effective, and efficient method for eliminating pollutants from industrial and municipal wastewater. The wastewater treatment aims to remove pollutants including particles, organic/inorganic substances, and pathogenic microorganisms, and finally returned to the cycle. This chapter presents a brief introduction to the issue associated with municipal and industrial wastewater. Also, this chapter presents detailed information about the conventional wastewater treatment methods. Specifically, it discusses the steps involved in the wastewater treatment viz. primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment.

Introduction to Conventional Wastewater Treatment Technologies: Limitations and Recent Advances

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Conventional Wastewater Treatment

The rapid growth of the industries and population leads to increasing generation of industrial and municipal wastewater. This wastewater threatens directly or indirectly the human health and industrial processes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rapid, simple, eco-friendly, effective, and efficient method for eliminating pollutants from industrial and municipal wastewater. The wastewater treatment aims to remove pollutants including particles, organic/inorganic substances, and pathogenic microorganisms, and finally returned to the cycle. This chapter presents a brief introduction to the issue associated with municipal and industrial wastewater. Also, this chapter presents detailed information about the conventional wastewater treatment methods. Specifically, it discusses the steps involved in the wastewater treatment viz. primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment.

scholarly journals Microbial reduction in wastewater treatment using Fe3+ and Al3+ coagulants and PAA disinfectant

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra K. Pradhan ◽  
Ari Kauppinen ◽  
Kati Martikainen ◽  
Tarja Pitkänen ◽  
Jaana Kusnetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Norovirus Gii

Wastewater is an important source of pathogenic enteric microorganisms in surface water and a major contaminating agent of drinking water. Although primary and secondary wastewater treatments reduce the numbers of microorganisms in wastewater, significant numbers of microbes can still be present in the effluent. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of tertiary treatment for municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using PIX (FeCl3) or PAX (AlCl3) coagulants and peracetic acid (PAA) the disinfectant to reduce microbial load in effluent. Our study showed that both PIX and PAX efficiently reduced microbial numbers. PAA disinfection greatly reduced the numbers of culturable indicator microorganisms (Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci, F-specific RNA coliphages and somatic DNA coliphages). In addition, pathogenic microorganisms, thermotolerant Campylobacter, Salmonella and norovirus GI, were successfully reduced using the tertiary treatments. In contrast, clostridia, Legionella, rotavirus, norovirus GII and adenovirus showed better resistance against PAA compared to the other microorganisms. However, interpretation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis results will need further studies to clarify the infectivity of the pathogenic microbes. In conclusion, PIX and PAX flocculants followed by PAA disinfectant can be used as a tertiary treatment for municipal WWTP effluents to reduce the numbers of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Assessment of Microplastics in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant with Tertiary Treatment: Removal Efficiencies and Loading per Day into the Environment

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Javier Bayo ◽  
Sonia Olmos ◽  
Joaquín López-Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Wastewater Samples

This study investigates the removal of microplastics from wastewater in an urban wastewater treatment plant located in Southeast Spain, including an oxidation ditch, rapid sand filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection. A total of 146.73 L of wastewater samples from influent and effluent were processed, following a density separation methodology, visual classification under a stereomicroscope, and FTIR analysis for polymer identification. Microplastics proved to be 72.41% of total microparticles collected, with a global removal rate of 64.26% after the tertiary treatment and within the average retention for European WWTPs. Three different shapes were identified: i.e., microfiber (79.65%), film (11.26%), and fragment (9.09%), without the identification of microbeads despite the proximity to a plastic compounding factory. Fibers were less efficiently removed (56.16%) than particulate microplastics (90.03%), suggesting that tertiary treatments clearly discriminate between forms, and reporting a daily emission of 1.6 × 107 microplastics to the environment. Year variability in microplastic burden was cushioned at the effluent, reporting a stable performance of the sewage plant. Eight different polymer families were identified, LDPE film being the most abundant form, with 10 different colors and sizes mainly between 1–2 mm. Future efforts should be dedicated to source control, plastic waste management, improvement of legislation, and specific microplastic-targeted treatment units, especially for microfiber removal.

Typology of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Technologies in Latin America

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 926-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Noyola ◽  
Alejandro Padilla-Rivera ◽  
Juan Manuel Morgan-Sagastume ◽  
Leonor Patricia Güereca ◽  
Flor Hernández-Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies

scholarly journals Advances in Synthesis and Applications of Microalgal Nanoparticles for Wastewater Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Agarwal ◽  
Ritika Gupta ◽  
Neeraj Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Microalgae Culture ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Rapid Industrialization

Rapid industrialization, economic development, and population overgrowth are the major reasons responsible for the release of organic and inorganic substances into the environment, further leading to environmental pollution and contamination of water. Nowadays, it is truism that wastewater treatment has raised concern worldwide and is the need of the hour. Therefore, it is necessary to conserve sustainable energy and adopt advanced wastewater treatment technologies. Microalgae culture is gaining tremendous attention as it provides a combined benefit of treating wastewater as a growth medium and algae biomass production which can be used for several livestock purposes. Microalgae are ubiquitous and extremely diverse microorganisms which can accumulate toxic contaminants and heavy metals from wastewater, making them superior contender to become a powerful nanofactory. Furthermore, they are versatile, relatively convenient, and easy to handle, along with various other advantages such as synthesis can be performed at low temperature with greater energy efficiency, less toxicity, and low risk to the environment. Comparing with other organisms such as fungi, yeast, and bacteria, microalgae are equally important organisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles; therefore, the study of algae-mediated biosynthesis of nanometals can be taken towards a newer branch and it has been termed as phytonanotechnology. Here, an overview of recent advances in wastewater treatment processes through an amalgamation of nanoparticles and microalgae is provided.

Erratum: Typology of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Technologies in Latin America

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1208-1209
Author(s):  
Adalberto Noyola ◽  
Alejandro Padilla-Rivera ◽  
Juan Manuel Morgan-Sagastume ◽  
Leonor Patricia Güereca ◽  
Flor Hernández-Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Identification of pathogen bacteria and protozoa in treated urban wastewaters discharged in the Ebro River (Spain): water reuse possibilities

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mosteo ◽  
M. P. Ormad ◽  
P. Goñi ◽  
J. Rodríguez-Chueca ◽  
A. García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

The aim of this research work is to identify the presence of pathogens, bacteria and protozoa, in different treated urban wastewaters and to relate biological pollution with the processes used in wastewater treatment plants. A study of the possibilities for water reuse is carried out taking into account bacterial and parasite composition. The analysed bacteria and protozoa are: Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens (spore), Salmonella spp., Legionella spp., helminths eggs, Giardia, Cryptosporidium spp. and free-living amoebae (FLA). The selected municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs) are located in Navarra (Spain) and the main difference between them is the use of natural lagoons as tertiary treatment in some plants. The results concerning bacteriological identification showed contamination of mainly faecal origin, and the use of natural lagoons as tertiary treatment in some MWTPs produced an important disinfection effect. Moreover, pathogen parasites such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium were not detected in the samples studied although FLA were identified in all cases.

Protecting our Great Lakes: assessing the effectiveness of wastewater treatments for the removal of chemicals of emerging concern

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonette Arvai ◽  
Gary Klecka ◽  
Saad Jasim ◽  
Henryk Melcer ◽  
Michael T. Laitta
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Water System ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
International Joint Commission ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

The Great Lakes and their connecting channels form the largest fresh surface water system on earth. Over the past 10 years, focus on environmental monitoring has shifted to an array of recently discovered compounds known as ‘chemicals of emerging concern’ (CEC). These chemicals are found in products used daily in households, businesses, agriculture and industry, such as flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides. Wastewater treatment plants are among the important pathways by which CEC enter the Great Lakes, with concentrations highest in the vicinity of wastewater discharges. Treated sewage is often discharged into the nearshore waters, which also provide a source of drinking water to the public. In 2009–2011, the International Joint Commission addressed the need to assess the effectiveness of existing wastewater treatment technologies in the basin to remove CEC, as well as to gain insight on potential advanced technologies to improve their removal. This assessment encompassed three major activities, development of an inventory of municipal wastewater treatment plants that discharge in the basin; a survey of detailed operational data for selected wastewater facilities; and a comprehensive literature review and analysis of the effectiveness of various wastewater treatment technologies to remove chemicals of emerging concern.

scholarly journals Adsorptive Removal of Phosphate From Wastewater Using Ethiopian Rift Pumice: Batch Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117862212096965
Author(s):  
Yohannis Fetene ◽  
Taffere Addis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Column Adsorption

Phosphorous from municipal and industrial wastewater is the main cause of eutrophication of rivers and lakes, because effluent quality from conventional secondary wastewater treatment plants does not meet the discharge standard that demands further treatment. Therefore, we investigated pumice as a potential low-cost adsorbent for the tertiary treatment of phosphate from municipal wastewater. The phosphate adsorption process reached equilibrium after 60 minutes contact time and achieved a removal efficiency of 94.4% ± 0.7% for an adsorbent dose of 10 g/L in 3 mg/L phosphate solution. The highest phosphate removal was recorded at pH 7. The experimental data best fitted with the Redlich-Peterson isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The coexisting anions decreased phosphate adsorption in the order of mixture >SO42– > HCO3− > NO3− > Cl− > CO3−. Pumice removed 95% ± 0.2% of phosphate from effluents of the secondary treatment unit of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Furthermore, effective regeneration of saturated pumice was possible with a 0.2 M NaOH solution. Therefore, pumice could be a technically workable low-cost reusable adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater as a tertiary treatment to curb eutrophication of surface waters. However, further column adsorption study is recommended for a continuous flow system to optimize process design variables and scale up for field applications.

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