Traditional and alternative techniques of Chilgoza Pine (Pinus gerardiana Wall.ex D. Don) nut harvesting and processing in Afghanistan.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 5011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiullah Khurram ◽  
Mohammad Nasir Shalizi*
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Tree Health ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Pinus Gerardiana

Chilgoza pine nut is an important non-timber forest product (NTFP) of Afghanistan. Chilgoza pine cones reach at maturity in August and cone collection continues until the end of September. Local communities and or contractors harvest pine cones from chilgoza trees every year. Usually, chilgoza pine cones are harvested unsustainably in Afghanistan. People harvest cones from chilgoza trees without considering tree health and natural regeneration. The extraction process of pine nut is also unsustainable and time consuming. In this study, we investigated traditional chilgoza pine cone harvesting and pine nut extraction techniques across the chilgoza pine range in Afghanistan. Our study revealed that mostly chilgoza pine cones are collected by contractors however, this trend is region dependent. In the eastern provinces, cones are predominantly harvested by villagers; while in southern provinces cones are usually harvested by contractors. Cones of chilgoza pine is collected with a sharp hook attached to the end of a long stick and or small axes. The most common method of cone drying is sun and air dry. Once dried, scales of the cones open naturally and pine nuts are extracted by beating the cones with a stick or over a hard surface. Traditional methods can be replaced by use of better harvesting equipment and extraction techniques. With the use of better equipment, damages can be reduced to trees during cone harvesting.

scholarly journals Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Using an Optimised Dual Extraction Process to Study Human Brain Cancer Cells and Tissues

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Alison Woodward ◽  
Alina Pandele ◽  
Salah Abdelrazig ◽  
Catherine A. Ortori ◽  
Iqbal Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Serum Starvation ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Dual Extraction

The integration of untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics from the same population of cells or tissue enhances the confidence in the identified metabolic pathways and understanding of the enzyme–metabolite relationship. Here, we optimised a simultaneous extraction method of metabolites/lipids and RNA from ependymoma cells (BXD-1425). Relative to established RNA (mirVana kit) or metabolite (sequential solvent addition and shaking) single extraction methods, four dual-extraction techniques were evaluated and compared (methanol:water:chloroform ratios): cryomill/mirVana (1:1:2); cryomill-wash/Econospin (5:1:2); rotation/phenol-chloroform (9:10:1); Sequential/mirVana (1:1:3). All methods extracted the same metabolites, yet rotation/phenol-chloroform did not extract lipids. Cryomill/mirVana and sequential/mirVana recovered the highest amounts of RNA, at 70 and 68% of that recovered with mirVana kit alone. sequential/mirVana, involving RNA extraction from the interphase of our established sequential solvent addition and shaking metabolomics-lipidomics extraction method, was the most efficient approach overall. Sequential/mirVana was applied to study a) the biological effect caused by acute serum starvation in BXD-1425 cells and b) primary ependymoma tumour tissue. We found (a) 64 differentially abundant metabolites and 28 differentially expressed metabolic genes, discovering four gene-metabolite interactions, and (b) all metabolites and 62% lipids were above the limit of detection, and RNA yield was sufficient for transcriptomics, in just 10 mg of tissue.

scholarly journals Investigation of element migration characteristics and product properties during biomass pyrolysis: a case study of pine cones rich in nitrogen

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (55) ◽  
pp. 34795-34805
Author(s):  
Jielong Wu ◽  
Liangcai Wang ◽  
Huanhuan Ma ◽  
Jianbin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Behavior ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Element Migration ◽  
Pine Cones

To further understand the element migration characteristics and product properties during biomass pyrolysis, herein, pine cone (PC) cellulose and PC lignin were prepared, and their pyrolysis behavior was determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

Pine cone mold: a toolbox for fabricating unique metal/carbon nanohybrid electrocatalysts

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (48) ◽  
pp. 23241-23250
Author(s):  
Hyunwoo Han ◽  
Seonmyeong Noh ◽  
Sunbin Chae ◽  
Semin Kim ◽  
Yunseok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Materials ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Pine Cones

Nature presents delicate and complex materials systems beyond those fathomable by humans. This work demonstrates the use of pine cones as a biomass mold for creating new metal/carbon nanohybrids.

scholarly journals Extraction of Antioxidants from Blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius L.): Comparison between Ultrasound- and Microwave-Assisted Extraction Techniques

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrella Espada-Bellido ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Ceferino Carrera ◽  
Miguel Palma ◽  
José A. Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Precision Study ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
High Concentrations

Berries are considered functional food because of their potential health benefits to consumers due to their high concentrations in bioactive compounds. The extraction process of their antioxidant compounds is a crucial step. In this work, ultrasound (UAE) and microwave (MAE) assisted extraction have been evaluated and compared for the recovery of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total anthocyanins (TA) from blackberry. Since several variables have an influence on the extraction processes efficiency, a response surface method using a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was chosen for the optimization of UAE and MAE variables. Six variables (solvent, temperature, amplitude, cycle, pH, and sample:solvent ratio) were optimized for UAE while the optimization for MAE was performed on four variables (solvent, temperature, pH, and sample:solvent ratio). It has been proven that solvent and temperature have a significant influence on the extraction of both TA and TPC. Only 10 and 5 min were necessary to complete the UAE and MAE procedures, respectively. A precision study was also carried out, and coefficient of variation lower than 5% was determined. Non-significant differences were obtained when using UAE and MAE at their respective optimum conditions. Thus, the results demonstrated a successful potential use of both techniques for the extraction of TA and TPC from blackberry. In conclusion, this work shows interesting perspectives for quality control analytical laboratories for the development of rapid extraction techniques to quantify these antioxidant compounds in blackberries.

scholarly journals Habitat Preference of Auriscalpium vulgare Gray Inhabiting Slash and Burn Affected Khasi Pine Cones of India

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Das ◽  
A. Chettri ◽  
H. Kayang
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Khasi Pine

Slash and burn shifting cultivation or jhum is the predominant form of land use pattern in the hilly terain of northeast India. Impact of jhum practice on Auriscalpium vulgare growing on the female Khasi pine cone was studied. The period of mature cone falling proceeds after the slash and burn activity, hence only 1:3 escapes the burning practice. During the assessment, burned and unburned cones were assigned to coarse woody debris (CWD) and classified into three girth classes: small (≤10 cm), intermediate (>10 to ≤13 cm) and large (>13 cm). The mean number of basidiocarps in burned cones was significantly higher than unburned ones (p<0.00001). A significant linear relationship between girth size of burned cones and number of basidiocarps was observed (r = 0.736; p<0.01). The study reveals that maximum number of fungi thrives on the burned cones (anthropogenically disturbed) of pine and girth size affects the number of basidiocarp. Key words: burned and unburned pine cones; coarse woody debris (CWD); Khasi pine; slash and burnDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2551Our Nature (2009) 7:32-38

scholarly journals Detection of Pine Cones in Natural Environment Using Improved YOLOv4 Deep Learning Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ze Luo ◽  
Yizhuo Zhang ◽  
Keqi Wang ◽  
Liping Sun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Output Dimension ◽  
Pine Cones

Achieving the rapid and accurate detection of pine cones in the natural environment is essential for yield estimation and automatic picking. However, the complex background and tiny target pose a significant challenge to pine cone detection. This paper proposes a pine cone detection method using the improved You Only Look Once (YOLO) version 4 algorithm to overcome these challenges. First, the original pine cone image data come from a natural pine forest. Crawler technology is utilized to collect more pine cone images from the Internet to expand the data set. Second, the densely connected convolution network (DenseNet) structure is introduced in YOLOv4 to improve feature reuse and network performance. In addition, the backbone network is pruned to reduce the computational complexity and keep the output dimension unchanged. Finally, for the problem of feature fusion at different scales, an improved neck network is designed using the scale-equalizing pyramid convolution (SEPC). The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv4 model is better than the original YOLOv4 network; the average values of precision, recall, and AP reach 96.1%, 90.1%, and 95.8%; the calculation amount of the model is reduced by 21.2%; the detection speed is fast enough to meet the real-time requirements. This research could serve as a technical reference for estimating yields and automating the picking of pine cones.

Rule based Text Extraction from a Bibliographic Database

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Veena Makhija ◽  
Swapnil Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Information Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Bibliographic Database ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Text Extraction ◽  
Selection Of

<p>The emergent concept of ‘ Big Data’ has shifted the paradigm from information retrieval to information extraction techniques. The information extraction techniques enables corpus analysis to draw useful interpretations and its possible applications. Selection of appropriate information extraction technique depends upon the type of data being dealt with and its possible applications. In an R&amp;D environment, the published information is considered as an authenticated benchmark to study and analyse the growth pattern in that field of science, medicine, business. A rule based information extraction process, on the selected data extracted from a bibliographic database of published R&amp;D papers is proposed in this paper. Aim of the study is to build up a database on relevant concepts, cleaning of retrieved data and automate the process of information retrieval in the local database. For this purpose, a concept based ‘subject profiles’ in the area of advanced semiconductors as well as the rules for text extraction from metadata retrieved from the bibliographic database was developed. This subset was used as an input to the knowledge domain to support R&amp;D in the area of ‘advanced semiconductor materials and devices’ and provide information services on Intranet. Study found that concept based pattern matching on the datasets downloaded yielded better results as compared to the results by using the controlled vocabulary of the source database .</p>

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONE CROP SIZE AND CONE DAMAGE BY INSECTS IN RED PINE SEED-PRODUCTION AREAS

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Cone Damage

AbstractAnnual cone abundance and insect damage to cones are highly variable in red pine seed-production areas. Cone crop size fluctuates almost unpredictably from year to year, but the number of insect-attacked cones tends to increase annually unless limited by cone abundance. Sixty-six per cent of the variation in cone damage can be associated with variations in cone abundance. This information, coupled with the fact that red pine cone insects are almost entirely dependent on red pine cones for food, implies that crop size is highly important in regulating populations of cone insects. Insects will be most devastating in areas where crop size varies little from year to year.

scholarly journals Social and Economic Impacts of Community Managed Reforestation and Natural Regeneration of Forestry Development, the Case of Humbo District, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asamere Wolde ◽  
Tadesse Amsalu ◽  
Molla Mekonnen Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
East And West

This study was undertaken in Humbo District, Ethiopia. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of reforestation initiatives on the socio-economy of the rural households brought by the existence of the Community Managed Natural Regeneration (CMNR) project. Four Kebeles (administration units in a district) were selected for the study, based on their geographical location. One Kebele Administration (KAs) from four corners (North, South, East and West) of the closure area was selected. A total of 203 households were involved in the survey. Data were generated through questionnaire, FGDs, KIIs, and physical observation. The study depicted that respondent households were participating in the designation process and subsequent management of the Humbo CMNR project which in fact is considered to be good indicator for its sustainability. They also have good perception on planting trees, reforestation programs and on the ownership of forests as well. It was noted that in some of the surveyed KAs, drought, water constraints and strong wind are the main challenges of the communities. There are available institutional setups and bylaws to manage and protect the forest which was formulated by many stakeholders including local communities. To mention some; bylaws workable for penalizing illegal intrusion into the closure, igniting fire on the forest and benefit sharing.

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