SET UP ERRORS AND RECOMMENDED SAFETY MARGINS IN THE PELVIC RADIOTHERAPY FIELDS OF CANCER CERVIX PATIENTS: AN INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE
INTRODUCTION: Uncertainty exists in radiotherapy delivery due to daily patients set up errors resulting in a difference between planned and delivered dose. The conformal radiotherapy requires reduced margins around the clinical target volume (CTV) with respect to traditional radiotherapy technique and hence these positioning errors are accounted in CTV-PTV margin calculations. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the set up errors and find out the optimum safety margins for the anterior and lateral fields of pelvis in the patients of cancer cervix treated with 3DCRT by four field box technique. The secondary objective was to study the adequacy of safety margin using the dosimetric and volumetric DVH data. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Study was conducted on twenty one patients of cancer cervix. All patients were immobilsed by full body Vaclok cushions. The radiotherapy to whole pelvis was planned by four field (Anterio-posterior, Posterio-anterior and two laterals) box technique with shielding of corners using multieaf collimators in Varian CLINAC 2300C/D. Weekly EPID images were acquired with Varian aS500 for each patient and were compared with the DRR images using the Portal Vision (Version 7.3.10). The displacement of EPID image from the DRR image was measured by defining reproducible bony landmarks in directions- X (Left to right (LR)), Z (Superior to inferior (SI)) in Anterio-posterior field, and Y (Anterior to posterior (AP)) in lateral field. The systematic and random set up errors for individual and population were calculated. Then the adequate safety margins were calculated by Stroom’s formula. RESULTS: A total of 242 images (42 DRR images and 200 portal images) and 363 match points were evaluated. Set up errors were -7.9 to 8.1mm (LR), -7.3 to 7.3mm (AP) and -9.9 to 8.2mm (SI). The individual systematic errors ranged from -6.6 to 4.9mm (LR), -4.9 to 3.5mm (AP) and -6.3 to 6.5mm (SI) while the individual random errors ranged from 0.5 to 8.3mm (LR), 0.7 to 5.2mm (AP) and 1.1 to 4.6mm (SI). The adequate safety margins which ensures at least 95% of prescribed dose to 99% of the CTV calculated by using Stroom’s formula were 7.9mm (LR), 7.0mm (AP) and 9.1mm (SI). The effect of dose was calculated by simulating a plan by shifting the isocenter along the three axes, where each shift corresponds to the displacement. Dose received by 99% of CTV volume for treatment plans with and without shifts was 99.51±0.81 and 98.63±1.46 respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study, the effect of the systematic errors and the random errors on dose distribution shows that the safety margin of 1 cm appears to be adequate for all the patients.