Evaluation of Serum Beta-2 Microglobulin as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Leukoplakia

Background: The delay in diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a factor in rendering the poor prognosis, and recent research has explored the use of serum tumour markers such Beta 2 Microglobulin (B2M), to aid early diagnosis. However, despite a high incidence of OSCC in Southeast Asia, no studies on the clinical use of B2M in the region were found. Objectives: To determine if serum B2M level can serve as an initial diagnostic tool to indicate if a biopsy is warranted, and if so, to propose a local B2M serum reference value to identify OSSC patients. Methodology: Twenty-one patients were seen at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) for a one-year period, between June 2016 and June 2017, and equal number of healthy controls participated in the study. Apart from patient history, venous blood of approximately 5ml volume was collected from each subject at the pre-treatment stage and analysed by an Abbot ARCHITECT c8000 analyser using the immunoturbidimetry method. The results were analysed using ROC analysis and the Mann Whitney test. Results: Serum B2M levels showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.001) in patients compared to controls. The test was shown to have 90.5% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity. It was found to be a sensitive and specific serum tumour marker at a cut off value of 1.57mg/l to differentiate cases from controls. Conclusion: B2M is a sensitive and specific tumour marker to differentiate OSCC cases from controls. It is cost effective and minimally invasive, making it a potentially useful adjunct diagnostic tool in a high-risk patient pool. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.729-735

Download Full-text

A cross sectional study to compare serum beta 2 microglobulin levels in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20193114 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 2761

Author(s):

S. R. Kulkarni ◽

Yogesh Prakash Garud

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Precancerous Lesions ◽

Group A ◽

Beta 2 ◽

Group B ◽

Beta 2 Microglobulin

Background: One of the major health problems in the world is cancer. More than 11 million people are diagnosed yearly with cancer. Oral cancer is one of the deadliest cancers. Oral cancer is generally preceded by precancerous lesions. India has highest number of oral cancer patients. β2 microglobulin (β2 m) is one of the tumor markers.Methods: We are correlating serum levels of beta 2 microglobulin in leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. In our study, the serum β2 m levels were estimated in 2 groups of 30 subjects each with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) designated as Group A, 30 subjects with oral leukoplakia designated as Group B.Results: There were majority of participants from age group of 51 to 70 years (Group A-60%, Group B-53.33%). Group A had majority of females 20 (66.67%) while males were 10 (33.33%). Group B had majority of males 18 (60.00%) while females were 12 (40.00%). Major adverse habit was tobacco chewing (83.33% Group A and 73.33% in group B). Most common site was Left BM. Right BM was second. There was significant association between the groups and serum β2 m levels. Mean levels of Group A patients were 3.13±0.47 mg/L and Group B 1.43±0.29 mg/L.Conclusions: Adverse habits like tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol increase chances of oral cancers and precancerous lesions. Significant correlation between oral cell carcinoma cases and serum β2 m levels is seen.

Download Full-text

Association between the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83362-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kenji Yamagata ◽

Satoshi Fukuzawa ◽

Naomi Ishibashi-Kanno ◽

Fumihiko Uchida ◽

Hiroki Bukawa

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Prognostic Marker ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractThe systemic inflammatory response is known to be associated with poor outcomes in patients with various types of cancer. The C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin (Alb) ratio (CAR) has been reported as a novel inflammation-based prognostic marker. We have evaluated the prognostic value of inflammatory markers for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The study population included 205 patients treated with OSCC between 2013 and 2018. The primary predictor variable was the inflammatory markers. The primary outcome variable was overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazards model to identify independent prognostic factors. The CAR had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values compared with other markers in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The cutoff value for CAR was 0.032 (AUC 0.693, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in OS when patients were stratified according to CAR, with 79.1% for CAR < 0.032 and 35% for CAR ≥ 0.032 (P < 0.001). Cox multivariate analysis identified independent predictive factors for OS: age (hazard ratio [HR] 2.155, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.262–3.682; P = 0.005), stage (HR 3.031, 95% CI 1.576–5.827; P = 0.001), and CAR (HR 2.859, 95% CI 1.667–4.904; P < 0.001). CAR (≥ 0.032 vs. < 0.032) is a good prognostic marker in patients with OSCC in terms of age and stage.

Download Full-text