scholarly journals Factors of Religious Tolerance Formation (Based on a Sociological Survey of the Urban Population of Dagestan)

Islamovedenie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Madina Magomedkamilovna Shakhbanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Religious Intolerance

The problem of interreligious tolerance, the nature of relations between followers of different faiths is actualized in the multi-confessional and multi-ethnic space. As part of the study of religious identity and cult behavior of the urban population of Dagestan, the issue of religious tolerance, as well as factors of deterioration in the interreligious sphere, was touched upon. Empirical data show that the spread of new religious movements, alien to traditional Islam, appearance of political parties and leaders using religious feelings of the population for political ends, the desire of Islamic organi-zations to get an exclusive position in Dagestani society and the struggle and ambitions of spiritual leaders (imams) for influence, – all contribute to religious intolerance in contemporary Dagestani society. In the mass consciousness of urban population in general, one can observe a positive atti-tude towards proselytism and proselytizing activities, although the subgroups identifying themselves as unbelievers and vocal unbelievers emphasize the destructive role of this process with the motiva-tion of deteriorating, firstly, the ethnic situation, and, secondly, the inter-religious relations in socie-ty. In addition, empirical data show that the urban population surveyed believes that the main func-tion of clergy is public ministry, assistance to the needy, spiritual and moral education. At the same time religious organizations are viewed as unable to effectively resolve the problems of interethnic confrontation and ethnic conflicts.

Dialogue or Confrontation?

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ringo Ringvee
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Neoliberal Governance ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
Liberal Attitude

The article focuses on the relations between the state , mainstream religions and new religious movements in Estonia from the early 1990s until today. Estonia has been known as one of highly secular and religiously liberal countries. During the last twenty years Estonian religious scene has become considerably more pluralist, and there are many different religious traditions represented in Estonia. The governmental attitude toward new religious movements has been rather neutral, and the practice of multi-tier recognition of religious associations has not been introduced. As Estonia has been following neoliberal governance also in the field of religion, the idea that the religious market should regulate itself has been considered valid. Despite of the occasional conflicts between the parties in the early 1990s when the religious market was created the tensions did decrease in the following years. The article argues that one of the fundamental reasons for the liberal attitude towards different religious associations by the state and neutral coexistence of different traditions in society is that Estonian national identity does not overlap with any particular religious identity.

The Role of Women in the Development of New Religious Movements in Latin America

2021 ◽  
pp. 346-364
Author(s):  
Angel Belzunegui Eraso ◽  
David Dueñas Cid
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
Religious Plurality ◽  
New Religions ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Latin American Countries

In this chapter we focus on the growth of “new religions” and new religious movements in Latin America and attempt to find explanations for this growth. Although other explanations for the increase in religious plurality exist, we focus on the role of women in this development. The expansion of movements such as Pentecostalism is challenging the centrality of Catholicism in many Latin American countries. Basically, we therefore aim to answer the following question: Why has Pentecostalism grown so much in some Latin American countries while Catholicism has experienced a certain decline? One possible explanation for this is the role of women in this expansion, which has fostered greater social cohesion within families and communities. Pentecostalism has led to a certain empowerment of the women living in precarious conditions, affording them greater visibility and importance within their communities and giving them a role in the re-education of behaviours that are rooted in male domination.

scholarly journals Trading on faith: religious movements and informal economic governance in Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Class Formation ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Role Of Religion

ABSTRACTThe pressures of economic crisis and reform that have gripped African societies have been accompanied by a proliferation of new religious movements. Amid concerns about the political impact of religious revivalism, little attention has been devoted to their economic implications. Focusing on the remarkable coincidence between the withdrawal of the state, the rise of religious movements, and the dramatic expansion of the informal economy, this paper examines the role of religious revivalism in processes of informal economic governance and class formation in contemporary Africa. Against the background of the historical role of religion in the development of market institutions across the continent, it traces the dynamics of religious revivalism and informal economic regulation in two regions of Nigeria. Rather than representing a return to occultist or patrimonial impulses, new religious movements reveal distinctly Weberian tendencies. However, modernising tendencies fostered within the informal economy by popular religious revivalism are being stunted by the relentless pressures of liberalisation, globalisation and pseudo-democratisation. Progressive religious tendencies among the poor are being instrumentalised by religious entrepreneurs and political elites, undermining fragile processes of entrepreneurial class formation taking place within the informal economy.

"I Saw You Disappear with My Own Eyes": Hidden Transcripts of New York Black Israelite Bricolage

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Dorman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
African American ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
Black Religion ◽  
Secret Societies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sunday Schools

To date, scholars have tended to view Black Israelites as mercenary, derivative, or imitative. However, this microhistorical reading of the public, partial, and hidden transcripts of New York Rabbi Wentworth Arthur Matthew's beliefs and ritual practices demonstrates that Black Israelites did not simply imitate Jews, but rather they were bricoleurs who constructed a polycultural religion that creatively reworked threads from religious faiths, secret societies, and magical grimoires. Black Israelite religious identity was imagined and performed in sidewalk lectures and in Marcus Garvey's Liberty Hall; it was embodied through Caribbean pageants, and acted out in parades. Black Israelism was lived through secret Spiritualist and Kabbalistic rituals, and taught openly through Sunday Schools and Masonic affiliates. Finally, it was an identity that was formed and performed in a mixture of Sanctified and Judaic rites. Print culture, performance, and complex social networks were all important to the imagination and realization of this new Israelite religious identity. Recognizing the subversive quality of this bricolage and the complexity of its partial and hidden transcripts belies attempts to exclude esoteric African American new religious movements from the categories of protest religion and black religion. When one combines the study of Black Israelism with similar studies of African American NRM's of the 1920s, it is possible to appreciate a remarkable wave of overlapping esoteric religious creativity that accompanied the much more famous artistic creativity of the Harlem Renaissance.

scholarly journals VIHARA DAN PLURALISME PADA MASA JAWA KUNA ABAD VIII – XI MASEHI (TINJAUAN DATA PRASASTI)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Agni Sesaria Mochtar
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

The era of reformation in Indonesia was supposedly articulated with the pluralism of the society. Sadly, many cases regarding religious and ethnic conflicts pronounced the opposite, whereas pluralism and religious tolerance were two of the main characters of the nation since the days of the ancestors. The legacy of those two characters is actually able to be observed through cultural heritage, as a messenger from the past. This study examines one aspect of the practice of religious tolerance, which recorded in the ancient inscriptions from 8th to 11th AD., which selected through purposive sampling procedure. The aforementioned aspect was regarding the important role of ancient vihāra as a symbol of religious tolerance in society. Such role was the impact of its functions, which are different with today’s modern function. This information on the function and role of the vihāra in ancient Java is provided to support modern Indonesian society to understand their material cultural heritage.

Contemporary Japanese Buddhist Traditions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Porcu
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Japanese Buddhism ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Historical Developments

Based on the premise that there is no single and homogeneous Japanese Buddhism but a multifaceted religious tradition resulting from a long history of adaptations and cross-cultural interactions, this chapter explores some aspects of Buddhism in Japan, including Buddhism-based new religious movements, in connection to the challenges of contemporary society. These include the structure of today’s temples in terms of membership and activities, issues of politics and social engagement closely linked to the role of Buddhism in the public sphere, the innovative ways through which Buddhist institutions are reacting to a deeply mediatized society, and overseas developments. Before proceeding to the contemporary period, the chapter provides a brief overview of the historical developments of Buddhism from its inception to the postwar period.

The Role of Women in the Development of New Religious Movements in Latin America

2016 ◽  
pp. 224-247
Author(s):  
Angel Belzunegui Eraso ◽  
David Dueñas Cid
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
Religious Plurality ◽  
New Religions ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Latin American Countries

In this chapter we focus on the growth of “new religions” and new religious movements in Latin America and attempt to find explanations for this growth. Although other explanations for the increase in religious plurality exist, we focus on the role of women in this development. The expansion of movements such as Pentecostalism is challenging the centrality of Catholicism in many Latin American countries. Basically, we therefore aim to answer the following question: Why has Pentecostalism grown so much in some Latin American countries while Catholicism has experienced a certain decline? One possible explanation for this is the role of women in this expansion, which has fostered greater social cohesion within families and communities. Pentecostalism has led to a certain empowerment of the women living in precarious conditions, affording them greater visibility and importance within their communities and giving them a role in the re-education of behaviours that are rooted in male domination.

Eating for Unity: Vegetarianism in the Early Unity School of Christianity

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
jeremy rapport
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
New Thought ◽  
City Area ◽  
Integral Component

This essay examines the role of vegetarianism during the formative period of the Unity School of Christianity (1895-1938). Unity, based in the Kansas City area, taught that vegetarianism was an integral component of regenerating the body. Scholars studying the New Thought movement have only recently begun to recognize the body's role in salvation in these religious movements. By examining the interaction between the practice of vegetarianism and Unity's belief that the body must be regenerated, I show both how vegetarianism was integral to defining and putting into practice Unity's religious beliefs and how it helped to develop religious identity by marking the behavioral boundaries of a Unity member.

scholarly journals VIHARA AND PLURALISM IN ANCIENT JAVA, 8 TH – 11 TH AD. (Study on Inscriptions)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Agni Sesaria Mochtar
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

The era of reformation in Indonesia was supposedly articulated with the pluralism of the society. Sadly, many cases regarding religious and ethnic conflicts pronounced the opposite, whereas pluralism and religious tolerance were two of the main characters of the nation since the days of the ancestors. The legacy of those two characters is actually able to be observed through cultural heritage, as a messenger from the past. This study examines one aspect of the practice of religious tolerance, which recorded in the ancient inscriptions from 8th to 11th AD., which selected through purposive sampling procedure. The aforementioned aspect was regarding theimportant role of ancient vihāra as a symbol of religious tolerance in society. Such role was the impact of its functions, which are different with today’s modern function. This information on the function and role of the vihāra in ancient Java is provided to support modern Indonesian society to understand their material cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Religious identity of the urban population of Dagestan in the structure of social identity.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Madina M. Shakhbanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
Contradictory Behavior ◽  
Confessional Identity

The article deals with the manifestation of the religious identity of the urban population of Dagestan. The obtained empirical data show the dominance of the Republican type of social identity with a large preponderance in the mass consciousness of the respondents. The author's hypothesis about the importance of religious identity for respondents was not confirmed by the results of the study, because the designation of unity with co-religionists by respondents prevails only in a subgroup of convinced believers. In addition, the awareness of community with representatives of their ethnic community is of great importance for citizens. At the same time, the study revealed contradictory behavior of citizens: for example, the study of the religious identity of the urban population indicates the prevalence of the importance of religious affiliation. In addition, empirical data shows the existence in the attitudes of citizens of the consideration of religion as an integral part of ethno-culture, which is quite natural in the observed synthesis of ethnic and religious factors in the form of ethno-confessional identity. The level of trust in various social spheres, in particular religious institutions, contributes to the formation of a positive religious identity to a certain extent. The survey data indicates a weak level of trust in co-religionists, while at the same time its high manifestation to the near radius.

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