scholarly journals Significance of Addressal of Clinical Investigations of Kidney Functions in Recovery/Mortality of Certain COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1985-1991
Author(s):  
Bennet Angel
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Robust Protocol

Clinical management of COVID-19 patients through a robust protocol is key to the good recovery and reduced mortality of patients. Efficient kidney functions during treatment period can contribute for improvised recovery and reduced mortality of patients. Analysis of the kidney function among Recovered and Dead cases of COVID-19 was made to reveal the degree of association of kidney functions with the two categories of patients. 83.4% of recovered patients did not show hyper values of blood urea whereas 72.5% of dead patients showed hyper-urea level in blood. 88.8% of survivors showed non-hyper creatinine level of blood whereas only 40% of dead cases showed hyper creatine level. Strong degree of association of blood urea with recovery/mortality was observed. Sodium levels were seen to be low while potassium and chloride ions were seen to be high in COVID-19 individuals. Our preliminary study suggests that kidney functions especially the value of blood urea and creatinine need to be addressed during COVID-19 patients to ensure the best recovery and reduced mortality. After more number of case studies, the present observation could sensitize consideration for inclusion of addressal and treatment of kidney functions into treatment protocol against COVID-19. It was also interesting to observe that levels of sodium and potassium ions among Survivors and Dead cases have impacted function of the essential ion channels in patient’s physiology.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Detection of Electrolytes Using a Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrode of Single-Piece Type Membrane

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Li-Da Chen ◽  
Wei-Jhen Wang ◽  
Gou-Jen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Gold Electrode ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Single Piece ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

This study aimed to develop simple electrochemical electrodes for the fast detection of chloride, sodium and potassium ions in human serum. A flat thin-film gold electrode was used as the detection electrode for chloride ions; a single-piece type membrane based solid-state ion-selective electrode (ISE), which was formed by covering a flat thin-film gold electrode with a mixture of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and ion-selective membrane (ISM), was developed for sodium and potassium ions detection. Through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave voltammetry (SWV), the detection data can be obtained within two minutes. The linear detection ranges in the standard samples of chloride, sodium, and potassium ions were 25–200 mM, 50–200 mM, and 2–10 mM, with the average relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.79%, 1.65%, and 0.47% and the average recovery rates of 101%, 100% and 96%, respectively. Interference experiments with Na+, K+, Cl−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions demonstrated that the proposed detection electrodes have good selectivity. Moreover, the proposed detection electrodes have characteristics such as the ability to be prepared under relatively simple process conditions, excellent detection sensitivity, and low RSD, and the detection linear range is suitable for the Cl−, Na+ and K+ concentrations in human serum.

Detection of Electrolytes Based on Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrode

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Da Chen ◽  
Gou-Jen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Gold Electrode ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Abstract This study aimed to develop simple electrochemical electrodes for the fast detection of chlorine, sodium, and potassium ions in human serum. A flat thin-film gold electrode was used as the detection electrode for chloride ions; a solid-state ion-selective electrode (ISE), which was formed by covering a flat thin-film gold electrode with a mixture of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and ion-selective membrane (ISM), was developed for sodium and potassium ions detection. Through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave voltammetry (SWV), the detection data can be obtained within two minutes. The linear detection ranges in the standard samples of chlorine, sodium, and potassium ions were 25–200 mM, 50–200 mM, and 2–10 mM, with the average relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.79%, 1.65%, and 0.47% and the average recovery rates of 101%, 100%, and 96% respectively. Interference experiments using normal concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in human blood demonstrated that the proposed detection electrodes have good selectivity. Moreover, the proposed detection electrodes have characteristics such as the ability to be prepared under relatively simple process conditions, excellent detection sensitivity, and low RSD, and the detection linear range is suitable for the Cl−, Na+, and K+ concentrations in human serum.

Preliminary Study on Assessment of Mineralization Degree and Nutrient Content of Groundwater Bodies in Gorj County

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Daniela Cirtina ◽  
Camelia Capatina
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Mineralization Degree ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The research study performed aims to assess the degree of mineralization and nutrient contents of groundwater bodies in Gorj County in the period 2014-2015 based on the monitoring indicators such as: pH value, electrical conductivity, chlorides content, sulphates, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, ammonium, sodium and potassium ions. Samples of waters were taken from eight wells located in depth groundwater bodies, code ROJi05 and ROJi08 in order to determine the mineral and nutrient contents. All the indicators monitored were taken into account for assessing the mineralization degree of groundwater. The values of monitored indicators of groundwater were within the allowed limits for drinking water according to Law 458/2002 amended by Law no. 311/2004 regarding the drinking water quality with the exception of sulfur content. The values of nutrient content exceeded the allowed limits for sulphates, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium.

Ground water quality of selected areas of Punjab and Sind Provinces, Pakistan: Chemical and microbiological aspects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Sodium Magnesium ◽  
Very High ◽  
Microbiological Aspects

The assessment of groundwater is essential for the estimation of suitability of water for safe use. An attempt has been made to study the groundwater of selected areas of Punjab (Sheikhupura & Sahiwal) and Sindh (Sindh, Jawar Dharki and Dharki), Pakistan. The results indicate that pH, color and odor were all within limits of WHO that is pH ranges 6.5–8.5, colorless and odorless, respectively. The high values of suspended solids were observed in the Sindh-1 and Dharki samples. Microbiologically only Sahiwal and Jawar Dharki were found fit for drinking purpose. Trace metals analysis of Sheikhupura-1 and Sindh-1 showed that values do not fall within limits of WHO for Iron. The ionic concentration analysis showed that high bicarbonate (HCO3-), ions are present in the samples of Sahiwal and Dharki; Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki samples showed very high concentration for chloride ions, all samples were satisfactory level for sulphate (SO42-), sodium, magnesium and phosphate ions except samples of Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki. High concentration of calcium and potassium ions was observed in samples of Sindh-1, while all other samples were found fit for drinking purposes in respect of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium ions. The high concentration of Fluoride was found only in Sheikhupura-2 samples.

scholarly journals Changes in the Membrane Permeability of Frog's Sartorius Muscle Fibers in Ca-Free EDTA Solution

1963 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kimizuka ◽  
K. Koketsu
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Sartorius Muscle ◽  
Constant Field ◽  
Sodium Influx ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Edta Solution ◽  
Frog Sartorius ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The changes in the membrane permeability to sodium, potassium, and chloride ions as well as the changes in the intracellular concentration of these ions were studied on frog sartorius muscles in Ca-free EDTA solution. It was found that the rate constants for potassium and chloride efflux became almost constant within 10 minutes in the absence of external calcium ions, that for potassium increasing to 1.5 to 2 times normal and that for chloride decreasing about one-half. The sodium influx in Ca-free EDTA solution, between 30 and 40 minutes, was about 4 times that in Ringer's solution. The intracellular sodium and potassium contents did not change appreciably but the intracellular chloride content had increased to about 4 times normal after 40 minutes. By applying the constant field theory to these results, it was concluded that (a) PCl did not change appreciably whereas PK decreased to a level that, in the interval between 10 and 40 minutes, was about one-half normal, (b) PNa increased until between 30 and 40 minutes it was about 8 times normal. The low value of the membrane potential between 30 and 40 minutes was explained in terms of the changes in the membrane permeability and the intracellular ion concentrations. The mechanism for membrane depolarization in this solution was briefly discussed.

Sodium and Potassium Fluxes in the Abdominal Nerve Cord of the Cockroach, Periplaneta Americana L

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
J. E. TREHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. The influx of sodium and potassium ions into the central nervous system of Periplaneta americana has been studied by measuring the increase in radioactivity within the abdominal nerve cord following the injection of 24NA and 42K. into the haemolymph. 2. The calculated influx of sodium ions was approximately 320 mM./l. of nerve cord water/hr. and of potassium ions was 312 mM./l. of nerve cord water/hr. These values are very approximately equivalent to an influx per unit area of nerve cord surface of 13.9 x 10-2 M cm. -2 sec.-1 for sodium and 13.5 x 10-12 M cm. -2 sec.-1 for potassium ions. 3. The relatively rapid influxes of these ions are discussed in relation to the postulated function of the nerve sheath as a diffusion barrier. It is suggested that a dynamic steady state rather than a static impermeability must exist across the sheath surrounding the central nervous system in this insect.

Tetanic hyperpolarization of single medullated nerve fibers in sodium and lithium

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Schoepfle
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Interspike Interval ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Repetitive Stimulation ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Medullated Nerve Fiber ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Stimulation Of

Repetitive stimulation of a single medullated nerve fiber of Xenopus yields a succession of postspike voltage-time curves which are nearly coincident until attainment of a voltage that corresponds to that of the maximum attained by the normal postspike undershoot. Initially the interspike potential returns toward a resting level after this brief phase of hyperpolarization. However, as tetanization proceeds, a pattern of hyperpolarization develops with the result that, in the tetanic steady state, there exists a progressive hyperpolarization throughout each interspike interval. Extent of postspike hyperpolarization in terms of a deviation deltaVm from the resting level of membrane potential is approximated by the variation deltaVm = delta[MNa + MK]/[GNa + GK] where MNa and MK are current densities associated with active pumping of sodium and potassium ions and GNa and GK are corresponding time-dependent leak conductances. Tetanic hyperpolarization is reversibly abolished by cyanide and by exposure to lithium Ringer. Eventual reappearance of tetanic hyperpolarization in the presence of lithium Ringer suggests lithium pumping.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document