scholarly journals Tipo: Innovation and change in Brazilian Portuguese

Diacrítica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-215
Author(s):  
Christiani P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Nominal Form ◽  
Linguistic Innovation ◽  
Innovation And Change

This paper provides an empirical account of the synchronic variation in the use of the noun TIPO (‘type’, ‘kind’)in the Brazilian Portuguese vernacular. Innovation in its use, first documented by Bittencourt (1999), suggests TIPO may be performing functions beyond those of a noun. To investigate innovation in its use, this study focuses on the speech of teenagers born and raised in Rio de Janeiro. Although this group has been shown to be in the forefront of linguistic innovation (D’Arcy, 2005; Tagliamonte, 2016), research on the speech of adolescents remains scant in Brazilian Portuguese. This paper[1]aims to fill this gap by presenting the results of two analyses of empirical data collected between 2015 and 2018 (the author and collaborator).[2]Results indicate that TIPO is not only salient in participants’ speech but also that non-nominal forms of TIPO are more frequently used by speakers (97.98%) when compared to its nominal form (2.02%). Findings suggest that uses of non-nominal TIPO are systematic and linguistically defined: TIPO is most often found in pre-clausal position or preceding a noun phrase. Findings also show that TIPO is performing functions beyond those of a noun, such as a preposition and an adverb.      

Truly Minimal Pronouns

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 11-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Holmberg ◽  
On-Usa Phimsawat
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Generic Pronouns

Tis paper examines the properties of inclusive generic constructions, focusing on languages where the inclusive generic pronoun is a null category. We investigate empirical data from a set of languages with and without agreement to test Phimsawat's (2011) hypothesis that the inclusive generic pronoun lacks all phi-features, and therefore has the least restricted reading, due to there being no restriction on the reference. We show that this hypothesis cannot hold true universally, as phi-features trigger agreement in inflecting languages. We show that there is a correlation between presence of agreement and restriction to human reference for null inclusive generic pronouns, based on comparison of a set of languages without agreement (Tai, Mandarin Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Sinhala) with a set of languages with agreement (Finnish, Brazilian Portuguese, Hebrew, Basque, and Tamil). An explanation in terms of feature architecture is proposed for this correlation. A prediction for generic PRO is discussed and shown to be inconclusive or false.

scholarly journals Raising of argumental noun phrase in Brazilian Portuguese under the functional perspective: preliminary results

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3729-3741
Author(s):  
Gustavo Silva Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Functional Perspective

Alçamento é definido na literatura como a codificação de sintagma nominal (SN) argumento do predicado encaixado aos limites do predicado da oração matriz, com o qual contrai relações morfossintáticas; são preservadas, assim, as relações semânticas do SN alçado com o predicado encaixado, mas há uma quebra na sua relação morfossintática (NOONAN, 2007). A partir de diferentes tipos de alçamento expressos em diferentes línguas (NOONAN, 2007; GÁRCIA VELASCO, 2013), este trabalho tem como objetivo extrair propriedades relevantes para a descrição de um tipo específico de Alçamento no Português Brasileiro (PB): Alçamento de Sujeito a Sujeito (ASS).

Gender Agreement as a "Decreolizing" Feature of an Afro-Brazilian Dialect

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan N. Baxter ◽  
Dante Lucchesi ◽  
Maximiliano Guimaraes
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Gender Agreement ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
L1 Acquisition ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Afro Brazilian

This paper examines variation in the noun phrase gender agreement rule in the Afro-Brazilian Portuguese dialect of Helvétia. The analysis of the variation proceeds within a quantitative framework; it considers structural implications, in generative terms, and sociolinguistic aspects, yielding evidence relevant to the definition of the postcreole nature of the dialect. Structural parallels are found with Portuguese L1 acquisition and with varieties of creole Portuguese, and the relationship of the Helvétia dialect to more standard varieties of Brazilian Portuguese is clarified. An evaluation of structural variables reveals how the gender agreement rule is being incorporated into the grammar of the dialect at different rates along different structural paths and in different pragmatic functions, reflecting intricacies of the grammar associated with the noun. Finally, a scrutiny of the effect of extralinguistic variables on gender agreement clearly reveals the acquisitional nature of the variation.

Discourse markers in the spoken Portuguese of Rio de Janeiro

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselle M. de Oliveira e Silva ◽  
Alzira Tavares de Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Discourse Function ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

ABSTRACTWe analyze four major classes of discourse marker used in Brazilian Portuguese: né and other requests for feedback; aí, a sequential connector; ah, bom, and other turn initiators; and assim, a marker of explanation. The distribution of these forms is compared in argumentation, description, narration, and other genres and explained in terms of discourse function. Sociodemographic conditioning is also analyzed. An innovative component of the data analysis is an accounting for rates of occurrence per number of clauses in the speech samples studied. The results were elaborated through a series of other studies confirming the discourse function of the various markers. A comparison of the results with previous work on English and French discourse markers reveals striking parallels and raises questions about the grammaticalization of these forms.

scholarly journals Visual and auditory cues of assertions and questions in brazilian portuguese and Mexican Spanishy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Luma da Silva Miranda ◽  
Carolina Gomes da Silva ◽  
João Antônio de Moraes ◽  
Albert Rilliard
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Mexican Spanish ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Language Varieties

The aim of this paper is to compare the multimodal production of questions in two different language varieties: Brazilian Portuguese and Mexican Spanish. Descriptions of the auditory and visual cues of two speech acts, assertions and questions, are presented based on Brazilian and Mexican corpora. The sentence “Como você sabe” was produced as an yes-no (echo) question and an assertion by ten speakers (five male) from Rio de Janeiro and the sentence “Apaga la tele” was produced as a yes-no question and an assertion by five speakers (three male) from Mexico City. The results show that, whereas the Brazilian Portuguese and Mexican Spanish assertions are produced with different F0 contours and different facial expressions, questions in both languages are produced with specific F0 contours but similar facial expressions. The outcome of this comparative study suggests that lowering the eyebrows, tightening the lid and wrinkling the nose can be considered question markers in both language varieties.

Directionality in linguistic change and acquisition

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Abreu Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Cyclic Process ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
Urban Language

This article focuses on the directionality observed in the processes of change and acquisition of the prepositions that replaced Latin cases in the speech of Rio de Janeiro and in the Contact Portuguese spoken by Brazilian Indians in the region of Xingu. In Brazilian Portuguese, it is possible to delete the indirect case preposition of some verbs. The system loses and maintains prepositional nexus in a cyclic process motivated by the semantic transparency and the iconicity of the preposition, the adjacency between verb and complement, and the degree of transitivity of the verb. The variable use in Contact Portuguese shows the same effects observed in the Rio de Janeiro variety, in a process that includes a gradual filling up of categorical and variable contexts. We argue that the forces that guide acquisition of the Portuguese prepositional subsystem in the Xingu variety act in the same way as those that constrain variation in urban language.

scholarly journals Idolatria ou demonização: o que os candidatos do ENEM pensam do Estado?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Adriano Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Gadelha
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Public Opinion Survey ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Brazilian Students

ResumoEste artigo tem o objetivo de responder a seguinte indagação: Os estudantes brasileiros, candidatos ao Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem), idolatram o Estado ou o demonizam? Esta indagação surge em razão do profícuo debate ente Melo (2016) e Souza (2015; 2016) sobre a demonização ou não do Estado na sociedade brasileira. Como tal debate carece de dados empíricos, buscamos, inicialmente, em Almeida (2007) e Lamounier e Souza (2010) argumentos para responder a indagação proposta. Porém, os argumentos dos autores citados nos conduzem a interpretar as opiniões dos candidatos do Enem. Pesquisa de opinião pública realizada entre estes candidatos nos conduzem a resposta ao problema proposto.Palavras-chave: Estado brasileiro. Idolatria. Demonização. Candidatos ao Enem.AbstractThis article aims to answer the following question: Brazilian students, candidates for the National Secondary Education Examination (Enem), idolize or demonize State? This question arises from the fruitful debate being Melo (2016) and Souza (2015; 2016) about the demonization or not the State in Brazilian society. As such debate lacks empirical data, we sought initially in Almeida (2007) and Lamounier and Souza (2010) arguments to answer the question proposed. However, the arguments of these authors lead us to interpret the opinions of candidates Enem. Public opinion survey conducted among these candidates lead in the response to the proposed problem.Keywords: Brazilian state. Idolatry. Demonization. Enem candidates.ResumenEn este artículo se pretende dar respuesta a la siguiente pregunta: estudiantes brasileños, los candidatos para el Examen Nacional de Enseñanza Media (ENEM), idolatran o demonizan Estado? Esta pregunta surge de la discusión fructífera siendo Melo (2016) y Souza (2015; 2016) sobre la demonización o no del Estado en la sociedad brasileña. Como tal debate carece de datos empíricos, hemos tratado inicialmente en Almeida (2007) y Lamounier y Souza (2010) argumentos para responder a la cuestión propuesta. Sin embargo, los argumentos de estos autores nos llevan a interpretar las opiniones de los candidatos Enem. encuesta de opinión pública realizada entre estos candidatos plomo en la respuesta al problema propuesto.Palabras clave: estado brasileño. La idolatría. Demonización. Enem candidatos. Referências ALMEIDA, Alberto. A cabeça do brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2007.MELO, Marcus André. Raízes de um Brasil político: os caminhos de um projeto iliberal. Folha de S. Paulo, 31 jan. 2016.MENDES, Marcos. Por que o Brasil cresce pouco?: desigualdade, democracia e baixo crescimento no Brasil do futuro. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2014.SOUZA, Amaury de; LAMOUNIER, Bolívar. A classe média brasileira: ambições, valores e projetos de sociedade. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2010.SOUZA, Jesse. A tolice da inteligência brasileira: ou como o país se deixa manipular pela elite. São Paulo: LeYa, 2015.______. Jesse. A quem serve a classe média indignada? Folha de S. Paulo, 10 jan. 2016. 

scholarly journals Restrictions on genitive subjects in Kazakh relative clauses

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Eszter Ótott-Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Genitive Case

This article investigates two RC subject case marking strategies in Kazakh based on novel data coming from the author's fieldwork. The two strategies are the nom-subject strategy, where the RC subject is nominative and there is no agreement marking with it, and the gen-subject strategy, where the RC subject is genitive and the agreement with it is marked, seemingly non-locally, on the noun phrase modified by the RC. The paper's goal is to offer new empirical data on the characteristics and restrictions on the gen-subject strategy: the gen-DP is RC external and the same restrictions apply to it as to possessors, for this reason the paper argues that the gen-DP is situated (and gets case) in the possessor position and it is not assigned genitive case within the RC. Thus, the seemingly non-local Agree relation can be accounted if the gen-DP is in clause-external possessor position.

scholarly journals On pre-stressed high vowels raising process in brazilian portuguese

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-157
Author(s):  
Dinah Callou ◽  
Luana Machado
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Second Formant ◽  
High Vowels

This paper discusses the hypothesis that the outputs of derived pre-stressed high vowels [i] and [u], in Brazilian Portuguese, are acoustically different from the outputs of the non-derived high vowels, although both are perceptually equivalent. The sample totalizes 1152 tokens extracted from a controlled corpus, recorded at the Phonetic Laboratory of Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), with eight university graduate students, four men and four women, from Rio de Janeiro, using acoustic measurements (PRAAT) and multivariational analysis (GOLDVARB X) in order to detect the conditioning factors related to the first and second formant values. The results reveal differences between underlying and derived vowels.

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