scholarly journals Climate change effects on early stages of Quercus ariifolia (Fagaceae), an endemic oak from seasonally dry forests of Mexico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto I. Badano ◽  
Francisco A. Guerra-Coss ◽  
Erik J. Sánchez-Montes de Oca ◽  
Carlos I. Briones-Herrera ◽  
Sandra M. Gelviz-Gelvez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Tree Recruitment ◽  
Seasonally Dry

Background and Aims: Tree recruitment in seasonally dry forests occurs during the rainy season. However, higher temperatures and reduced rainfalls are expected in these ecosystems because of climate change. These changes could induce drought conditions during the rainy season and affect tree recruitment. Plants subjected to thermal or water stress often display morphological and physiological shifts addressed to prioritize their survival. If recently emerged tree seedlings display these responses, this could improve their development during the rainy season and increase their survival chances. Our aim was to test whether recently emerged oak seedlings display these responses.Methods: We performed a field experiment with Quercus ariifolia, an oak species endemic to seasonally dry forests of central Mexico. At the beginning of the rainy season (September 2016), we sowed acorns of this species in control plots under the current climate and plots in which climate change was simulated by increasing temperature and reducing rainfall (CCS plots). Seedling emergence and survival were monitored every seven days during the rainy season (until January 2017). At the end of the experiment, we measured several functional traits on surviving seedlings and compared them between controls and CCS plots.Key results: Higher temperature and lower rainfall generated water shortage conditions in CCS plots. This did not affect emergence of seedlings but reduced their survival. Seedlings that survived in CCS plots displayed shifts in their functional traits, which matched with those of plants subjected to thermal and water stress.Conclusions: Our results suggest that climate change can increase the extinction risk of Q. ariifolia in seasonally dry forest of Mexico by reducing the survival of its offspring. Nevertheless, the results also suggest that seedlings developed under climate change conditions can display functional shifts that could confer them tolerance to increased drought.

Utilisation of wild growing yams as supplementary nutrition and its impact on the dry forest ecosystem in north-western Madagascar

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Wild Yams ◽  
Supplementary Nutrition ◽  
North Western

Wild growing yams (Dioscorea spp.) are an important supplementary food in Madagascar, especially during periods of rice shortage in the rainy season. Yams grow in dry forests and there is a particularly high occurrence of yam tubers in recently burned, open secondary forest formations. The study found that the uncontrolled harvest of yams can contribute to the degradation of dry forests due to the high quantity of wild yams harvested by the local population and the widespread practice of intentionally burning forests to increase yams production.

Climate change and speciation in neotropical seasonally dry forest plants

2005 ◽  
pp. 199-214
Author(s):  
R. Toby Pennington ◽  
Matt Lavin ◽  
Darién E. Prado ◽  
Colin A. Pendry ◽  
Susan K. Pell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Forest Plants ◽  
Seasonally Dry Forest

Woody plant seedling distribution under invasive Lantana camara thickets in a dry-forest plot in Mudumalai, southern India

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetha Ramaswami ◽  
R. Sukumar
Keyword(s):  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Dispersal Mode ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Seedling Distribution

Abstract:Lantana camara, a shrub of Central and South American origin, has become invasive across dry forests worldwide. The effect of the thicket-forming habit of L. camara as a dispersal and recruitment barrier in a community of native woody seedlings was examined in a 50-ha permanent plot located in the seasonally dry forest of Mudumalai, southern India. Sixty 100-m2 plots were enumerated for native woody seedlings between 10–100 cm in height. Of these, 30 plots had no L. camara thickets, while the other 30 had dense thickets. The frequency of occurrence and abundance of seedlings were modelled as a function of dispersal mode (mammal, bird or mechanical) and affinities to forest habitats (dry forest, moist forest or ubiquitous) as well as presence or absence of dense L. camara thickets. Furthermore, frequency of occurrence and abundance of individual species were also compared between thickets and no L. camara. At the community level, L. camara density, dispersal mode and forest habitat affinities of species determined both frequency of occurrence and abundance of seedlings, with the abundance of dry-forest mammal-dispersed species and ubiquitous mechanically dispersed species being significantly lower under L. camara thickets. Phyllanthus emblica and Kydia calycina were found to be significantly less abundant under L. camara, whereas most other species were not affected by the presence of thickets. It was inferred that, by affecting the establishment of native tree seedlings, L. camara thickets could eventually alter the community composition of such forests.

scholarly journals Observations on the courtship behavior and nesting in Phyllomedusa venusta (Anura: Phyllomedusidae) from a seasonally dry forest in Colombia

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Juan Salvador Mendoza-Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Physical Stimulation ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Egg Capsules ◽  
Seasonally Dry Forest

I investigated the reproductive behavior of the poorly known leaf frog Phyllomedusa venusta. Courtship, amplexus, and nesting were observed during the rainy season in an ephemeral pool surrounded by forest. Based on the behavior of a single, amplectant pair, it seems likely that physical stimulation may play a role in courtship in this leaf frog that shows little vocalization. A second amplectant pair formed a nest, with leaves surrounding the clutch in a funnel. Both ends of the nest were plugged with empty jelly egg capsules, which also were dispersed throughout the egg mass. A separate spawn was collected, containing 390 viable eggs. By wrapping eggs in leaves, and depositing water in empty egg capsules in the egg mass and jelly plugs, the frogs doubtless protect developing embryos from desiccation, an important adaptation for leaf-nesting among phyllomedusids.

A new species of Atrypanius Bates, 1864 (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Acanthocinini) from Peruvian seasonally dry forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Gino Juárez-Noé
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
National University ◽  
Seasonally Dry Forest ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the genus Atrypanius Bates, 1864 is described from Peru: Atrypanius unpanus n. sp., based on specimens collected from the campus of the National University of Piura, an important area of seasonally dry forest in the Piura region, northwestern Peru.

scholarly journals Historical climate change and speciation: neotropical seasonally dry forest plants show patterns of both Tertiary and Quaternary diversification

2004 ◽  
Vol 359 (1443) ◽  
pp. 515-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Toby Pennington ◽  
Matt Lavin ◽  
Darién E. Prado ◽  
Colin A. Pendry ◽  
Susan K. Pell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Historical Climate ◽  
Rate Analysis

Historical climate changes have had a major effect on the distribution and evolution of plant species in the neotropics. What is more controversial is whether relatively recent Pleistocene climatic changes have driven speciation, or whether neotropical species diversity is more ancient. This question is addressed using evolutionary rate analysis of sequence data of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers in diverse taxa occupying neotropical seasonally dry forests, including Ruprechtia (Polygonaceae), robinioid legumes (Fabaceae), Chaetocalyx and Nissolia (Fabaceae), and Loxopterygium (Anacardiaceae). Species diversifications in these taxa occurred both during and before the Pleistocene in Central America, but were primarily pre–Pleistocene in South America. This indicates plausibility both for models that predict tropical species diversity to be recent and that invoke a role for Pleistocene climatic change, and those that consider it ancient and implicate geological factors such as the Andean orogeny and the closure of the Panama Isthmus. Cladistic vicariance analysis was attempted to identify common factors underlying evolution in these groups. In spite of the similar Mid–Miocene to Pliocene ages of the study taxa, and their high degree of endemism in the different fragments of South American dry forests, the analysis yielded equivocal, non–robust patterns of area relationships.

scholarly journals Functional responses of recently emerged seedlings of an endemic Mexican oak (Quercus eduardii) under climate change conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Ernesto I. Badano ◽  
Francisco A. Guerra-Coss ◽  
Sandra M. Gelviz-Gelvez ◽  
Joel Flores ◽  
Pablo Delgado-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Climate Change Simulation ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Climate change will increase temperature and reduce rainfall across temperate forests of Mexico. This can alter tree establishment dynamics within forest and in neighbouring man-made clearings.</p><p><strong>Hypotheses:</strong> Climate change will reduce emergence and survival of tree seedlings, and surviving plants will display functional responses matching with these changes. These effects should be more noticeable in clearings due to the lack of canopy cover.</p><p><strong>Studied species</strong>: <em>Quercus eduardii</em> (Fagaceae, section <em>Lobatae</em>) an oak species endemic to Mexico.</p><p><strong>Study site and years of study</strong>: Tree growing season 2015-2016 (rainy season) in a mature oak forest and a neighbouring clearing in Sierra de Álvarez, state of San Luis Potosí.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In both habitats, we established control plots (under current climatic conditions) and climate change simulation plots (increased temperature and reduced rainfall). At the beginning of the growing season, we sowed acorns of <em>Q. eduardii</em> in these plots and monitored the emergence, survival and growth of seedlings. At the end of the growing season, we assessed functional responses on surviving seedlings.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Seedling emergence and survival were lower in climate change plots from both habitats. However, differences in survival between climate treatments were larger within the forest. Seedlings from climate change plots displayed functional responses indicating higher levels of thermal and water stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicates that climate change will constrain tree recruitment in Mexican oak forests. However, contrary to our expectations, it seems that these effects will be higher within forests than in man-made clearings.</p>

scholarly journals Fire and climate change: conserving seasonally dry forests is still possible

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 354-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L Stephens ◽  
A LeRoy Westerling ◽  
Matthew D Hurteau ◽  
M Zachariah Peery ◽  
Courtney A Schultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Seasonally Dry

scholarly journals Analyzing the edge effects in a Brazilian seasonally dry tropical forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Arruda ◽  
P. V. Eisenlohr
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effects ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Dry Tropical Forests ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions

Abstract Due to the deciduous nature of dry forests (widely known as seasonally dry tropical forests) they are subject to microclimatic conditions not experienced in other forest formations. Close examinations of the theory of edge effects in dry forests are still rare and a number of questions arise in terms of this topic. In light of this situation we examined a fragment of the dry forest to respond to the following questions: (I) Are there differences in canopy cover along the edge-interior gradient during the dry season? (II) How does the microclimate (air temperature, soil temperature, and relative humidity) vary along that gradient? (III) How does the microclimate influence tree species richness, evenness and abundance along that gradient? (IV) Are certain tree species more dominant closer to the forest edges? Regressions were performed to address these questions. Their coefficients did not significantly vary from zero. Apparently, the uniform openness of the forest canopy caused a homogeneous internal microclimate, without significant differentiation in habitats that would allow modifications in biotic variables tested. We conclude that the processes of edge effect commonly seen in humid forests, not was shared with the dry forest assessed.

scholarly journals Long-term impacts of mid-Holocene drier climatic conditions on Bolivian tropical dry forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 204-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Plumpton ◽  
Francis E. Mayle ◽  
Bronwen S. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Tropical Dry Forests ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Threat Status

AbstractThe Bolivian Chiquitano dry forest is the largest block of intact seasonally dry tropical forest in South America and is a priority ecoregion for conservation due to its high threat status. However, the long-term impacts of drier climatic conditions on tropical dry forests are not well understood, despite climate models predicting increased droughts over Bolivia in the coming century. In this paper, we assess the impacts of drier climatic conditions during the mid-Holocene on the Bolivian Chiquitano tropical dry forest using fossilised pollen, phytoliths, macro-charcoal, and geochemical proxies from a sediment core from a large lake (Laguna Mandioré) on the Bolivia–Brazil border. Our results show that drier climatic conditions during the mid-Holocene caused a local-scale, ecotonal expansion of upland savannah at the expense of dry forest. Interaction between drier climatic conditions and fire regime likely exerted a stronger control over the position of the dry forest–savannah ecotone than edaphic factors. However, the majority of the dry forest within the lake catchment maintained a closed canopy throughout the drier conditions of the mid-Holocene, despite floristic turnover towards more drought-tolerant taxa. These findings imply overall resilience of the Chiquitano dry forest biome to future drought, albeit with floristic changes and upland savannah encroachment at ecotones.

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