scholarly journals Parallel Glueline of Withdrawal Capacity for Mengkulang Glulam

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (SI4) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Rohana Hassan ◽  
Nor Jihan Abd Malek ◽  
Mohd Nizam Shakimon ◽  
Mohd Sapuan Salit
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Glue Line ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bolt Diameter

The failure modes and load-carrying capacity of timber connection can be predicted using European Yield Model (EYM). In the load-carrying capacity formula, an unknown parameter for Mengkulang Glulam with the bolt as a fastener, is the withdrawal capacity, Fax,Rk (kN). In this research, the withdrawal capacity tests were conducted with respect to the difference in bolt diameter and glue line existences. The results showed the larger diameter 18 mm parallel with the glue line giving the highest withdrawal capacity and resistance when compared to the same diameter without glue line and 14 mm diameter with and without the glue line. Keywords: Engineered Wood Product (EWP); Structural Material; Withdrawal Capacity; European Yield Model (EYM) eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.3030

scholarly journals Experimental Research on AFRP Reinforced Recycled Steel Tube Columns Subjected to Axial Compression

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 096369351702600
Author(s):  
Min Hou ◽  
Jiangfeng Dong ◽  
Lang Li ◽  
Shucheng Yuan ◽  
Qingyuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Recycled Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
The One ◽  
Effective Use

In order to make an effective use of the recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), a total of six steel tube RAC columns and six basalt fiber (BF) reinforced RAC columns, including six columns that were externally strengthened with aramid fiber reinforced polymer (AFRP) sheets, were fabricated and tested. This were to provide a strengthening solution to upgrade the load carrying capacity, ductility and rigidity of the RAC filled steel tube columns. Besides, the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios for production of RAC was analyzed. The results show that the load carrying capacity and ultimate displacements of the RAC filled ST columns could be improved greatly by adding of basalt fiber, especially for the specimens with 50% and 100% RCA replacement ratio. The similar result was also found for the specimens strengthened with AFRP reinforcement, along with the stiffness of the columns were enhanced obviously. Moreover, the highest improving on the load carrying capacity, stiffness and ultimate displacement was found in the specimens both reinforced by adding of BF and strengthening of AFRP. However, the failure modes of the specimens with BF reinforced RAC gave a higher deformability than the one with AFRP strengthening arrangement.

Prediction model and parametric study on CFRP flat-joggle-flat hybrid (bonded/bolted) joints

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (26) ◽  
pp. 4025-4034
Author(s):  
Chang Xu ◽  
Wenjing Wang ◽  
Zhiming Liu ◽  
Chen Fu
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Bolted Joint ◽  
Hybrid Joint ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Bonded Joint ◽  
Adhesively Bonded Joint

As the weakness zone of composite structures, joints are of great concern. Adding fasteners in the bonded joint is another type of jointing, technology used in engineering. In this research, considering a new type of flat-joggle-flat carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) joint, a prediction model based on the commercial software ABAQUS was proposed to predict the joint load carrying capacity and analyse the joint failure modes. Tensile tests were performed to verify the validity of the model. Furthermore, the orthogonal design was applied to explore the effects of four kinds of factors on the hybrid joints. The results showed that the load-carrying capacity of the hybrid joint improved by 40.5% and 31.9% on average, compared with that of the adhesively bonded joint and the bolted joint, respectively. The carrying capacity for the bonded joint, bolted joint and hybrid joint predicted by the model has error values of 3.5%, 2.7% and 3.1%, respectively, which illustrates good accuracy with the test results. The width-to-diameter ratio appears to have the most substantial effect on the first drop load and the maximum load of the hybrid joint. The failure modes are influenced by the width-to-diameter ratio, edge-to-diameter ratio and stacking sequence.

Investigation on the Post-Ultimate Strength Behaviour of Sandwich Plate

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Weijun Xu ◽  
Xiongliang Yao ◽  
Nana Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Sandwich Plate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Sandwich Plates ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Strength Behavior ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper focuses on the post-ultimate strength behavior of sandwich plates. With widely application of the laminate on the ship and offshore structures, the post-ultimate strength behavior is becoming more important for safety evaluation of structures. Since the post-ultimate strength behavior can reflect the collapse extent of sandwich plate when subjected to extreme loads. A sandwich plate was modeled by FEM, its load-displacement relationship was obtained and its collapse characteristics were analyzed. The load-displacement relationship indicates its post-ultimate strength behavior, which is shown as that the load carrying capacity has a rapidly reduction when the ultimate strength is exceeded, and that the failure modes of the sandwich plate are determined by the parameter of individual layer. The simulation results were validated against experimental results. Conclusions are drawn: the displacement of sandwich plate under axial compression increased slowly before reaching the ultimate strength, once the ultimate strength was exceeded, the loads exerted on the structures sharply decreased with slowly increased displacement until the plate cracked. The simulation results have a good agreement with the experimental results. The mainly failure modes of sandwich plates can be interpreted as delamination between skin & core and core compression fracture, which are typical failure modes in engineering. The stiffness of sandwich structures decreased due to the interlaminar cracking or skin fracture, further the load carrying capacity decreased, which is of significance for guiding the design of sandwich structures.

Reliability analysis of wood I-joists

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Foschi ◽  
F. Z. Yao
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Strength Limit ◽  
Reliability Method ◽  
Load Carrying

This paper presents a reliability analysis of wood I-joists for both strength and serviceability limit states. Results are obtained from a finite element analysis coupled with a first-order reliability method. For the strength limit state of load-carrying capacity, multiple failure modes are considered, each involving the interaction of several random variables. Good agreement is achieved between the test results and the theoretical prediction of variability in load-carrying capacity. Finally, a procedure is given to obtain load-sharing adjustment factors applicable to repetitive member systems such as floors and flat roofs. Key words: reliability, limit state design, wood composites, I-joist, structural analysis.

scholarly journals Influence of ties on the behavior of short reinforced concrete columns strengthened by external CFRP

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Kaiss Sarsam ◽  
Raid Khalel ◽  
Mohammed Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Cfrp Sheets ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Strength

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the behavior of normal strength reinforce concret (RC) circular short column strengthned with “carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets”. Three series comprising totally of (15) specimens loaded until failure under concentric compresion load. Strengthening was varied by changing the number of CFRP strips, spacing and wrapping methods. The findings of this research can be summarized as follows: for the columns without CFRP, the influence of the tie spacing was significant: compared with 130 mm tie spacing, dropping the spacing to 100 mm and 70 mm increased the load carrying capacity by 18% and 26%, respectively. The columns with less internal confinement (lesser amount of ties) were strengthened more significantly by the CFRP than the ones with greater amount of internal ties. As an example of the varying effectiveness of the fully wrapped CFRP, the column with ties at 130 mm was strengthened by 90% with the CFRP. In contrast, the ones with 70 mm spaced ties only increased in strength with CFRP by 66%. Compared with the control specimen (no CFRP), the same amount of CFRP when used as hoop strips led to more strengthening than using CFRP as a spiral strip- the former led to nearly 9% more strengthening than the latter in the case of 130 mm spaced internal steel ties. In the case of 100 mm internal steel ties, the difference (between the hoops & spiral CFRP strengthening) is close to 4%. In contrast, there is no difference between the two methods of strengthening in the heavily tied columns (70 mm tied spacing).

Experimental Investigation on Steel-Plate-Masonry Composite Column Compressive Behavior

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Hu Jing ◽  
Shuang Yin Cao ◽  
Hai Tao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Critical Cross Section ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Composite Column ◽  
Load Carrying

The steel-plate-masonry composite structure is an innovative type of structural scheme popular in masonry structures with load-bearing walls removed for a large space. A total of 4 column specimens under static loading were tested to mainly study the failure modes, load-carrying capacity, and strain distribution in the critical cross-section. Results show that the composite columns started an initial failure from local buckling of the steel plate located between binding bolts; the main factors influencing load-carrying capacity included thickness of the steel plate, type of injected material, and initial column eccentricity; the working performance of the composite column with epoxy adhesive was better than that with cement grout; and re-distribution of compressive stress existed in the steel plates of the column. Also, the ratio of service load-carrying capacity to ultimate capacity of the steel-plate-masonry composite column is about 70%.

scholarly journals Shape optimization in exoskeletons and endoskeletons: a biomechanics analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (77) ◽  
pp. 3480-3489 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Taylor ◽  
Jan-Henning Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Longitudinal Splitting ◽  
Loading Mode ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Sophisticated Model ◽  
Using Data

This paper addresses the question of strength and mechanical failure in exoskeletons and endoskeletons. We developed a new, more sophisticated model to predict failure in bones and other limb segments, modelled as hollow tubes of radius r and thickness t . Five failure modes were considered: transverse fracture; buckling (of three different kinds) and longitudinal splitting. We also considered interactions between failure modes. We tested the hypothesis that evolutionary adaptation tends towards an optimum value of r/t , this being the value which gives the highest strength (i.e. load-carrying capacity) for a given weight. We analysed two examples of arthropod exoskeletons: the crab merus and the locust tibia, using data from the literature and estimating the stresses during typical activities. In both cases, the optimum r/t value for bending was found to be different from that for axial compression. We found that the crab merus experiences similar levels of bending and compression in vivo and that its r/t value represents an ideal compromise to resist these two types of loading. The locust tibia, however, is loaded almost exclusively in bending and was found to be optimized for this loading mode. Vertebrate long bones were found to be far from optimal, having much lower r/t values than predicted, and in this respect our conclusions differ from those of previous workers. We conclude that our theoretical model, though it has some limitations, is useful for investigating evolutionary development of skeletal form in exoskeletons and endoskeletons.

Laboratory Tests on Masonry Vaults with Backfill Strengthened at the Extrados

2014 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 510-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Hojdys ◽  
Piotr Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Masonry Vaults ◽  
Strengthening Method

This paper deals with the experimental behavior of two masonry vaults strengthened externally with a composite material. Thickness, internal span and rise of the vaults were 120 mm, 2000 mm and 730 mm, respectively. Masonry was made of solid clay bricks and lime mortar. An alkali-resistant coated glass fiber grid embedded in a cement-based matrix was used as strengthening material. The tensile strength of the glass grid as specified by its manufacturers was about 45kN/m. Both of the tested vaults were strengthened at their extrados. Expanded clay aggregate or lightweight concrete were used as a backfill. The vaults were tested under monotonic vertical loads applied at a quarter span. The main aim of the research presented here was to develop a strengthening method acceptable for vaults with frescoes, to determine the load-carrying capacity and to examine failure modes of the tested specimens. The results of the tests show that observed failure modes depend on the backfill configuration.

Performance of the Casing-Plug Joints of Square Steel Tube Structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 462-463 ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
Xiu Gen Jiang ◽  
Ning Xu ◽  
Xu Dong Shi ◽  
Yu Huan Wu ◽  
Xing Hua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Tube Cross Section ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Square Steel Tube

The performance of the casing-plug joint, including load carrying capacity, stiffness, failure modes, and its influence factors of the casing tubes set inside and outside of the main tubes are analyzed by simulating square steel tube casing-plug joints structures with ANSYS software in this paper. The formulas of the optimum l/L for the joints with the size of the main tube cross-section 200mm× 200mm are given in this paper.

Effect of CFRP Thickness on Load-Carrying Capacities and Failure Modes of Strengthened RC Beams

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Guo Wen Yao ◽  
Mao Sheng Li ◽  
Shi Ya Li
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Rc Beams ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Carbon Fiber Laminate ◽  
Externally Bonded ◽  
Ultimate Loading

The effect of thickness of externally bonded carbon fiber laminate (CFRP) on load-carrying capacity and failure modes was analyzed for the strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams under bending load. According to the balance equations of applied force and moment, the relation was obtained between ultimate loading of strengthened beam and thickness of CFRP, and the failure modes were predicted for the CFRP strengthened beams. The load-carrying capacity of strengthened RC beam is higher with thicker externally bonded CFRP until it reaches the ultimate loading. The mechanical analysis is in good agreement with the three-point bending experiments performed on CFRP strengthened RC beams.

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