scholarly journals URBAN SPATIAL PATTERN AND CARBON EMISSION INTERCONNECTIVITY IN A SUB-SAHARAN CITY, NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Dyachia Zakka ◽  
Ariva Sugandi Permana ◽  
M. Rafee Majid
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
High Traffic Volume ◽  
The City

This study analyses the spatial pattern of Kaduna City in Sub-Saharan region and its vicinity to ascertain its influence on urban interaction and implications towards carbon emission. It employed a questionnaire-based research for the collection of socio-economic, traffic and spatial data. Meanwhile, spatial data was derived in secondary form from relevant organizations. The study reveals a steady increase in the built-up areas which covered 17,121 hectares representing 53% of the total area of the city. It also identified a mono-centric land use pattern for the city. The interconnection between the city centre and the residential areas has resulted in high traffic volume during the morning and evening peak hours on working days. The study also found that carbon emission at points along major routes in the city ranges between 1169 to1884 ppm. Considering the present performance of the city, the study suggests to adopt traditional red-ocean strategies, which are maximizing the carbon sequestration through optimizing urban ecology while minimizing the need for motorized transport using urban planning principles.

scholarly journals URBAN SPATIAL PATTERN AND CARBON EMISSION INTERCONNECTIVITY IN A SUB-SAHARAN CITY, NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Dyachia Zakka ◽  
Ariva Sugandi Permana ◽  
M. Rafee Majid
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
High Traffic Volume ◽  
The City

This study analyses the spatial pattern of Kaduna City in Sub-Saharan region and its vicinity to ascertain its influence on urban interaction and implications towards carbon emission. It employed a questionnaire-based research for the collection of socio-economic, traffic and spatial data. Meanwhile, spatial data was derived in secondary form from relevant organizations. The study reveals a steady increase in the built-up areas which covered 17,121 hectares representing 53% of the total area of the city. It also identified a mono-centric land use pattern for the city. The interconnection between the city centre and the residential areas has resulted in high traffic volume during the morning and evening peak hours on working days. The study also found that carbon emission at points along major routes in the city ranges between 1169 to1884 ppm. Considering the present performance of the city, the study suggests to adopt traditional red-ocean strategies, which are maximizing the carbon sequestration through optimizing urban ecology while minimizing the need for motorized transport using urban planning principles.

scholarly journals SPATIAL PATTERN OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR FOR THE MONTREAL URBAN COMMUNITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohel Reza Amin ◽  
Umma Tamima
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Development Indicator ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The City

The City of Montreal initiated a First Strategic Plan for Sustainable Development in 2005 followed by a Community and Corporate Sustainable Development Plan in 2010–2015. This study proposes a sustainable urban development indicator (SUDI) for each Montreal Urban Community (MUC) to evaluate the achievements of sustainable development plans. This study identifies thirty-two variables as the attributes of sustainable urban development. The multivariate technique and Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis are applied to determine the spatial pattern of SUDI for each MUC. The spatial pattern of SUDI identifies that Ville Marie, Verdun, Sud-Ouest, Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve and Plateau Mont-Royal have strong sustainable development. The findings of this study help the City of Montreal to understand the improvement of the sustainable development plans for Montreal city and to distribute the municipal budget for the community benefits accordingly.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Modernist Approach through Buildings in Kayseri, Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
Hikmet Eldek Güner
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
New Public ◽  
Modern Style ◽  
Early Republican ◽  
The City

Kayseri was an important commercial city throughout history, and with the declaration of the Republic, it continued its importance in different areas. The city has many original buildings from the Early Republican Period and was a model of modernisation set on a western ideology. Modernisation of the Republic was started with industrialisation. Consequently, Kayseri became an industrial city in the early 20th century. Investments (both economic and spatial) made by government were later continued by the private sector. Industrialisation was seen as the most important dynamic of development and key to modernisation. This situation resulted in the establishment of a new Kayseri around the industrial area and was viewed as an example for a modern Turkey. These industrial areas were constructed close to the boundary of the city centre. At the same time, the city centre was reconstructed according to modern city planning and the new style (modern style). The ceremonial ground (city square), an urban grid system, wide main transport routes, new public and municipal buildings, which were symbols of international style, were constructed by destroying the historic city centre in the Early Republic Period.The Republic was not only constructing new public buildings in a modern style; it was tried to build a new life with the modern residential areas. Instead of the traditional dwellings, modern houses were constructed to illustrate the new lifestyle together with new functional buildings such as modern education complexes, a community centre, stadium and train station were all constructed to show how to live the modern life.The city gained a new face with the changes starting from 1930. Today, many buildings, belonging to the Early Republican Period, are not being considered in the conservation of cultural heritage and are in danger. Industrial complexes, residential areas, public places are seen as a building stock destined to disappear and be replaced by new buildings. These earlier buildings hold important historical, social, economic and political values. Similarly, construction techniques and materials were also unique for that period.The aim of this study is to draw attention to the 20th century buildings in Kayseri constructed in the Early Republic Period, and classify these buildings under different headings (industry, housing, public space, educational space, open spaces) with the photographs, plans and history, thus defining their values and why they must be conserved. Republic was not only constructed new public buildings in modern style, it was tried to build a new life with the modern residential areas. Instead of the traditional dwellings, modern houses were constructed for point out of new life style and also new functioned buildings like as modern education complexes, community center, stadium, train station were constructed to show how to live in the modern life. The city has gained a new face with the changes starting from 1930. Today many buildings, belonging to the Early Republican Period, are not being considered in the conservation of cultural heritage and they are in danger. Industrial complexes, residential areas, public places are seen as a stock of a building and faced to disappear for constructed for the new buildings. They have very important values like as historical, social, economic and politic. Also construction techniques and materials were also unique for that period. The aim of this study is, to attract attention on 20th century buildings in Kayseri which are constructed in Early Republic Period, to classify these buildings in different headings (industry, housing, public space, educational space, open space …etc) with the photographs, plans and history. In general, meaning the main aim of this study is to define their values and explain why they must be conserved.

scholarly journals Urban area change visualization and analysis using high density spatial data from time series aerial images

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihan Altuntas
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Earth Fill ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical Periods

AbstractUrban changes occur as a result of new constructions or destructions of buildings, extensions, excavation works and earth fill arising from urbanization or disasters. The fast and efficient detection of urban changes enables us to update geo-databases and allows effective planning and disaster management. This study concerns the visualization and analysis of urban changes using multi-period point clouds from aerial images. The urban changes in the city centre of the Konya Metropolitan area within arbitrary periods between the years 1951, 1975, 1998 and 2010 were estimated after comparing the point clouds by using the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. The changes were detected with the point-to-surface distances between the point clouds. The degrees of the changes were expressed with the RMSEs of these point-to-surface distances. In addition, the change size and proportion during the historical periods were analysed. The proposed multi-period change visualization and analysis method ensures strict management against unauthorized building or excavation and more operative urban planning.

scholarly journals The Warsaw soundscape - structure and specifics

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Romanowska
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Acoustic Ecology ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The City

Abstract The Warsaw soundscape has been examined according to the principles of acoustic ecology. The soundscape is the acoustic environment tested primarily by qualitative research. Warsaw residents were asked in a survey about their sound impressions and requirements for the Warsaw soundscape. The aim of this research was to learn both the conditions of acoustic environment and the needs of space users in accordance with the space category. The present and expected sound structures of five different categories of space were examined (residential areas, streets, city centre, tourist areas and green areas). Information on both the specific Warsaw sounds and the ideas for new sounds (which could be introduced into the city) was collected.

scholarly journals FORTIFICATION OBIECTS AND STREET NETWORK DEVELOPMENT IN THE HISTORICAL PART OF CHERNIVTSI CITY IN THE 18th-20th CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (13) ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
Mykola Bevz ◽  
Oleksandr Kyshlyaruk
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Network Development ◽  
City Development ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Street Network ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
The City

Formation and development of the central part of Chernivtsi is a long historical process. The settlement, which emerged in the XIV century, underwent major urban transformations that took place during the XVIII-XX centuries. They became an important period of creation of the renewed structure plan of the city area which is still in operation. The historical city centre has been changing its structure, size, functional organization during a long time. The objective of the research is to study and compare the main parameters and characteristics of the city at certain historical stages by analysing the development of its transport network. The purpose of the article is to review and analyse available cartographic materials and study the street network development in the historical part of the city in the late XVIII - XX centuries. The article highlights the factors that played an important role in the formation and development of Chernivtsi city centre, in particular, strengthening and expansion of economic ties. According to the findings, discovery of new trade routes became a decisive factor that influenced the development of Chernivtsi, determined the city structure and directions of the main streets. Other important factors include natural conditions and local terrain, social economic and administrative impact. Studies have shown that the historical centre of Chernivtsi evolved according to the existing structure plan. Analysis of cartographic materials and historical sources allows to characterize the basic principles of urban development. Expansion of the street network and squares, as well as trends in the planning of residential areas provide an opportunity to assess their nature, scale and size. Topographical maps enabled us to devise comparative schemes of urban development and evolution of city boundaries throughout the studied period. The city center moved gradually to new areas in the south-western direction. This feature of the city development provides important materials for urban study. This work can be primarily aimed at studying the urban planning structure, defense lines, public spaces, etc. The city developed in an extensive way, pushing the boundaries of the city center, creating new parallel urban complexes with new central squares. The most difficult task for scientists today is to localize these boundaries for different stages. The next difficult task is to find out old defense systems existed in the different parts of the city in the past. A completely unresolved question is how defense complexes influenced the development of the planning structure. The study allowed to highlight the prerequisites for major urban transformations in the historical part of Chernivtsi in the XVIII - XX centuries.

scholarly journals Implementation and Advancement of a Rural Residential Concentration Strategy in the Suburbs of Shanghai

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Yishao Shi ◽  
Haoran Ren ◽  
Xiatong Guo ◽  
Tianhui Tao
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Rural Planning ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Process Pattern ◽  
Population Concentration ◽  
Residential Distribution ◽  
Planning And Construction ◽  
The City

Rural residential concentration was one of the important tasks of the “Three Concentrations” strategy implemented in the suburbs of Shanghai in the mid-1990s. The aims of this paper are to comprehensively evaluate the process, pattern and effects of residential concentration in the suburbs of Shanghai over the past 20 years, clarify the direction and focus of development, and propose suggestions for existing deficiencies. Based on remote sensing images and statistical data, the implementation and effects of the rural residential concentration strategy from 1990 to 2015 were analysed using landscape indexes and geospatial analysis. The results are as follows: (1) according to the changes in the landscape pattern and spatial structure, the trends in population concentration in the suburbs of Shanghai are obvious. (2) Before 1995, the trend of population diffusion was conspicuous. After 1995, the period of population diffusion gradually shifted to a period of population agglomeration. The rate of population concentration increased rapidly from 2000 to 2010 and then became moderate after 2010. (3) In 1990, most of the rural residential areas were distributed within 14–52 km of the city centre, the distribution of residential area in each ring was relatively uniform, and the overall distribution was scattered and uniform. By 2015, the rural population gradually converged in the inner suburbs, and the centralized distribution gradually changed to within 16–32 km of the city centre. (4) In 1990, most of the rural residential areas were located north-northwest, southeast, and southwest of the People’s Square. By 2015, the areas southwest and southeast of the People’s Square became the focus of rural residential distribution. These findings provide a useful reference for future rural planning and construction.

scholarly journals Urban Sprawl Typology in Semarang City

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Yutri Aprillia ◽  
Bitta Pigawati
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Zoning Regulations ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The population and economic growth increase the need of space leading to an increase in built-up area. There is an increased activity in the city centre which results in the residents feeling less comfortable to live in the area. Hence, the growth of the settlement area tends to head towards the periphery. This condition is an indication of the developments of the built-up area in the periphery. Urban sprawl is a phenomenon of development of an irregular built-up area which leads to the suburbs. Urban development as a result of urban sprawl will trigger an increase in the demand for supporting facilities and infrastructure. An urban Sprawl in Semarang City has resulted in the establishment of residential areas in a conserved region, which is against zoning regulations in the Semarang City Spatial Planning Document (RTRW). Urban Sprawl Typology Research in Semarang City aims to analyse the urban sprawl typology in the city. By knowing the typology, it can minimise the impact of urban sprawl. This research was conducted using the remote sensing method and geographic information system (GIS) with the Shannon's Entropy approach. The results indicated that in 2006 and 2016, urban sprawl in Semarang City had three types of typology that can be classified as typology I (low level), typology II (medium level) and typology III (high level). The impact of urban sprawl on typology II and III can be minimised through the provision of affordable housing with adequate infrastructure, and an improvement in the permit system for housing and settlement development.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY AND ARCHITECTURE: CONTRIBUTION RETROSPECT IN KARACHI DURING THE BRITISH RAJ

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-73
Author(s):  
Hira Ovais
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
British Raj ◽  
City Formation ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Communities play a vital role in the development of any society, both in terms of political and commercial ambiance and culture and social character which contributes in the city formation. Karachi is an excellent example of it. Over the years the city has evolved from wilderness to being the most populous city of the world. It houses many imported traditions, which have mixed with local values over the years. Karachi, in 1900s was dominated by many ethnic communities, which resulted in the rise of a class system, which in turn lead to the emergence of communal enclaves to create a sense of communal values. Until independence of the sub-continent in 1947, these communities worked together and flourish Karachi. Saddar Bazaar, the city centre of Karachi was mainly occupied by these communities. Saddar was laid as a camp by the British in the late nineteenth century and was later used not only as a marketplace, but also consisted supporting functions like storage facilities, religious places, schools, coffee houses, cinemas, bars, billiard rooms, restaurants and residential areas. The merchants who came from India started their commercial activities here. During the Colonial rule, Saddar flousrished not only in terms of trade and commerce, but also in terms of architecture. By the 19th century the British had already established a design language for the architecture of the public buildings of the sub-continent. But after the involvement of the localcommunities, this language was transformed and either hybrid forms were created (i.e. blending of European features with balconies and chajjas of different proportions) or purely local architectural forms based on the requirement of the locals were constructed. The transformation of European architectural language and its ornamentation into local buildings were observed in many structures. Some of them were built by British architects and engineers and others by the local firms under the British influence. This paper documents and analyses two such hybrid design buildings, which reflect the lifestyles of the communities through the built form characteristics, details and formal and spatial characteristics.

scholarly journals How Do Urban Neighbourhoods Impact Parents’ Subjective Well-being?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Jaana Poikolainen ◽  
Kati Honkanen
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

Introduction: In this paper, parents’ well-being is examined from their subjective point of view of their living experiences in a certain residential area. The subjective viewpoint is relevant as the focus of the research is interlinked with residential areas. Aims: The research aims to determine what meaning parents ascribe to their residential area (suburb or city centre) as a space for physical, social and psychological well-being. It also aims to discover whether there are qualitative differences between the given meanings of parents living in different areas. Methods: The data were acquired through semi-structured interviews with parents who live in a suburb or the city centre of Lahti, Finland. Data analysis was conducted using abductive thematic analysis. Results: The results revealed that physical, social and psychological spaces were experienced differently depending on the residential area in question. In parents’ narration about the physical space, in both areas the basic services were defined as valuable for well-being. Parents living in the suburb experienced the natural environment as an important source of well-being. When talking about the social space, the parents living in the suburb emphasised social networks and the importance of building well-being bridges in their neighbourhood, unlike the city dwellers. The psychological space was connected to the reputation and security of the residential area. An important well-being factor for all parents was the well-being of their children, with an emphasis on the safety of the residential area. Discussion: Subjective assessments of neighbourhood attributes are more important in explaining neighbourhood satisfaction than any perceived reputation. Parents’ ways of thinking and acting in certain residential areas appear to tie in with the social capital that forms social resources. Almost all parents who participated in this research estimated their well-being as rather high, irrespective of their socioeconomic status, but the city centre residents rated their well-being even higher.

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