scholarly journals Preliminary toxicity and thin layer chromatographic studies of Pteleopsis habeensis leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Falmata M. Aliyu ◽  
Fave Tata ◽  
Fatimah H. Ashemi
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Oral acute toxicity test in which a single dose is used in an animal on one occasion is to identify the gross behaviour and the dose that will cause the animal to die. To investigate the phytoconstituents and toxicity of different extracts of P. habeensis in wistar strain Albino rats. The acute toxicity was determined through oral administration of different doses of P. haeensis leaf extracts to Wistar albino rats in increasing concentrations to ascertain its safety. The animals were monitored daily for 10 days for signs of toxicity such changes in their general behaviour and death as endpoint. The lethal dose (LD50) of P. habeensis leaves extract were found to be ≥ 4000 mg/kgand there was no any sign of toxicity or changes in the gross behaviour when observed. The extracts were found to contain some important phytochemical constituent such as alkaloid, flavonoids, Tannin and Triterpenoids. TLC studies illustrated the spots of different phytoconstituent presents. The findings revealed that with the different extracts of P. habeensis no sign of toxicity on short term exposure of a single dose and contains different active constituent which are associated with some pharmacological effects.

scholarly journals Preliminary toxicity and thin layer chromatographic studies of Pteleopsis habeensis leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Falmata M. Aliyu ◽  
Fave Tata ◽  
Fatimah H. Ashemi
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Oral acute toxicity test in which a single dose is used in an animal on one occasion is to identify the gross behaviour and the dose that will cause the animal to die. To investigate the phytoconstituents and toxicity of different extracts of P. habeensis in wistar strain Albino rats. The acute toxicity was determined through oral administration of different doses of P. haeensis leaf extracts to Wistar albino rats in increasing concentrations to ascertain its safety. The animals were monitored daily for 10 days for signs of toxicity such changes in their general behaviour and death as endpoint. The lethal dose (LD50) of P. habeensis leaves extract were found to be ≥ 4000 mg/kgand there was no any sign of toxicity or changes in the gross behaviour when observed. The extracts were found to contain some important phytochemical constituent such as alkaloid, flavonoids, Tannin and Triterpenoids. TLC studies illustrated the spots of different phytoconstituent presents. The findings revealed that with the different extracts of P. habeensis no sign of toxicity on short term exposure of a single dose and contains different active constituent which are associated with some pharmacological effects.

Acute Toxicity Assessment of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum L. on Wistar Albino Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Priyanga ◽  
S. Hemmalakshmi ◽  
B. Vidya ◽  
P. Chella Perumal ◽  
V. K. Gopalakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

scholarly journals Sucralose induced pancreatic toxicity in albino rats: Histomorphological evidence

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gupta ◽  
S. Kalra ◽  
V. Bharihoke ◽  
D. Dhurandhar
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Pancreatic Toxicity ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
And Control

AbstractIn the present world people have become conscious of the fact that sugar is one of the commonest culprits for gain in weight and blood sugar in diabetes. One of the artificial sweetener, sucralose is widely used by diabetics is still under strict scrutiny because of the contradictory feedbacks obtained from various studies, often discouraging its use. Therefore, there arises a need to check whether the use of sucralose is safe or not. The present study was designed to determine to evaluate and compare the histological changes of sucralose on the islets of pancreas in albino rats. Methods: The adult Wistar albino rats were given sucralose orally by gavage in the dose of 3gms/kg body weight/day dissolved in distilled water and only distilled water for 30 days to experimental and control groups respectively. The animals were weighed prior to and after the experiment. The animals were sacrificed on day 31. The pancreas was dissected and observed grossly. Tissue was processed; paraffin blocks were prepared and 8 micron thick sections were cut. Sections were stained with Haemotoxylin and Eosin and Gomori's stains. Results: Pancreatic toxicity was observed in the form of vaculation of islets, lymphocytic infilterate, degeneration of islets and acini of Pancreas. The commonly used non-lethal dose of sucralose induced damage to Pancreas is startling. Conclusion: The results obtained have wide implications for nutrient sensing and nutrition in the treatment of obesity and diabetes.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of Cordia africana (Lam.) (Boraginaceae) Leaf Extracts and Solvent Fractions in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash ◽  
Dayananda Bhoumik ◽  
Birhanetensay Masresha Altaye ◽  
Helen Bitew Tareke ◽  
Brhane Teklebrhan Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Cordia Africana

Background. Malaria remains a major worldwide public health problem leading to death of millions of people. Spread and emergence of antimalarial drug resistance are the major challenge in malaria control. Medicinal plants are the key source of new effective antimalarial agents. Cordia africana (Lam.) is widely used for traditional management of malaria by local people in different parts of Ethiopia. The present study aimed to evaluate in vivo antimalarial effects of leaf extracts and solvent fractions of Cordia africana on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Methods. The leaf extracts were prepared and tested for oral acute toxicity according to the OECD guideline. In vivo antimalarial effects of various doses of C. africana extracts and solvent fractions were determined using the four-day suppression test (both crude and fractions), as well as curative and chemoprophylactic tests (crude extracts). Results. The acute toxicity test of the plant extract revealed that the medium lethal dose is higher than 2000 mg/kg. The crude extract of the plant exhibited significant parasitemia suppression in the four-day suppression (51.19%), curative (57.14%), and prophylactic (46.48%) tests at 600 mg/kg. The n-butanol fraction exhibited the highest chemosuppression (55.62%) at 400 mg/kg, followed by the chloroform fraction (45.04%) at the same dose. Conclusion. Our findings indicated that both the crude leaf extracts and fractions of C. africana possess antimalarial effects, supporting the traditional claim of the plant.

Acute toxicity, biochemical and haematological study of Aframomum melegueta seed oil in male Wistar albino rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monday Isaiah Akpanabiatu ◽  
Ndifereke Daniel Ekpo ◽  
Usenobong Friday Ufot ◽  
Nsikan Malachy Udoh ◽  
Enomfon Jonah Akpan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Haematological Study

scholarly journals TOXICITY EVALUATION OF AMMONIUM SULFATE TO ALBINO RAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Siva Kumar T ◽  
Shobha Rani A ◽  
Sujatha K ◽  
Purushotham B ◽  
Neeraja P
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was designed to find out the acute median lethal dose (LD50) of ammonium sulfate (inorganic fertilizer) in Wister albino rats.Methods: A single dose of ammonium sulfate dissolved in distilled water (Milli-Q) and administered intraperitoneally at concentrations of 10, 30, 50,70, 90, 110, 130, and 170 mg/kg body weight, respectively, to experimental animals, and then, they were observed every 3 hrs from prior dose giventime, later 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, to 48 hrs of noticing any abnormal behaviors and toxic signs, symptoms. After 48 hrs, counted the number of ratsdeparted in each group and mortality percentage was calculated.Results: The obtained results were evaluated by the Statistical Probit Analysis Method and 48 hrs LD value for albino rats was found tobe 91.5 mg/kg. At a single dose of 10 mg/kg, there is no morality and toxic behaviors were observed. Therefore, this concentration is considered asno observed adverse effect level dose.Conclusion: From the earlier consequences, identification and evaluation of the LD5050 against ammonium sulfate is crucial for understanding thehyperammonemia because ammonium sulfate has been highly utilized as inorganic fertilizer in agriculture and household gardens. Thus, theknowledge about toxic impacts of ammonia useful for clinical or toxicological approaches; however, the toxicity data are unclear. Hence, the in vitroLD50 evaluations of target chemical in Wistar rats is highly associated toward in ammonia-related peculiar disorders perceptive and therapy.Keywords: Ammonium sulfate, Fertilizer, Median lethal dose, Mortality, No observed adverse effect level.

scholarly journals The Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Annona Muricata (Graviola) on Radiation-Induced Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrah Keskin ◽  
Özlem Elmas ◽  
Havva Hande Keser Şahin ◽  
Çağhan Tönge ◽  
Ahmet Günaydın
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Injury ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract Background: In radiotherapy (RT) exposure area, normal tissues are also affected that may cause serious complications in the patients. This study aimed to evaluate Annona muricata’s radioprotective effects on sciatic nerve injury due to ionizing radiation (IR). Methods and Results: 32 adult female Wistar albino rats separated into 4 equal groups; Control (C), Annona muricata leaf extracts (AME), radiation (RAD), radiation and Annona muricata leaf extracts (AME+RAD). In groups AME and AME+RAD, Annona muricata leaf extracts were administered at a dose of 300 mg/kg for the first day and 50 mg/kg everyday for following one week intraperitoneally. In RAD and AME+RAD, rats were exposed to a single dose of 20 Gray IR to their right legs. All the subjects were sacrified at the end of the first month. Oxidative stress biochemical parameters (SOD, CAT and GPx) from blood samples were analyzed. Right sciatic nerves extracted and histomorphology evaluated. Statistically significant vasculature, degenerative and necrotic changes were observed in RAD, compared to C and AME (p<0,01). Swelling in myelin sheath was predominantly seen in RAD. Alterations in the level of CAT (p<0,01), SOD (p<0,01) and GPx (p<0,05) in AME+RAD group compared to RAD group were found to be statistically significant.Conclusion: Our study unveiled that AM could have a potential of biochemically and histomorphology healing on sciatic nerve injury due to ionizing radiation.

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