scholarly journals Sucralose induced pancreatic toxicity in albino rats: Histomorphological evidence

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gupta ◽  
S. Kalra ◽  
V. Bharihoke ◽  
D. Dhurandhar
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Pancreatic Toxicity ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
And Control

AbstractIn the present world people have become conscious of the fact that sugar is one of the commonest culprits for gain in weight and blood sugar in diabetes. One of the artificial sweetener, sucralose is widely used by diabetics is still under strict scrutiny because of the contradictory feedbacks obtained from various studies, often discouraging its use. Therefore, there arises a need to check whether the use of sucralose is safe or not. The present study was designed to determine to evaluate and compare the histological changes of sucralose on the islets of pancreas in albino rats. Methods: The adult Wistar albino rats were given sucralose orally by gavage in the dose of 3gms/kg body weight/day dissolved in distilled water and only distilled water for 30 days to experimental and control groups respectively. The animals were weighed prior to and after the experiment. The animals were sacrificed on day 31. The pancreas was dissected and observed grossly. Tissue was processed; paraffin blocks were prepared and 8 micron thick sections were cut. Sections were stained with Haemotoxylin and Eosin and Gomori's stains. Results: Pancreatic toxicity was observed in the form of vaculation of islets, lymphocytic infilterate, degeneration of islets and acini of Pancreas. The commonly used non-lethal dose of sucralose induced damage to Pancreas is startling. Conclusion: The results obtained have wide implications for nutrient sensing and nutrition in the treatment of obesity and diabetes.

scholarly journals Four Weeks of Aerobic Training Affects Cardiac Tissue Matrix Metalloproteinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Malate Dehydrogenase Enzymes Activities, and Hepatorenal Biomarkers in Experimental Hyperhomocysteinemia in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6792
Author(s):  
Dusan Todorovic ◽  
Marija Stojanovic ◽  
Ana Medic ◽  
Kristina Gopcevic ◽  
Slavica Mutavdzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tissue Matrix ◽  
Increased Activity

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the application of homocysteine as well as its effect under the condition of aerobic physical activity on the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in cardiac tissue and on hepato-renal biochemical parameters in sera of rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 10, per group): C: 0.9% NaCl 0.2 mL/day subcutaneous injection (s.c.); H: homocysteine 0.45 µmol/g b.w./day s.c.; CPA saline (0.9% NaCl 0.2 mL/day s.c.) and a program of physical activity on a treadmill; and HPA homocysteine (0.45 µmol/g b.w./day s.c.) and a program of physical activity on a treadmill. Subcutaneous injection of substances was applied 2 times a day at intervals of 8 h during the first two weeks of experimental protocol. Hcy level in serum was significantly higher in the HPA group compared to the CPA group (p < 0.05). Levels of glucose, proteins, albumin, and hepatorenal biomarkers were higher in active groups compared with the sedentary group. It was demonstrated that the increased activities of LDH (mainly caused by higher activity of isoform LDH2) and mMDH were found under the condition of homocysteine-treated rats plus aerobic physical activity. Independent application of homocysteine did not lead to these changes. Physical activity leads to activation of MMP-2 isoform and to increased activity of MMP-9 isoform in both homocysteine-treated and control rats.

Detection of Lethal Dose 50 of Biofilm-producing Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Local Isolate From Mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abdullazeez Sheehan ◽  
Mohammed Khudor ◽  
Fanar Isihak
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protection Level ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Starting Dose ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

It is very important, before starting the manufacture of any vaccine from any microorganism estimation of LD₅₀ of that microorganism to determine their pathogenicity and virulence. Estimated LD₅₀ was very important to be used in challenge tests later to estimate the protection level of the manufactured vaccine in experimental animals. So, this study was aimed to estimate LD₅₀ of local methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterial isolate. A pilot study has been done to determine approximately LD₅₀ of used MRSA in the study by using different bacterial concentrations of MRSA to determine approximate LD₅₀ that can be able to kill half numbers of animals used in the study to be used later in the estimation of exact LD₅₀ by using of Up-and-Down method. Ninety Wistar albino rats have been used for this purpose, eighty-four animals which divided into fourteen groups by six animals for each group (for pilot study) and remained six animals for (Up-and-Down method). The results showed that 9 X 10¹⁰ CFU/ml was led to killing half number of animals used in the study, this dose has been used as starting dose in the Up-and-Down method to the estimation of the exact LD₅₀ dose. The results showed that 5.526 X 10¹⁰ CFU/ml was the exact LD₅₀ of local MRSA isolate, which will be used later in the challenge test to estimate the protection level of a locally prepared vaccine against MRSA isolate.

In Vivo Evaluation of Nano-HA/PDLLA Composite

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Mei Xiao ◽  
Hong Song Fan ◽  
Yao Wu ◽  
Jin Rui Xu ◽  
Y. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Porous Network ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavior of nano-hydroxyapatite/ poly(D,L)lactide (n-HA/PDLLA) composite in vivo. The composite rods containing about 40wt% n-HA and control HA rods with a diameter of 2mm and a length of 6mm were implanted into the femora of 16 New Zealand rabbits. Composite wafers with a diameter of 5mm and a thickness of 1mm were implanted into the dorsal subcutis of 18 Wistar Albino rats. After definite intervals, the histological analysis was completed by light microscopy and the degradation behavior was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The histological analysis showed no obvious difference between n-HA /PDLLA composite and pure HA that had good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. SEM analysis of the surface and cross section of the samples showed that the degradation of the composite started from surface, then into the inner gradually and formed multiple pores at surface. The pore size and porosity gradually increased along with time and a porous network may be formed.

Stereological examination of effects of ethanol on optic nerve in experimental alcohol model

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Igit ◽  
N Colcimen
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Optic Chiasma ◽  
Ethanol Group ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Control

The objective of the present study was to perform histological and stereological examination of alcohol-induced changes in the optic nerve, considered an extension of white matter of the brain, in rats. This study included 20 male Wistar albino rats aged 60 days and weighing 190–220 g. The rats were divided into three groups: ethanol ( n = 7), maltodextrin ( n = 7), and control ( n = 6) groups. The ethanol group was administered ethanol at a dose of 6.4% (v/v) instead of water for 18 days; the maltodextrin group received maltodextrin for the same time period, and the control group was the sham group. At the end of the experiment, a 0.5-mm long section of the optic nerve starting from the optic chiasma was dissected and examined with routine microscopic histological examination methods. The modified Cavalieri method was used for stereological measurement. Total tissue area ratios were calculated with a point grid provided by the Shtereom 1.5 software package. The statistical comparison of the groups revealed that the ethanol group had a significant reduction in the number of axons and sheath area of the optic nerve compared to the control and maltodextrin groups ( p < 0.017, p < 0.022, respectively). These results indicate the toxic effects of ethanol on the optic nerve.

scholarly journals Effect of Ethanol Extract of Cucurbita pepo Leaves on the Lipid Profile of Wistar Albino Rats

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
F. U. Eneh ◽  
G. C. Ugochukwu ◽  
C. M. Okoye
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
And Control

Aim: The role of nutrition in lipid metabolism continues to generate a lot of research interest, especially as dyslipidaemia is implicated in a host of diseases. The work investigated the effect of ethanol extract of  Curcubita pepo leaves on the lipid profile of Wister rats. Methodology: A total of 18 rats divided into three groups of 6 rats each were employed in the investigation. The first group (baseline) was sacrificed after purchase; second group (control) was fed rat chow, and the third group (test) was fed a composite feed containing rat chow and 10% extract of C. pepo leaves.  Results: The lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and VLDL) of the rats was assayed after 18 days of feeding and the result showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between the test group and control for the lipids assayed. However, there was a marked increase in the HDL level of the test group (0.500±0.057 mmol/L) compared to the control (0.268±0.043 mmol/L), it was nonetheless statistically non-significant (P=0.068).  The HDL increasing effect observed may stem from the rich phytochemistry of the leaves, as preliminary phytochemical investigation showed the leaves to contain saponin, tannin, alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides. Conclusion: We conclude that the leaves of C. pepo may play a medicinal role in maintaining lipid homeostasis.

Estimation of Median Lethal Dose of Cypermethrin and Betacyfluthrin

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brijender Bhushan ◽  
Prabhu Narain Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Regression Line ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Pyrethroid Pesticides ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Different Doses

Present study was aimed to evaluate the median lethal dose (LD50) of two broadly used, type II pyrethroid pesticides Cypermethrin and Beta-cyfluthrin against Wistar albino rats. The albino rats corresponding to experimental sets were orally administrated different doses of selected pyrethroids for estimation of median lethal dose. LD50 has been calculated by Log-dose/probit regression line method, and came out to be 416.98 and 354.8 mg/Kg b.wt. for Cypermethrin and Betacyfluthrin respectively. Difference in the median lethal of these compounds may be a consequence of structural differences

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF TRISHNAHARA (THIRST RELIEVING) PROPERTY OF TAKRABHEDA (BUTTERMILK) MENTIONED IN BHAVAPRAKASHA IN GREESHMARITU

AYUSHDHARA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 2631-2635
Author(s):  
Amritha MS ◽  
Santhosh C ◽  
N.Manojkumar
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

Takra is one of the important Paniya (drinks) in Indian culture. It is common drink used abundantly especially during the summer season. The main reason for its ample usage as a drink during summer might be the sudden relief it provides to the thirst and fatigue due to extreme heat. Literature review on the Ayurvedic concept of Takra shows it possesses Ushna Veerya and Amla Vipaka, which in turn increases the Pitta inside the body and will leads to thirst rather than decreasing thirst especially in Greehma Ritu. Thus, there exist a paradox in the literature and practice. Thus a study was conducted to find out the Trishnahara property of Takrabheda in Greeshma Ritu. In the experiment total intake of water by each group after administering specific variety of buttermilk were calculated. The study was conducted during Greeshmaritu in wistar albino rats. Numbers of groups were six which included Ghola, Matita, Takra, Udasvit Caccika and Control. statistical analysis was done by ANOVA followed by Dunnet multiple comparison as post hoc test, if p<0.05 using graph pad instant software and by ANOVA followed by Tukey Kramer as post hoc test, if p<0.05 using graph pad instant software. It is concluded that Takrabheda is not having Trishnahara property when compared with the control group in Greeshma Ritu because of its Ushna, Ruksha Guna of Takrabheda. But in Vasanta Ritu, Acarya advised the intake of Dipana, Laghu and Ruksha Ahara. So, Takra can be an effective Paniya during Vasanta Rithu.

scholarly journals Preliminary toxicity and thin layer chromatographic studies of Pteleopsis habeensis leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Falmata M. Aliyu ◽  
Fave Tata ◽  
Fatimah H. Ashemi
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Oral acute toxicity test in which a single dose is used in an animal on one occasion is to identify the gross behaviour and the dose that will cause the animal to die. To investigate the phytoconstituents and toxicity of different extracts of P. habeensis in wistar strain Albino rats. The acute toxicity was determined through oral administration of different doses of P. haeensis leaf extracts to Wistar albino rats in increasing concentrations to ascertain its safety. The animals were monitored daily for 10 days for signs of toxicity such changes in their general behaviour and death as endpoint. The lethal dose (LD50) of P. habeensis leaves extract were found to be ≥ 4000 mg/kgand there was no any sign of toxicity or changes in the gross behaviour when observed. The extracts were found to contain some important phytochemical constituent such as alkaloid, flavonoids, Tannin and Triterpenoids. TLC studies illustrated the spots of different phytoconstituent presents. The findings revealed that with the different extracts of P. habeensis no sign of toxicity on short term exposure of a single dose and contains different active constituent which are associated with some pharmacological effects.

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