scholarly journals “Quando o fascismo se tornava cada vez mais forte”: Direito e emancipação em Franz Neumann e Boaventura de Sousa Santos

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Pedro Bigolin Neto ◽  
Jose Rodrigo Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Current Debate ◽  
State Law ◽  
Human History ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Franz Neumann

<p><strong>RESUMO:</strong></p><p>Este trabalho tem por objetivo trazer as contribuições teóricas de Franz Neumann e Boaventura de Sousa Santos no que tange ao direito e à emancipação. Primeiro são resgatados aspectos históricos das relações entre Estado, Direito e capitalismo. Em seguida são traçadas algumas características das perspectivas dos pensadores, que são posteriormente analisadas em conjunto. Com formações e vivências diversas, os dois autores contribuem para se pensar formas de emancipação social a partir do Direito, ambos polissêmicos. Constata-se semelhanças e divergências entre suas propostas, as últimas notadamente na visão a respeito do direito, que enriquecem o debate atual. Enquanto aquele trabalha primordialmente numa concepção estatal, este transita do local ao global. Ambos enxergam no capitalismo uma barreira para a emancipação e consideram imprescindível transformar os campos estatais, sociais e jurídicos nas páginas da história humana. As próximas, em branco, estão em disputa. A pesquisa é de cunho bibliográfico.</p><p> <strong>ABSTRACT:</strong></p><p>This paper aims to bring theoretical contributions from Franz Neumann and Boaventura de Sousa Santos regarding to law and emancipation. Firstly, historical aspects of relations between State, Law and capitalism are retrieved. Hereupon, some characteristics concerning the two thinkers’ perspectives are outlined and then analyzed en bloc. Having distinct formations and experiences, the two authors contribute to think forms of social emancipation through law, both polissemic terms. Similarities and divergences between their propositions are evidenced, namely in their visions concerning law, which enriches the current debate. While Neumann works mainly in a stateview, Santos transits from local to global. Both see in capitalism a hurdle to emancipation and consider vital to transform state, social and juridical fields in the pages of human history. The next ones, in blank, are in dispute. The research is bibliographical.</p>

scholarly journals Die filioque: Ekumeniese speelbal of reformatories teologiese noodsaaklikheid

1994 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Otto ◽  
J. H. Koekemoer
Keyword(s):  
Original Form ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Ecumenical Movement ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Theological Language ◽  
The Trinity

The filioque The current debate within the ecumenical movement about the filioque has its origin in the Greek Orthodox church’s demand that the Nicenco- Constantinopolitanum be accepted in its original form. Only if a universally acceptable symbol is found, can there be any hope of progress in the movement to unity. The choice put by the ecumenical movement is between unity and filioque. It is the contention in this article that this choice is a false one. From an overview of the most important historical aspects of the problem, the reader is confronted by the problem. This is followed by a discussion of the points of view of the orthodox church, the ecumenical movement and Protestant theology. This discussion shows the impasse which the choice between fdioque and unity creates. A discussion of the concept of models, as instrument within theological language, has as goal to show that this impasse can be solved. I f theological language uses models in its discussions, any talk about filioque will be open to more than one interpretation. Filioque can still be used to say something about the Trinity, even in the ecumenical movement.

scholarly journals Epidemiological analysis of the Eyam plague outbreak of 1665–1666

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1830) ◽  
pp. 20160618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilith K. Whittles ◽  
Xavier Didelot
Keyword(s):  
Compartmental Model ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Human History ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Infection Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
The Village

Plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis , is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in human history, and still causes worrying outbreaks in Africa and South America. Despite the historical and current importance of plague, several questions remain unanswered concerning its transmission routes and infection risk factors. The plague outbreak that started in September 1665 in the Derbyshire village of Eyam claimed 257 lives over 14 months, wiping out entire families. Since previous attempts at modelling the Eyam plague, new data have been unearthed from parish records revealing a much more complete record of the disease. Using a stochastic compartmental model and Bayesian analytical methods, we found that both rodent-to-human and human-to-human transmission played an important role in spreading the infection, and that they accounted, respectively, for a quarter and three-quarters of all infections, with a statistically significant seasonality effect. We also found that the force of infection was stronger for infectious individuals living in the same household compared with the rest of the village. Poverty significantly increased the risk of disease, whereas adulthood decreased the risk. These results on the Eyam outbreak contribute to the current debate on the relative importance of plague transmission routes.

scholarly journals Legal Justice and Historical Aspects of the Appearance of Criminality

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Mevledin Mustafi
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Human History ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Special Instrument ◽  
Behavioral Rules ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Economic Ties

Criminality as a negative and dangerous social phenomenon presents a social occurrence manifested in different forms during the entire course of human history. Historically, it has been proved that since the ancient times of existence of human society, since primitive community, there have been not only deviations, but also other forms of excessive behavior through breaking the rules, values and social relations of life where they existed. However, the forms of breaking such behavioral rules and the manner of reaction towards these behaviors have changed during the course of development of human communities in accordance to economic ties and as a result also to those cultural. With time passing and the emergence of classes in societies, as well as due to the influence of economic conditions in the life of all members of organized society within a state, crime became a more massive social phenomenon. Thus, in order to successfully develop the fight against it, within class societies emerged a special instrument: the law through which certain behaviors were regulated.

scholarly journals Africa and The Decline of The Democracy Debate

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Mohamed Salih
Keyword(s):  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Human History ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation ◽  
Institutional Politics ◽  
Keynote Speech ◽  
Democratic Spaces ◽  
Second World

The debate on the decline of democracy is not new. It can be traced to the period between the First and Second World Wars, and it resurfaced during the 1970s, followed by the most spectacular dem- ocratic resurgence in human history. This lecture focuses on the current debate on the decline of democracy and downward trends in major democracy assessment indices. Africa is among the three least democratic world regions, with 42% of African countries cur- rently designated as not free. Measuring the decline or rise of democracy only by the perfor- mance of institutional politics does not provide a complete picture of the issue. Institutional politics does not account for the resil- ience and thriving new spaces where democratic vibrancy and civic engagement prevail. Examples from African countries demonstrate that democracy indices based on institutional politics alone do not account for alternative democratic spaces and practices. This paper is the edited version of the keynote speech delivered by the author at the 6th Pécs African Studies Conference under the theme “African Realities: Conflict and Cooperation”, September 23-24, 2021 – University of Pécs, Hungary.

scholarly journals Legal Justice and Historical Aspects of the Appearance of Criminality

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Mevledin Mustafi
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Human History ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Special Instrument ◽  
Behavioral Rules ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Economic Ties

Criminality as a negative and dangerous social phenomenon presents a social occurrence manifested in different forms during the entire course of human history. Historically, it has been proved that since the ancient times of existence of human society, since primitive community, there have been not only deviations, but also other forms of excessive behavior through breaking the rules, values and social relations of life where they existed. However, the forms of breaking such behavioral rules and the manner of reaction towards these behaviors have changed during the course of development of human communities in accordance to economic ties and as a result also to those cultural. With time passing and the emergence of classes in societies, as well as due to the influence of economic conditions in the life of all members of organized society within a state, crime became a more massive social phenomenon. Thus, in order to successfully develop the fight against it, within class societies emerged a special instrument: the law through which certain behaviors were regulated.

Platinum Compounds as Stains for Electron Microscopy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
S. K. Aggarwal ◽  
P. McAllister ◽  
R. W. Wagner ◽  
B. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sarcoma 180 ◽  
Platinum Compounds ◽  
Kb Cells ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Human Lymphoma ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Blue Coloration

Uranyl acetate has been used as an electron stain for en bloc staining as well as for staining ultrathin sections in conjunction with various lead stains (Fig. 1). Present studies reveal that various platinum compounds also show promise as electron stains. Certain platinum compounds have been shown to be effective anti-tumor agents. Of particular interest are the compounds with either uracil or thymine as one of the ligands (cis-Pt(II)-uracil; cis-Pt(II)-thymine). These compounds are amorphous, highly soluble in water and often exhibit an intense blue coloration. These compounds show enough electron density to be used as stains for electron microscopy. Most of the studies are based on various cell lines (human AV, cells, human lymphoma cells, KB cells, Sarcoma-180 ascites cells, chick fibroblasts and HeLa cells) while studies on tissue blocks are in progress.

Cellular Contacts Within the Interhemal Membrane of the Rat Placenta at Term

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
William P. Jollie
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Aldehyde Fixation ◽  
Chorioallantoic Placenta

By routine EM preparative techniques, the tissues which, collectively, separate maternal and fetal bloods in the fully formed chorioallantoic placenta of the rat have been shown to consist of three chorionic layers, or trophoblast, and a layer of allantoic capillary endothelium [Fig. 1]. Relationships between these layers are best demonstrated by special techniques, viz., cacodylate-buffered aldehyde fixation, collidine-buffered osmium tetroxide postfixation, and en bloc staining with uranyl acetate. By using this method on placentas at term, the cells of the outermost chorionic layer (Trophoblast 1) appear to be attached to each other by means of maculae adherentes which sometimes occur in clusters [Fig. 2].

Localization of pancreatic enzymes in ultrathin frozen sections stained with metal labeled antibody

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
Kenjiro Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Pancreatic Enzymes ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Method

Localization of amylase,chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in pancreas was demonstrated by Yasuda and Coons (1966), by using fluorescent antibody method. These enzymes were naturally found in the zymogen granules. Among them, amylase showed a diffuse localization around the nucleus, in addition to the zymogen granules. Using ferritin antibody method, scattered ferritin granules were also found around the Golgi area (Yasuda et al.,1967). The recent advance in the tissue preparation enables the antigen to be localized in the ultrathin frozen sections, by applying the labeled antibodies onto the sections instead of staining the tissue en bloc.The present study deals with the comparison of the localization of amylase and lipase demonstrated by applying the bismuth-labeled, peroxidase-labeled and ferritin-labeled antibody methods on the ultrathin frozen sections of pancreas, and on the blocks of the same tissue.

Lead aspartate: a new en bloc stain for electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
J.R. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Lead Salts ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
High Alkalinity

In electron microscopy, lead is the metal most widely used for enhancing specimen contrast. Lead citrate requires a pH of 12 to stain thin sections of epoxy-embedded material rapidly and intensively. However, this high alkalinity tends to leach out enzyme reaction products, making lead citrate unsuitable for many cytochemical studies. Substitution of the chelator aspartate for citrate allows staining to be carried out at pH 6 or 7 without apparent effect on cytochemical products. Moreover, due to the low, controlled level of free lead ions, contamination-free staining can be carried out en bloc, prior to dehydration and embedding. En bloc use of lead aspartate permits the grid-staining step to be bypassed, allowing samples to be examined immediately after thin-sectioning.Procedures. To prevent precipitation of lead salts, double- or glass-distilled H20 used in the stain and rinses should be boiled to drive off carbon dioxide and glassware should be carefully rinsed to remove any persisting traces of calcium ion.

Quantitative EM of gap junction distribution in mutant drosophila wing discs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 720-721
Author(s):  
J.S. Ryerse
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Wing Disc ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Metabolic Cooperation ◽  
Drosophila Wing ◽  
Adult Wing ◽  
Wing Discs ◽  
Wing Pouch

Gap junctions are intercellular junctions found in both vertebrates and invertebrates through which ions and small molecules can pass. Their distribution in tissues could be of critical importance for ionic coupling or metabolic cooperation between cells or for regulating the intracellular movement of growth control and pattern formation factors. Studies of the distribution of gap junctions in mutants which develop abnormally may shed light upon their role in normal development. I report here the distribution of gap junctions in the wing pouch of 3 Drosophila wing disc mutants, vg (vestigial) a cell death mutant, 1(2)gd (lethal giant disc) a pattern abnormality mutant and 1(2)gl (lethal giant larva) a neoplastic mutant and compare these with wildtype wing discs.The wing pouch (the anlagen of the adult wing blade) of a wild-type wing disc is shown in Fig. 1 and consists of columnar cells (Fig. 5) joined by gap junctions (Fig. 6). 14000x EMs of conventionally processed, UA en bloc stained, longitudinally sectioned wing pouches were enlarged to 45000x with a projector and tracings were made on which the lateral plasma membrane (LPM) and gap junctions were marked.

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