In vitro Efficacy of Deltamethrin against Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Pratibha Thakur ◽  
R K Bagherwal ◽  
A K Jayraw ◽  
A K Soni
Keyword(s):  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Acaricide Resistance ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum Anatolicum ◽  
Nerve Ganglion ◽  
Cattle Health ◽  
College Farm

Tick and tick-borne diseases such as theileriosis,babesiosis, and Anaplasmosis pose a constant threato cattle health. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus andHyalomma anatolicum are the most commonly foundcattle tick species and cause significant economic lossesto dairy and leather industries by adversely affecting themilk production and quality of hides. Tick control strategyinvolves mainly the use of synthetic acaricides which resultsin the development of acaricide resistance. Deltamethrinacts on the parasites by contact and has strong lipophilicaction thus penetrates the cuticle nerve ganglion and block the motor activity. The presentstudy was aimed at the determination of in vitro efficacyof Deltamethrin against H. anatolicum ticks collected fromhealthy cattle of college farm and nearby dairy farms.

scholarly journals Evaluation of sperm quality of Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus sublineatus (Cope, 1860) (Serpentes, Dipsadidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-557
Author(s):  
A. C. Silva ◽  
A. S. Varela Junior ◽  
T. F. Cardoso ◽  
E. F. Silva ◽  
D. Loebmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Pampa Region

Abstract Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus sublineatus (Cope, 1860), is a species widely distributed in the Pampa Domain, occurring in Rio Grande do Sul, Argentina and Uruguay, mainlyin the pampa region. In the coastal region of southern Brazil this is serpent is considered one of the most abundant. The purpose of the present study is to describe the techniques of sperm evaluation in vitro for E. poecilogyrus sublineatus in the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. After laparatomy the efferent vases were collected and the semen was diluted in 1ml Beltsville Thawing Solution. The characteristics of motility, membrane integrity, mitochondria, acrosome, DNA, cell viability and cellular functionality were evaluated. Fluorescent probes were used for the evaluation of sperm structure in epifluorescence microscope. With the techniques described, it was possible to identify intact and injured cells, enabling the determination of cell characteristics for the spring season (October and November). It was observed in the analyses that 80% of sperm cells were mobile and that 84.1 ± 8.0% of sperm membranes were intact. The standards found were of 48 ± 13.8% of intact acrosome, 73.6 ± 6.0 of perfect DNA and of 91.8 ± 4.0 of functional mitochondria. Thus, these values from the sperm analysis can be used as standards for the species Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus sublineatus.

scholarly journals METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT OF THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY OF DRUGS FOR PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS B

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
E. L. Postnova ◽  
N. V. Shalunova ◽  
K. A. Sarkisyan ◽  
A. A. Movsesyants
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Immunologic Activity

The immunologic activity (specific activity) is one of the main indicators of quality of vaccines for prophylaxis of hepatitis B, along with their safety. Retrospective analysis of the use of laboratory methods for assessment of specific (immunogenic) activity of modern vaccines against hepatitis B using indicators was carried out: in vitro method based on evaluation of HBsAg content and in vivo method based on evaluation of immunogenic activity in mice. Both methods are standardized and described in normative documents on the vaccines against hepatitis B of domestic production registered in the Russian Federation. Indicators of specific (immunogenic) activity of vaccines against hepatitis B were used to investigate more than 170 vaccine series using the ELISA method in the period from 2013 to 2015. The obtained control results confirmed the expediency and efficiency of enzyme immunoassay for determination of HBsAg content, as well as permissibility of use of ready sets of the Murex HBsAg Version 3 test systems for testing vaccines against hepatitis B by the ELISA method. Analysis of the results of laboratory control of series of vaccines against hepatitis B using a biological method for immunogenicity evaluation based on ED50 analysis confirms persistently high immunogenic activity of the Russian commercial vaccines intended for prophylaxis of hepatitis B. The confirmed comparability of methods allows the number of in vivo tests to be further reduced in favor of the enzyme immunoassay authentically characterizing the produced drug.

scholarly journals Determination of the protein quality of almonds ( Prunus dulcis L.) as assessed by in vitro and in vivo methodologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2932-2938 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. House ◽  
Kristen Hill ◽  
Jason Neufeld ◽  
Adam Franczyk ◽  
Matthew G. Nosworthy
Keyword(s):  
Protein Quality ◽  
Prunus Dulcis

A study of the development of dieldrin-resistance in relation to acaricide pressure in a population of Boophilus microplus

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 490 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Roulston
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acaricide Resistance ◽  
Property A ◽  
Irregular Distribution ◽  
Experimental Programme ◽  
The One

Dieldrin and aldrin preparations were used on separate properties where only arsenic had been used previously for tick control. Tick stocks from the properties before the commencement of the experiment showed no acaricide resistance. Dipping in dieldrin commenced on one property in November, and satisfactory control was obtained with the first three dippings at approximately 6-week intervals. After the fourth dipping, in late March, however, there was a marked survival of all stages of ticks, but particularly adults, although the vat concentration of dieldrin was almost as high as formerly and the deposits of the toxicant on the hair of the cattle were heavier. Progeny of female ticks which survived the fourth dipping were shown in laboratory tests to be highly resistant to dieldrin. Ticks present on the cattle at the fourth dipping could have included descendants of tick stocks which had undergone a maximum of four challenges with dieldrin, though most would have experienced only two to three. The fifth dipping was more effective than the fourth, which suggested irregular distribution of the dieldrin-resistant ticks in the pastures, possibly associated with periodical changes in the grazing of the cattle. The ticks present at the sixth dipping were highly resistant to dieldrin, and there was no protective period. Ticks from a culture established about 8 months after the inception of dipping were more than 900 times as resistant to dieldrin as the reference culture when tested by immersion. On another property a poor kill resulted from an initial dipping in 0.05% aldrin in early February, but high kills resulted from dippings in 0.10% aldrin in early March and early April. The tolerance of the ticks to aldrin after the conclusion of the experimental programme of five dippings was no higher than before its commencement. This could have been due to the fact that the reproducing populations of the tick received less severe and less frequent selection with the acaricide than during the course of the dieldrin trial. However, satisfactory results were still obtained by the owner with aldrin during the following tick season, and it is more likely that the contrasting results on the two properties were due to the presence of the resistance gene on the one property and its absence on the other.

Determination of 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies: inter-laboratory concordance in the Euradrenal International Serum Exchange Program

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Falorni ◽  
Vittorio Bini ◽  
Corrado Betterle ◽  
Annalisa Brozzetti ◽  
Luis Castaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Exchange Program ◽  
Area Under Roc Curve ◽  
Cutoff Levels ◽  
Commercial Kit ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract21-Hydroxylase autoantibodies (21OHAb) are markers of an adrenal autoimmune process that identifies individuals with autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD). Quality and inter-laboratory agreement of various 21OHAb tests are incompletely known. The objective of the study was to determine inter-laboratory concordance for 21OHAb determinations.Sixty-nine sera from 51 patients with AAD and 51 sera from 51 healthy subjects were blindly coded by a randomization center and distributed to 14 laboratories that determined 21OHAb, either by an “in-house” assay (n=9) using in vitro-translatedIntra-assay coefficient of variation ranged from 2.6% to 5.3% for laboratories using the commercial kit and from 5.1% to 23% for laboratories using “in-house” assays. Diagnostic accuracy, expressed as area under ROC curve (AUC), varied from 0.625 to 0.947 with the commercial kit and from 0.562 to 0.978 with “in-house” methods. Cohen’s κ of inter-rater agreement was 0.603 among all 14 laboratories, 0.691 among “in-house” laboratories, and 0.502 among commercial kit users. Optimized cutoff levels, calculated on the basis of AUCs, increased the diagnostic accuracy of every laboratory (AUC >0.9 for 11/14 laboratories) and increased the Cohen’s κ of inter-rater agreement. Discrepancies in quantitation of 21OHAb levels among different laboratories increased with increasing autoantibody levels.The quality of 21OHAb analytical procedures is mainly influenced by selection of cutoff value and correct handling of assay materials. A standardization program is needed to identify common standard sera and common measuring units.

scholarly journals VALIDA project: Validation of allergy in vitro diagnostics assays (Tools and recommendations for the assessment of in vitro tests in the diagnosis of allergy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
María L. Casas ◽  
Ángel Esteban ◽  
Miguel González-Muñoz ◽  
Moisés Labrador-Horrillo ◽  
Mariona Pascal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Allergic Patient ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Consensus Document ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin E ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn vitro allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) detection and quantification tests are routinely performed in clinical laboratories to diagnose patients with a suspected allergy. Numerous commercial assays are available to test for allergies, but the results can vary widely, thereby influencing both diagnosis and treatment. Given the challenges posed by differences in the various assays for in vitro determination of specific IgE, a group of experts has compiled in a document a series of recommendations on the implications that the use of a certain in vitro technique may have and the impact on the management of the allergic patient that the differences between the various techniques represent. The reading and analysis of this consensus document will help to understand the implications of the change of in vitro diagnostic method in the management of the patient with allergy, in the quality of life and in the socioeconomic costs associated with the disease.

The management of acaricide resistance in the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae), in Australia

1979 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Sutherst ◽  
H. N. Comins
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Acaricide Resistance ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractAn analysis, using mathematical models, is presented of the ecological, genetic and economic factors that determine the optimal strategies for the long-term use of chemical control of Boophilus microplus (Can.) on cattle. As an illustration, the control of the tick in south-eastern Queensland is considered, but the approach is readily applicable in any other geographical area. It is suggested that optimal strategies take into account the need to delay the development of resistance to acaricides. The suggested strategies involve the use of tick-resistant Zebu-type cattle as a basis for tick control. High concentrations of acaricides are recommended to reduce seleotion of resistant ticks. Careful timing and moderation in the use of acaricides is also recommended to minimise the number of occasions on which resistant ticks are subjected to selection at times when they can successfully reproduce. As the spread of resistance is thought to occur primarily on moving cattle and before resistance is evident, stringent quarantine measures may slow down the spread.

scholarly journals Evaluation of phytotherapy alternatives for controlling Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Pablo Villarreal Villarreal ◽  
Pedro Rassier dos Santos ◽  
Maria Antonieta Machado Pereira da Silva ◽  
Rosaria Helena Machado Azambuja ◽  
Carolina Lambrecht Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Acaricidal Efficacy

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify the main chemical components of the essential oil of Cuminum cyminum L. (cumin) and of the fixed oils of Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut) and of Helianthus annuus (sunflower seed). As well as testing the three oils and three different commercial synthetic acaricides against engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in order to explore their acaricidal efficacy. Six different concentrations of the oils (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/mL) and the active principles were evaluated with the Adult Immersion Test (AIT). The two main chemicals components of C. cyminum L. were the cuminaldehyde and the γ-terpinene. In both B. excelsa and H. annuus were the linoleic and oleic acid. C. cyminum L. showed high acaricidal activity (100%) over the engorged females and on their reproductive characteristat from the concentration of 100 mg/mL. B. excelsa and H. annuus had low acaricidal activity (39.39% and 58.75% in the concentration of 200 mg/mL respectively). The amidine and the pyrethroid (35.12% and 1.50% respectively). It can be concluded that the oil of C. cyminum L. may be a phytoterapic alternative for the cattle's tick control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document