Influence of Peer Reactions and Student Attitudes on Student Deviance: Differences Between Japan and the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1876-1895
Author(s):  
Emiko Kobayashi ◽  
David P. Farrington
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
Two Samples

The current study examines the cross-cultural applicability of Akers’ social learning theory in explaining why Japanese commit fewer deviant acts than Americans. It is predicted that deviance would be less common in Japan because Japanese have less favorable attitudes toward deviance, which in turn are attributable to less favorable peer reactions to deviance. Analyses of comparable survey data from college students in Japan ( N = 583) and the United States ( N = 615) provide mixed support for our arguments. As expected, Japanese students had less favorable attitudes toward deviance because they had peers who reacted less favorably to deviance. Contrary to expectation, however, even after controlling for student attitudes toward deviance and peer reactions to deviance, the initially large difference between the two samples in student deviance remained significant. This was at least partly because, in Japan, compared with the United States, peer reactions and student attitudes had significantly less influence on student deviance.

scholarly journals The Decline of Japanese International Students

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Shimmi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
International Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Economic Stagnation

The number of Japanese students who study in the United States has decreased recent years. Several structural issues that are influencing the current declines are explored: a demographic shift, an increased capacity at domestic universities, an economic stagnation, the season of job-hunting for Japanese college students, and academic requirements. Then, new trends and approaches for the increase are discussed.

scholarly journals Factors underlying cross-cultural differences in stigma toward autism among college students in Lebanon and the United States

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1993-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Gillespie-Lynch ◽  
Nidal Daou ◽  
Maria-Jose Sanchez-Ruiz ◽  
Steven K Kapp ◽  
Rita Obeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Knowledge Quality ◽  
Autistic People

Although stigma negatively impacts autistic people globally, the degree of stigma varies across cultures. Prior research suggests that stigma may be higher in cultures with more collectivistic orientations. This study aimed to identify cultural values and other individual differences that contribute to cross-cultural differences in autism stigma (assessed with a social distance scale) between college students in Lebanon ( n = 556) and those in the United States ( n = 520). Replicating prior work, stigma was lower in women than men and in the United States relative to Lebanon. Heightened autism knowledge, quality of contact with autistic people, openness to experience, and reduced acceptance of inequality predicted lower stigma. Collectivism was not associated with heightened stigma. Findings highlight the need to address structural inequalities, combat harmful misconceptions, and foster positive contact to combat stigma.

Cross-Cultural Validity of the Ruminative Responses Scale in Argentina and the United States

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernán G. Arana ◽  
Kenneth G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Response Scale ◽  
Cultural Validity ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Group Self ◽  
Brooding And Reflection ◽  
The U.S

Although frequently used in the United States, the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) has not been extensively studied in cross-cultural samples. The present study evaluated the factor structure of Treynor et al.’s 10-item version of the RRS in samples from Argentina ( N = 308) and the United States ( N = 371). In addition to testing measurement invariance between the countries, we evaluated whether the maladaptive implications of rumination were weaker for the Argentinians than for the U.S. group. Self-critical perfectionism was the criterion in those tests. Partial scalar invariance supported an 8-item version of the RRS. There were no differences in factor means or factor correlations in RRS dimensions between countries. Brooding and Reflection were positively correlated with self-critical perfectionism in both countries, with no significant differences in the sizes of these relations between the two samples. Results are discussed in terms of psychometric and cross-cultural implications for rumination.

WHAT PEOPLE ASSUME ABOUT HUMANOID AND ANIMAL-TYPE ROBOTS: CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS BETWEEN JAPAN, KOREA, AND THE UNITED STATES

2008 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
TATSUYA NOMURA ◽  
TOMOHIRO SUZUKI ◽  
TAKAYUKI KANDA ◽  
JEONGHYE HAN ◽  
NAMIN SHIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Korean Students ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
The Usa

To broadly explore the rationale behind more socially acceptable robot design and to investigate the psychological aspects of social acceptance of robotics, a cross-cultural research instrument, the Robot Assumptions Questionnaire (RAQ) was administered to the university students in Japan, Korea, and the United States, focusing on five factors relating to humanoid and animal-type robots: relative autonomy, social relationship with humans, emotional aspects, roles assumed, and images held. As a result, it was found that (1) Students in Japan, Korea, and the United States tend to assume that humanoid robots perform concrete tasks in society, and that animal-type robots play a pet- or toy-like role; (2) Japanese students tend to more strongly assume that humanoid robots have somewhat human characteristics and that their roles are related to social activities including communication, than do the Korean and the US students; (3) Korean students tend to have more negative attitudes toward the social influences of robots, in particular, humanoid robots, than do the Japanese students, while more strongly assuming that robots' roles are related to medical fields than do the Japanese students, and (4) Students in the USA tend to have both more positive and more negative images of robots than do Japanese students, while more weakly assuming robots as blasphemous of nature than do Japanese and Korean students. In addition, the paper discusses some engineering implications of these research results.

Culture, Gender, and Assessment of Fear of Fatness

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Ambwani ◽  
Cortney S. Warren ◽  
David H. Gleaves ◽  
Antonio Cepeda-Benito ◽  
Mari Carmen Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Measurement Equivalence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
American Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Fear Of Fat

To understand the relevance of the fear of fatness construct across culture and gender, we translated the Goldfarb Fear of Fat Scale (GFFS) and examined its psychometric properties in English and Spanish languages in a sample of Euro-American male (n = 111) and female (n = 100), and Spanish male (n = 114) and female (n = 544) college students in the United States and Spain. Confirmatory and exploratory analyses tested the measurement equivalence of the instrument across samples by gender and culture. Eight of the 10 items appeared to demonstrate measurement invariance. Mean comparisons on the eight-item version suggested that there was a gender by country interaction, with Euro-American women scoring substantially higher than the three other groups. Overall, these results highlight the need for additional examinations of cross-cultural instrument invariance and explorations of the fear of fatness construct.

Tobacco Use by Samples of American and Turkish Students: A Cross-Cultural Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad R. Torabi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public University ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Factors Associated

Tobacco use is a world-wide problem with a significant impact on the health and well-being of many people. To design an effective smoking education program, it is important to understand smoking patterns and factors associated with this additive habit from a cross-cultural perspective. The purpose of this study was to investigate some of the patterns of and certain factors associated with smoking and chewing tobacco behavior among the students of the United States and Turkey. A questionnaire, designed, reviewed, and revised by experts, was administered to a representative sample of 450 college students in a major public university in the United States. It was then translated and reviewed by bilingual authorities. The investigator administered the questionnaire to a sample of 450 representative college students in a counterpart public university in Turkey. The results indicate that a significant number of college students in both countries use tobacco. The patterns of smoking and various factors associated with tobacco use, however, are different in the two cultures. It was concluded that international health education programs which are sensitive to cultural differences are the key to ultimately eliminating this major health crisis.

Relationships between Type a Behavior, Narcissism, and Maternal Closeness for College Students in Japan, the United States of America, and the People's Republic of China

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Fukunishi ◽  
Takayuki Nakagawa ◽  
Hiroshi Nakamura ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Zhang Qiu Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type A Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China

The authors examined the relationships between Type A behavior and narcissism based on scores of college students in Japan, the United States of America, and the People's Republic of China. The scores on narcissism and Type A behavior differed significantly across the groups, being highest among the Chinese. In all three groups, the Type A scores were significantly and positively correlated with the scores on narcissism, and the latter were significantly and negatively correlated with the scores of mother's care. We refer in this study to cross-cultural comparisons from viewpoints of sociocultural and psychological family structure.

Sex Differences on the Embedded-Figures Test: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of College Students in India and in the United States

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1311-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Brown Parlee ◽  
Jayalakshmi Rajagopal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Embedded Figures

Data are presented which show significant sex differences on the Embedded-figures Test for college students in the United States (24 men, 24 women) and in India (23 men, 24 women). Some considerations relevant to the interpretation of such data are briefly discussed.

Cross-Cultural Investigation of a New Set of Scales for the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Domino ◽  
Sulin Su ◽  
Di Shen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Content Scales ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Mean Differences

There are a number of alternate ways to score the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ). Two methods were compared in this study, a set of eight scales developed by content analysis, and a set of five scales developed by factor analysis; two samples, one from the United States ( N=218), and one from Taiwan ( N=291) were assessed. On all SOQ scales, significant mean differences were obtained between U.S. and Taiwanese samples. The patterns of intercorrelations suggest that despite their factor analytic genesis, several of the SOQ-F scales correlate significantly with each other as well as with the SOQ-C scales. The results support the cross-cultural applicability and reliability of the SOQ, and suggest that although the SOQ-F scales may represent interesting variables, they are not superior psychometrically to the original content scales.

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