The Evolution of a Public Health Policy: Health Care Providers and the Transmission of HIV

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Guttmacher
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Spread Of Infection

The single known instance of transmission of HIV from a health care provider to a patient raised issues concerning the responsibility of clinicians to their patients, and sparked debate over policies to prevent the spread of HIV in health care facilities. The intensity and politicization of the debate were reflected in revision of the Centers for Disease Control guidelines to control the spread of infection at health care facilities, and in legislation proposed in Congress. The guidelines and proposed legislation provoked responses by public health and medical organizations, several of which considered the measures to be unnecessarily restrictive and too costly in terms of potential benefits. This article describes the events and responses that took place during 1991–1992 after the public was made aware of the case involving transmission from provider to patient. The author examines the situation in the context of public health efforts to control the spread of HIV.

scholarly journals THE INVOLUNTARY DETENTION AND ISOLATION OF PATIENTS INFECTED WITH EXTREME RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS (XDR-TB): IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH, HUMAN RIGHTS AND INFORMED CONSENT Minister of Health, Western Cape v Goliath 2009 2 SA 248 (C)

Obiter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Carstens
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Care Facilities

Public health-care providers (public hospitals) and related health-care services in South Africa have in recent times been under severe strain due to the seemingly uncontrollable increase in dangerous infectious airborne diseases like Extreme Resistant Tuberculosis (hereinafter “XDR-TB”). Ultimately these health-care providers/services have been challenged, not only in the diagnosis and treatment of XDR-TB patients, but specifically to control and curtail the spread thereof by effectively managing sufferers by way of forced isolation and monitoring to ensure that they abide by the rules and strict treatment regime related to XDR-TB. The said challenge hasbecome exacerbated specifically in public health-care facilities where patients suffering from XDR-TB fail to abide by the treatment regime and regularly abscond from follow-up appointments, posing a real threat of infection to the community at large. Consequently public health-care providers and communities have increasingly questioned whether it is possible to invoke some mechanism legally whereby the involuntary isolation of patients with XDR-TB in State-funded health-care facilities could be effected. It goes without saying that such a mechanism (by way of a court order/court authorisation) would have a definite and marked influence on a patient’s right to bodily integrity and freedom (as contemplated in s 12 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996) and will pose significant challenges to any constitutional limitation (as contemplated in s 36) and related legislation (such as the National Health Act 61 of 2003). Ultimately the question under consideration is whether the public’s right to be protected from potentially dangerous infectious diseases constitutionally trumps the right of an individual sufferer to bodily integrity. It is in this regard that the present case under discussion offers far-reaching perspectives. 

scholarly journals Community use of masks as a preventive measure for Covid-19 in Kabale district of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ssaka ◽  
Charles Lwanga ◽  
Tunc Eren ◽  
Orhan Alimoglu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused a global pandemic and by June 1st, 2020, the global numbers of Covid-19 cases reached six million with more than 370,000 deaths. Community-wide mask wearing may contribute to the control of Covid-19 by reducing the amount of emission of infected saliva and respiratory droplets from persons with subclinical or mild Covid-19. However, use of masks in public and in health care facilities has been controversial as different organizations and agencies established different guidelines. In Uganda, not any reports on mask utilization practices have been published yet. Therefore, this report aims at documenting mask use practices, as observed in our interactions with non-Covid-19 patients and their relatives at Kabale regional referral hospital as well as Kabale town residents. It was observed that many non-Covid-19 patients and the relatives of hospitalized patients only wear their masks on reaching the hospital premises while community members of Kabale town wear their masks only in the presence of security agencies and individuals in the public only wear masks in places where they would be refused from services without masks. Wearing of masks in public places and health care facilities together with other preventive measures including hand hygiene, social distancing and wearing of full personal protective equipment for health care providers working on Covid-19 patients are key measures in preventing the spread of infection. There is an increased need for intensified community educational activities on public awareness of the importance of appropriate use of masks.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 267-270

Immigrant Communities and COVID-19: Strengthening the Public Health Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (S3) ◽  
pp. S224-S231
Author(s):  
Lan N. Đoàn ◽  
Stella K. Chong ◽  
Supriya Misra ◽  
Simona C. Kwon ◽  
Stella S. Yi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Infrastructure ◽  
Health Infrastructure

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the many broken fragments of US health care and social service systems, reinforcing extant health and socioeconomic inequities faced by structurally marginalized immigrant communities. Throughout the pandemic, even during the most critical period of rising cases in different epicenters, immigrants continued to work in high-risk-exposure environments while simultaneously having less access to health care and economic relief and facing discrimination. We describe systemic factors that have adversely affected low-income immigrants, including limiting their work opportunities to essential jobs, living in substandard housing conditions that do not allow for social distancing or space to safely isolate from others in the household, and policies that discourage access to public resources that are available to them or that make resources completely inaccessible. We demonstrate that the current public health infrastructure has not improved health care access or linkages to necessary services, treatments, or culturally competent health care providers, and we provide suggestions for how the Public Health 3.0 framework could advance this. We recommend the following strategies to improve the Public Health 3.0 public health infrastructure and mitigate widening disparities: (1) address the social determinants of health, (2) broaden engagement with stakeholders across multiple sectors, and (3) develop appropriate tools and technologies. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(S3):S224–S231. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306433 )

The public’s trust and information brokers in health care, public health and research

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 929-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodyn Platt ◽  
Minakshi Raj ◽  
Sharon L.R. Kardia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Information Brokers

Purpose Nations such as the USA are investing in technologies such as electronic health records in order to collect, store and transfer information across boundaries of health care, public health and research. Health information brokers such as health care providers, public health departments and university researchers function as “access points” to manage relationships between the public and the health system. The relationship between the public and health information brokers is influenced by trust; and this relationship may predict the trust that the public has in the health system as a whole, which has implications for public trust in the system, and consequently, legitimacy of involved institutions, under circumstances of health information data sharing in the future. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors aimed to examine characteristics of trustors (i.e. the public) that predict trust in health information brokers; and further, to identify the factors that influence trust in brokers that also predict system trust. The authors developed a survey that was administered to US respondents in 2014 using GfK’s nationally representative sample, with a final sample of 1,011 participants and conducted ordinary least squares regression for data analyses. Findings Results suggest that health care providers are the most trusted information brokers of those examined. Beliefs about medical deceptive behavior were negatively associated with trust in each of the information brokers examined; however, psychosocial factors were significantly associated with trust in brokers, suggesting that individual attitudes and beliefs are influential on trust in brokers. Positive views of information sharing and the expectation of benefits of information sharing for health outcomes and health care quality are associated with system trust. Originality/value This study suggests that demonstrating the benefits and value of information sharing could be beneficial for building public trust in the health system; however, trust in brokers of information are variable across the public; that is, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs are associated with the level of trust different individuals have in various health information brokers – suggesting that the need for a personalized approach to building trust.

Confidentiality and security of information in the public health-care facilities to curb HIV/AIDS trauma among patients in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoako Solomon Marutha ◽  
Olefhile Mosweu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Hiv Aids

Purpose This study sought to investigate a framework for ensuring the confidentiality and security of information at the public health-care facilities to curb HIV/AIDS trauma among patients in Africa. In most instances, trauma to HIV/AIDS patients accelerate because of their personal information relating to the state of illness leaks to public people. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study used literature to study confidentiality and security of information at the public health-care facilities to curb HIV/AIDS trauma among patients in Africa. Findings The study revealed that confidentiality and security of information has been neglected, in most instances, at the health-care facilities, and this has, to some extent, affected HIV/AIDS patients negatively, leading to trauma, stigma and skipping of treatment by patients resulting in accelerated mortality among chronic patients. The study recommends that patients’ information be always strictly controlled and kept confidential and secured at all the times, especially that of HIV/AIDS patients. Practical implications The proposed framework can be used by health-care facilities to guide the management and promotion of the confidentiality and security of information in the public health-care facilities to curb additional trauma to HIV/AIDS patients in the context of Africa, and even beyond. Originality/value The study provides a framework to ensure the confidentiality and security of information at the public health-care facilities to curb additional trauma to HIV/AIDS patients.

scholarly journals Bilio-pancreatic endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628482093518
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Bove ◽  
Tommaso Schepis ◽  
Ivo Boškoski ◽  
Rosario Landi ◽  
Beatrice Orlandini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Frequent Exchange ◽  
High Standards

On 31 December 2019, the WHO China Country Office was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology detected in Wuhan (Hubei Province of China). In January 2020, a new coronavirus named SARS-CoV2 was isolated and, since that time, SARS-CoV2 related disease (COVID-19) rapidly spread all over the world becoming pandemic in March 2020. The COVID-19 outbreak dramatically affected the public-health and the health-care facilities organization. Bilio-pancreatic endoscopy is considered a high-risk procedure for cross-contamination and, even though it is not directly involved in COVID-19 diagnosis and management, its reorganization is crucial to guarantee high standards of care minimizing the risk of SARS-CoV2 transmission among patients and health-care providers. Bilio-pancreatic endoscopic procedures often require a short physical distance between the endoscopist and the patient for a long period of time, a frequent exchange of devices, the involvement of a large number of personnel, the use of complex endoscopes difficult to reprocess. On this basis, endoscopic units should take precautions with adjusted management of bilio-pancreatic endoscopy. The aim of this article is to discuss the approach to bilio-pancreatic endoscopy in the COVID-19 era with focus on diagnostic algorithms, indications, management of the endoscopic room, proper use of Personal Protective Equipment and correct reprocessing of instrumentation.

scholarly journals Silk road: Opportunities for foreign-owned health care clinics in China

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tin Kin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Industrialised Countries

Hospitals and other health care providers are being squeezed by decliningreimbursement and capitated revenues. As this happens they are looking to expandinto rapidly developing and newly industrialised countries. This article will focus onthe People?s Republic of China as a country with opportunities for developing privatehospitals and health care facilities.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Postpartum tentang Persalinan di Fasyankes dengan Pemilihan Pertolongan Persalinan

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Ratu Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
The Public ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Postpartum Mothers ◽  
Selection Of

Safe childbirth is childbirth that helped by health personnel in health care facilities. Coverage of childbirth in health care facilities in Jambi province did not reach strategic plan target yet (77.00%), achievement (63.03%), Jambi city (93.86%) and the public health center did not reach target province yet (90%) that is the public health center Talang Bakung (79.00%) and Pal Merah II (78.00%). This study aimed to determine the correlation of knowledge and postpartum mothers attitude about childbirth in health care facilities with a selection of helping in childbirth at the public health center Talang Bakung. This is an analytic descriptive research; with total populations were 32 postpartum mothers, it used total sampling technique. Instrument test was conducted at the public health center Pal Merah II toward 10 postpartum mothers; an instrument used demographic data instrument, knowledge instrument, attitude instrument, and selection of helping in childbirth instrument, with fisher exact test and contingency coefficient. The findings indicated that there is no significant correlation between knowledge and attitudes of childbirth in healthcare facilities with a selection of helping in childbirth with each score p is (p=0.444 p=1.000), contingency coefficient (p=0.399, p=1.000). It is concluded that knowledge and attitude of the postpartum mother about childbirth in healthcare facilities did not affect in a selection of childbirth place chosen by the mother. For the next researcher to research about childbirth in healthcare facilities with the different method.

Impact of Training to Improve Knowledge on Blood Transfusion among Health Care Providers from Tertiary Hospitals in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Abdu J. Bhombo ◽  
Oscar Mwashiuya ◽  
Wilhellmuss I. Mauka ◽  
Elineema Meda ◽  
Iragi Ngerageza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Transfusion Practice ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact

Background: Blood transfusion is a lifesaving therapy which is linked to the adverse outcome when given inappropriately. Inadequate knowledge and skills among health care providers have been reported to contribute to safety issues for recipients and wastage of the precious resource. This study was conducted to determine the impact of training of health care providers in Tanzania on improving the knowledge regarding the transfusion of blood and blood components.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study which used secondary data from pre and post training assessment questionnaire whereby trainees answered the same set of questions before training (pre-test) and after training (post-test). The questionnaire consisted of two Likert scale questions and eight YES/NO questions which assessed the perception of clinicians, nurses and Laboratory personnel on blood transfusion practices. Moreover, there were thirty multiple-choice questions for assessment of basic knowledge related to usage of blood and blood components.Results: One hundred and eleven (111) health care providers who attended training on blood transfusion were recruited into this study, out of which 72.1% (80/111) were from secondary health care facilities and 6.3% (7/111) were from tertiary health care facilities. The pre-test mean percent score was 32.8% (SD ±12.9%), while the post-test mean percent score was 56.6% (SD ±12.9%). The mean percentage of knowledge gain was 26.6% (SD±13.0%) and 27.1% (SD±12.5%) for health care providers and National Blood Transfusion Service staff respectively. It was observed that only 25.8% (24/93) and 19% (19/100) of participants were aware of the transfusion timing of various blood components and principles of platelet transfusion, respectively. Regarding bedside blood handling practices, only 52.9% (46/87) responded, ‘warm whole blood unit and packed red blood by putting under room temperature for 30 minutes and the majority of participants 63.1% (65/103) reported not to ask for consent before blood transfusion.Conclusion: There was a modest improvement in the knowledge on blood transfusion practice among participants. The overall performance of participants increased from 33% in the pre-test to 57% in the post-test. Therefore, this study has shown the positive impact of training for health care providers in improving their knowledge. We recommend regular on job training courses and mentorship program for health care providers for proficiency in clinical transfusion practice. Key words: Blood Transfusion, Training and Health care providers.

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