Upper Primary Students Constructing and Exploring Three Dimensional Shapes: A Comparison of Virtual Reality with Card Nets

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Ainge
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Student Engagement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Learning Phase ◽  
Primary Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Difficulty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Name Writing ◽  
3D Shapes

A grade six/seven class which constructed and explored 3D shapes worlds with the VREAM program was compared with a grade five/six/seven control group which constructed and examined shapes from card nets. Students were tested on visualizing appearance of shapes from alternative viewpoints, recognition of shapes in the environment, and writing shape names, before and after the learning phase. Ease of using Virtual Reality (VR), and student engagement with VR were observed informally. VR had little impact on shape visualization and name writing, but strongly enhanced recognition. Students had no major difficulty in using the VREAM program, and enthusiasm for VR was unanimous and sustained.

scholarly journals Short Term Effect of Virtual Reality on Eye Accommodative Ability

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Mohd Zulfaezal Che Azemin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
3D Movie ◽  
Harmful Effects

Virtual reality (VR) is a fast-growing technology in the world today. Many countries use virtual reality for many purposes such as education, military and entertainment. Despite the benefits of VR, harmful effects of VR on the users are still inconclusive. With only a few reliable studies that investigate the effect of virtual reality on the users especially on the eyes, yet still there are a lot more things we do not know about the effects of VR. The purpose of this study was to compare the amplitude of accommodation before and after watching 3-dimesional (3D) movie utilizing VR and notebook (control group). Thirty-two participants volunteered in this study and all participants underwent amplitude of accommodation (AA) test using Royal Army Force (RAF) rule before and after watching three-dimensional (3D) movie for 30 minutes using VR and two-dimensional (2D) movie by laptop. The amplitude of accommodation between pre- and post-watching 3D movie on VR was insignificantly changed (p= >0.05). The similar trend was also found after 30 minutes watching movie using laptop (p= >0.05). The utilization of VR and laptop for 30 minutes did insignificantly alter the eye accommodation.

scholarly journals Self-Regulation in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders “SR-MRehab: Un Colegio Emocionante”: A Protocol Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4198
Author(s):  
Dulce Romero-Ayuso ◽  
Pablo Alcántara-Vázquez ◽  
Ana Almenara-García ◽  
Irene Nuñez-Camarero ◽  
José Matías Triviño-Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cognitive Modulation ◽  
Protocol Study ◽  
Natural Way

Self-regulation refers to the ability to control and modulate behavior, and it can include both emotional and cognitive modulation. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders may show difficulties in self-regulation. The main objective of this study is to improve self-regulation skills in children between 6 and 11 years of age with neurodevelopmental disorders. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial will be conducted with the use of “SR-MRehab: Un colegio emocionante”, based on a non-immersive virtual reality system where virtual objects can be managed by children in a natural way using their hands. Children will be recruited from several schools of Granada (Spain) and they will be randomly allocated to two groups. An assessment will be conducted before and after the intervention and 24 weeks after the end of the intervention process. The experimental group will receive the intervention using virtual reality. The control group will receive a standard self-regulation program. Both interventions will be performed once a week for a total of 10 sessions. Changes in self-regulation, as well as the acceptability of technology with the use of SR-MRehab, will be evaluated. The results will be published and will provide evidence regarding the use of this type of intervention in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Trial registration: Registered with code NCT04418921.

scholarly journals 8 Positive Distraction Entertainment System (PDES) in Paediatric Population Undergoing Day Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. e3-e3
Author(s):  
Michael Chang ◽  
Alicia Fernandes ◽  
Alexandra Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Day Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experience Survey

Abstract Background Patients undergoing procedures at hospitals may experience anxiety and such anxiety can be heightened in pediatric populations. Anxiety can invoke a physical and mental stress response leading to poorer health outcomes and in children these outcomes include: resistance to treatment, nightmares, longer recovery periods, lowered pain thresholds and separation anxiety (Biddis, 2014; Manyande 2015; Aydın 2017). Objectives This study aimed to test whether a virtual reality intervention is feasible, beneficial and effective in reducing anxiety prior to surgery in the pediatric population of Scarborough Health Network. Design/Methods Virtual Reality (VR) is a computer technology that simulates a user’s physical presence in a virtual or imaginary environment. ‘Bubble Bloom’, an underwater fishing game where participants launch bubbles to catch colourful fish, is the VR game that the children are administered in a two phased research design to explore whether the VR intervention was a beneficial tool in reducing anxiety in our pediatric population. Phase 1 was a trial phase in which participants (n=20) were administered the condensed version of the State Trait Anxiety Scale before and after the intervention to determine if anxiety levels had been reduced. Participants were also administered an experience survey to explore patient satisfaction, headset comfort, and virtual reality satisfaction. Phase 2, randomized control trial, is currently ongoing with the same measures and VR intervention being administered. In Phase 2, participants are randomized to the control group (regular play activities) or intervention (virtual reality game). Results In Phase 1, all participants indicated they enjoyed the experience of the virtual reality intervention. Sixteen of the 20 participants had pre scores that were in the mild to moderate anxiety range (80%). Of these 16 participants, 10 participants’ post scores decreased to the normal or no anxiety range (63%). Additionally, 80% of participants demonstrated a reduction in anxiety post-virtual reality intervention. Conclusion Phase 1 results were encouraging with 80% of participants experiencing a reduction in anxiety and all participants enjoying the virtual reality experience.

scholarly journals Herbst appliance effects on pharyngeal airway ventilation evaluated using computational fluid dynamics

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Iwasaki ◽  
Hideo Sato ◽  
Hokuto Suga ◽  
Ayaka Minami ◽  
Yuushi Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Herbst Appliance ◽  
Oropharyngeal Airway ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of a Herbst appliance on ventilation of the pharyngeal airway (PA) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Materials and Methods: Twenty-one Class II patients (10 boys; mean age, 11.7 years) who required Herbst therapy with edgewise treatment underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) before and after treatment. Nineteen Class I control patients (8 boys; mean age, 11.9 years) received edgewise treatment alone. The pressure and velocity of the PA were compared between the groups using CFD based on three-dimensional CBCT images of the PA. Results: The change in oropharyngeal airway velocity in the Herbst group (1.95 m/s) was significantly larger than that in the control group (0.67 m/s). Similarly, the decrease in laryngopharyngeal airway velocity in the Herbst group (1.37 m/s) was significantly larger than that in the control group (0.57 m/s). Conclusion: The Herbst appliance improves ventilation of the oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal airways. These results may provide a useful assessment of obstructive sleep apnea treatment during growth.

scholarly journals Cyber sickness in low-immersive, semi-immersive, and fully immersive virtual reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergo Martirosov ◽  
Marek Bureš ◽  
Tomáš Zítka
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Immersive Environment ◽  
Grooved Pegboard Test

AbstractIt is known that virtual reality (VR) experience may cause cyber sickness. One aspect of VR is an immersion or otherwise sense of presence, the sense of feeling oneself in a virtual world. In this paper an experiment which was conducted in order to find the link between level of immersion and cyber sickness felt by participants is presented. Eighty-nine participants aged between 19 and 36 years have been equally divided into four groups with different level of VR immersion. The low-immersive group was represented by PC with monoscopic screen, the semi-immersive group was represented by CAVE with stereoscopic projector, the fully immersive group was represented by VR head-mounted display, and the last group was the control group without any kind of immersion. The task for the participants was to navigate through the maze for a specified amount of time (10 min). The Simulator Sickness Questionnaire was used as a subjective measure tool for cyber sickness level and Grooved Pegboard Test for assessing the fine dexterity, both before and after the experiment. Regarding the time spend in VR the fully immersive environment had the biggest problems as more than half of the participants had to stop before 10 min (p < 0.001). Concerning the cyber sickness, the significant increase in nausea score between pre-test and post-test scores has been observed in semi-immersive group (p = 0.0018) and fully immersive group (p < 0.0001). The increase in oculomotor score was smaller. The significant difference was noted only in fully immersive group (p = 0.0449). In spite of great nausea factor after the VR immersion the participants did not show a decrease of fine dexterity in any group (p < 0.001).

scholarly journals A Virtual Reality based intervention for surgical patients: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca Georgescu ◽  
Anca Dobrean ◽  
Cristina Alina Silaghi ◽  
Horațiu Silaghi
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background: Pain after surgery is normal, and treatments, including both pharmacological and psychological components, are fundamental for proper postoperative care. While several trials have investigated the analgesic effect of traditional non-pharmacological treatments, such as Cognitive Behaviors Therapies, the newer ways of delivering psychological interventions for pain after surgery are scarcely investigated. The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to determine if delivering the psychological content through Virtual Reality (VR) along with the standard pharmacological treatment return better pain relief outcomes than standard care in adult patients following surgery. Methods: This is a protocol of a parallel RCT conducted in one community hospital. In order to test the efficacy of VR environments for reducing pain intensity, in the following day after surgery, adults (18 to 65 years) will be randomly assigned to either (1) standard treatment after surgery (control group) or (2) VR based intervention along with standard treatment. It is intended that a minimum of 30 patients be recruited in each group. For estimating the intensity of pain, both self-report and physiological measures will be used. Repeated measures of pain outcomes will be taken before and after the intervention. Moreover, for allowing an in-depth investigation of the effect of VR environments, the primary outcome will be complemented with measures of the adverse effects, level of immersion, and level of presence in the VR environment.

scholarly journals Virtual Reality Hypnosis for Anxiety and Pain Management in Intensive Care Units. A Prospective Randomized Trial Among Cardiac Surgery Patients.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriane Marie Rousseaux ◽  
Nadia Dardenne ◽  
Paul B Massion ◽  
Didier Ledoux ◽  
Marie-Elisabeth Faymonville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
French Speaking

Abstract Background: Although non-pharmacological tools are nowadays commonly used in medical settings, virtual reality and hypnosis are little studied in complex contexts such as intensive care, where patients need significant physical and psychological assistance. The aim of the project is to evaluate the benefits of hypnosis, virtual reality (VR) and the combination of hypnosis and virtual reality (VRH) on anxiety and pain on patients before and after a cardiac surgery.Methods: This prospective randomized and controlled clinical trial was conducted in the University Hospital of Liege (Belgium). Participants are adults undergoing cardiac surgery, French speaking. Exclusion criteria are patients with psychiatric diseases, claustrophobia, acrophobia, heavy hearing impairment, visual impairment, extreme fatigue, verbal incoherence, surgery cancelled or postponed. The day before the surgery, patients were randomly assigned to four arms (control, hypnosis, VR and VRH) and had 20 minutes of one of the technique. They received the same intervention one day after surgery, in intensive care units. Anxiety, pain, fatigue, relaxation and physiological parameters were evaluated before and after each session.Results: 100 patients (66.38 ± 11.48 years; 76 men, 24 women) were included. Results showed that anxiety decreased from baseline to postoperative day in all groups. Relaxation increased in all groups in preoperative (p = .000) and postoperative period (p = 0.03). There were no significant results for pain and fatigue (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between control group and hypnosis, VR or VRH.Conclusion: Anxiety decreased and relaxation increased in all groups, including control group. We cannot affirm that one technique is better than another is. Nevertheless, this study helps to expand the knowledge regarding application of virtual reality, hypnosis and virtual reality hypnosis in the specific contexts of cardiac surgery and intensive care units. Additional studies are required to compare and evaluate the costs-effectiveness of these techniques for critical care patients and caregivers (see Figure 1).Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03820700. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03820700. Registered on January 29 2019. Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals A Virtual Reality based intervention for surgical patients: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca Georgescu ◽  
Anca Dobrean ◽  
Cristina Alina Silaghi ◽  
Horațiu Silaghi
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background: Pain after surgery is normal, and treatments, including both pharmacological and psychological components, are fundamental for proper postoperative care. While several trials have investigated the analgesic effect of traditional non-pharmacological treatments, such as Cognitive Behaviors Therapies, the newer ways of delivering psychological interventions for pain after surgery are scarcely investigated. The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to determine if delivering the psychological content through Virtual Reality (VR) along with the standard pharmacological treatment return better pain relief outcomes than standard care in adult patients following surgery. Methods: This is a protocol of a parallel RCT conducted in one community hospital. In order to test the efficacy of VR environments for reducing pain intensity, in the following day after surgery, adults (18 to 65 years) will be randomly assigned to either (1) standard treatment after surgery (control group) or (2) VR based intervention along with standard treatment. It is intended that a minimum of 30 patients be recruited in each group. For estimating the intensity of pain, both self-report and physiological measures will be used. Repeated measures of pain outcomes will be taken before and after the intervention. Moreover, for allowing an in-depth investigation of the effect of VR environments, the primary outcome will be complemented with measures of the adverse effects, level of immersion, and level of presence in the VR environment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03776344. Registered on December 14, 2018.

scholarly journals Influence of Virtual Reality Devices on Pain and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Cystoscopy Performed under Local Anaesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1214
Author(s):  
Mateusz Łuczak ◽  
Łukasz Nowak ◽  
Joanna Chorbińska ◽  
Katarzyna Galik ◽  
Paweł Kiełb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Pain ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Moderate Nausea

Background: Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Its diagnosis is based on transurethral cystoscopy. Virtual reality (VR) is a three-dimensional world generated through the projection of images, the emission of sounds and other stimuli. VR has been proven to be a very effective “distractor” and, thus, a useful tool in managing pain. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of VR sets is technically feasible during the cystoscopy and whether the use of VR devices would reduce the degree of ailments associated with the procedure; Methods: The study prospectively included both men and women who qualified for rigid cystoscopy due to both primary and follow-up diagnostics. The study group underwent rigid cystoscopy with the VR set and the control group underwent the procedure without the VR set. Patients enrolled in both groups were subjected to blood pressure, heart rate and saturation measurements before, during and after the procedure. Additionally, the patients were asked to describe the severity of fear, pain sensations and nausea associated with the procedure. Non-verbal pain manifestations were assessed using the adult adjusted Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) scale; Results: The study population included 103 patients (74M/29F; mean age 64.4 years). Pain intensity differed significantly between the groups, reaching lower values in the VR group. In all analyzed subgroups the use of the VR set was associated with higher levels of nausea. The mean FLACC score reached higher values for patients without the VR set. Blood pressure as well as heart rate increased during the procedure and decreased afterwards. The increase in systolic blood pressure and pulse rate was statistically higher in the control group; Conclusions: This study confirmed that cystoscopy is associated with considerable preprocedural fear and severe pain. Blood pressure and heart rate rise significantly during the cystoscopy. VR sets can lower pain perception during cystoscopy, but they may cause moderate nausea.

scholarly journals 3D evaluation of mandibular skeletal changes in juvenile arthritis patients treated with a distraction splint: A retrospective follow-up

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 846-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Florinda Otero González ◽  
Thomas Klit Pedersen ◽  
Michel Dalstra ◽  
Troels Herlin ◽  
Carlalberta Verna
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Mandibular Ramus ◽  
Functional Appliance ◽  
Affected Side ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Condylar Displacement

ABSTRACT Objective:  To evaluate three-dimensional (3D) condylar and mandibular growth in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with unilateral temporomandibular joint involvement treated with a distraction splint. Materials and Methods:  Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken for 16 patients with JIA with unilateral TMJ involvement before treatment (T0) and 2 years after treatment (T1). All patients received orthopedic treatment with a distraction splint. Eleven patients without JIA who were undergoing orthodontic treatment without a functional appliance or Class II mechanics and who had taken CBCT scans before and after treatment, served as controls. Reconstructed 3D models of the mandibles at T0 and T1 were superimposed on stable structures. Intra- and intergroup growth differences in condylar and mandibular ramus modifications and growth vector direction of the mandibular ramus were evaluated. Results:  In all patients with JIA there were asymmetric condylar volume, distal and vertical condylar displacement, and ramus length differences that were smaller on the affected side. Condylar displacement was more distal and less vertical in the JIA group than in the control group. A larger distal growth of the condylar head and a more medial rotation of the ramus on the affected side were found in the JIA group. Conclusion:  The orthopedic functional treatment for patients with JIA allows for condylar adaptation and modeling, thereby hindering, although with a widely variable response, a further worsening of the asymmetry. Unilateral affection has a possible influence on the growth of the nonaffected side.

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