Breaking the Barriers: Strategies for a Comprehensive U.S. Tobacco Control Program

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elbert D. Glover ◽  
Deborah L. Albritton ◽  
Chris Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Control Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tobacco Control Program ◽  
Legal Market ◽  
Analysis Strategy ◽  
Critical Idea

Given the health and social consequences of tobacco, a policy analysis strategy consisting of three approaches; legal, market, and health education is presented. A unifying feature of the strategy recommendations is that each addresses both prevention of the initiation of tobacco habits and encouragement of cessation. Overall, the strategies focus exclusively on policy alternative initiatives oriented toward reducing the toll of smoking within the United States. The manuscript addresses the conflict that public policy must resolve between the long-term negative health effects and the short-term positive economic interests of tobacco. The critical idea is that policy makers must think beyond local efforts and recognize that they can be a part of a larger network movement working in different ways, yet cooperating for better effectiveness and support to decrease and ultimately stop the use of tobacco products.

The Effects of State and Local Economic Incentives on Business Start-Ups in the United States: County-Level Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-187
Author(s):  
Mark Partridge ◽  
Sydney Schreiner ◽  
Alexandra Tsvetkova ◽  
Carlianne Elizabeth Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Labor Market Flexibility ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Start Ups

Even as economic incentives are increasingly used by policy makers to spur state and local economic development, their use is controversial among the public and academics. The authors examine whether state and local incentives lead to higher rates of business start-ups in metropolitan counties. Existing research indicates that start-ups are important for supporting (net) job creation, long-term growth, innovation, and development. The authors find that incentives have a statistically significant, negative relationship with start-up rates in total and for some industries including export-based and others that often receive incentives. The findings support critics who contend that incentives crowd out other economic activity, potentially reducing long-term growth. The authors also find that greater intersectoral job flows are positively linked to total start-ups, consistent with claims of those who advocate for policies that enhance labor market flexibility through reducing barriers to job mobility.

Alcohol Advertising in the African-American Community

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina M. Scott ◽  
Robert W. Denniston ◽  
Kathryn M. Magruder
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
African American Community ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
American Society ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Beverage alcohol is the most widely used, enjoyed, and abused addictive substance in the United States. Alcohol related problems — which range from alcoholism, cirrhosis, trauma, and criminal behavior to birth defects, cancer, and other long-term health problems — result in an estimated 100,000 deaths and cost the American society more than $135 billion each year. Alcohol abuse is the leading health and safety problem in the African-American community, making its health and social consequences especially severe. Given this backdrop, there are compelling reasons to be concerned when alcohol producers target African Americans with special advertising and promotions. It is important to examine the marketing and advertising practices of alcohol producers as they relate to African-American communities and their potential impact on alcohol-related behaviors.

Gulf rivals will likely increase US lobbying efforts

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Foreign Influence ◽  
Gulf States

Subject Gulf states lobbying in the United States. Significance The Gulf states have long been among the largest spenders on lobbying initiatives in the United States, promoting their economic interests and perspectives on regional geopolitics. This has intensified since 2017 as the Qatar dispute has polarised the region and both sides have sought to win over crucial US decision-makers. These efforts have often backfired and drawn accusations of improper behaviour that could damage bilateral relationships and may affect US domestic politics. Impacts Others considering influencing US policy will look carefully at the successes but also the controversies this lobbying has generated. There is a risk of long-term damage to some Gulf-US relationships amid growing suspicion of foreign influence. Robert Mueller’s probe into the Trump campaign and Russia, which may conclude this year, may also implicate some Gulf states.

Hurricane Iniki: measuring the long-term economic impact of a natural disaster using synthetic control

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makena Coffman ◽  
Ilan Noy
Keyword(s):  
Hawaiian Island ◽  
Control Program ◽  
American Statistical Association ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Tobacco Control Program ◽  
Singular Event ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Control Methodology

AbstractThe long-term impacts of disasters are ‘hidden’ as it becomes increasingly difficult over time to attribute them to a singular event. We use a synthetic control methodology, formalized in Abadie, A. et al. (2010), Synthetic control methods for comparative case studies: estimating the effect of California's tobacco control program, Journal of the American Statistical Association105(490): 493–505, to estimate the long-term impacts of a 1992 hurricane on the Hawaiian island of Kauai. Hurricane Iniki, the strongest storm to hit Hawaii in many years, wrought an estimated US$ 7.4 billion (2008) in direct damages. Since the unaffected Hawaiian Islands provide a control group, the case of Iniki is uniquely suited to provide insight into the long-term impact of natural disasters. We show that Kauai's economy has yet to recover, 18 years after this event. We estimate the island's current population to be 12 per cent smaller than it would have been had the hurricane not occurred. Similarly, aggregate personal income and the number of private sector jobs are proportionally lower.

A Framework for Effective Promotion of a Medicaid Tobacco Cessation Benefit

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-632
Author(s):  
Rhonda K. Williams ◽  
Rebecca L. Brookes ◽  
Erin R. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Health Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tobacco Control Program ◽  
Raising Awareness

Tobacco burden is significantly greater among those insured by Medicaid, with a smoking prevalence about twice as high as the national average (28% vs. 15%). Over the past decade, smoking prevalence among those insured by Medicaid has remained relatively unchanged while overall smoking prevalence in the United States and among other insurance groups decreased. This indicates need for targeting tobacco control strategies to those insured by Medicaid. In response, the Vermont Tobacco Control Program (VTCP) set out to implement best practice by making its Medicaid cessation benefit more comprehensive and raising awareness and use of the benefit to support members in quitting. The VTCP collaborated with its Medicaid and health department leadership to implement this initiative, learning and adapting processes along the way. The VTCP identified a framework and considerations for programs implementing best practice to expand access and utilization of cessation supports. Elements of success include collaboration, data sharing, and promotion. As a result, the VTCP created an infrastructure that increases access, awareness, and use of cessation supports among Medicaid members and providers. Between 2013 and 2017, the quit ratio among Vermont Medicaid members increased from 8% to 13% and the smoking rate decreased from 36% to 31%.

Efficacy of a tailored tobacco control program on long-term use in a population of U.S. Military troops.

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Klesges ◽  
Margaret DeBon ◽  
Mark W. Vander Weg ◽  
C. Keith Haddock ◽  
Harry A. Lando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Tobacco Control Program

scholarly journals US Tobacco 21 is Paving the Way for a Tobacco Endgame

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2110503
Author(s):  
Samuel C J Kim ◽  
Jason E Martinez ◽  
Yanjun Liu ◽  
Theodore C Friedman
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Students ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Tobacco Control Program ◽  
Tobacco Addiction ◽  
The Us ◽  
Minimum Age

The battle against tobacco usage is being fought on all fronts. On December 19, 2019, a measure to raise the minimum age to buy tobacco products to 21 from 18 was passed by the United States Congress and signed by President Donald Trump. This instated banning the sale of all tobacco products and electronic cigarettes to anyone in the US under the age of 21. This follows the raising of the age to buy tobacco in California to 21 in 2016. According to the California Tobacco Control Program: in 2016, roughly 10% of high-school students were smoking cigarettes, but by 2018, only 2%. The percentage of retailers selling tobacco to underaged youth dropped dramatically. These data show that the CA Tobacco 21 law was effective in decreasing the obtainability and usage of tobacco by youth. We expect that US Tobacco 21 will be similarly effective in reducing tobacco use by youth leading to less tobacco addiction in the US.

Waiting for Peace

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-39
Author(s):  
Luke Patey
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping

China’s long-standing non-interference policy has been discarded in practice. In Libya, Iraq, Yemen, and elsewhere, China is working to safeguard its nationals and economic interests and make peace in overseas conflicts. South Sudan represents a pioneering case for China’s diplomats entering peace talks abroad, Chinese business managers to engage in corporate responsibility, and Chinese soldiers to join the Blue Helmets of United Nations peacekeeping. Despite the efforts of Chinese oilmen and diplomats in the African country, China has struggled to shape events on the ground. Beijing’s willingness to strike short-term, transactional deals with rebel groups undermines long-term stability. Chinese peacekeepers cannot overcome the inherent challengers of modern United Nations peacekeeping. Chinese actors in the country, from arms dealers to oil companies, often frustrate one another’s interests. Neither does China coordinate well with other foreign powers, as geopolitical tensions with the United States cloud mutual interests in building peace in South Sudan, Myanmar, and other overseas conflicts.

How adolescents cope with food insecurity in Baltimore City: an exploratory study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2260-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Mmari ◽  
Asari Offiong ◽  
Susan Gross ◽  
Tamar Mendelson
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Baltimore City ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods ◽  
Risky Behaviours

AbstractObjective:To increase our understanding about food insecurity among urban adolescents, we conducted a qualitative study in Baltimore City with adolescents to: (i) explore how adolescents experience and cope with food insecurity; and (ii) identify community-based approaches or interventions for addressing food insecurity.Design:A total of eight focus groups were conducted across six neighbourhoods. To gather sociodemographic characteristics and personal data on food insecurity, all consented adolescents completed a brief questionnaire.Setting:Six purposively selected neighbourhoods in Baltimore City, USA.Participants:A total of fifty-three adolescents between the ages of 14 and 19 years participated in the study.Results:Although half of our sample was classified as food insecure, everyone in the focus groups was aware of adolescents who engaged in risky behaviours to get money for food. Among girls, prostituting was the most commonly mentioned behaviour, whereas for boys, it was selling drugs or stealing to get money for food. Adolescents also described tremendous stigma associated with food insecurity and agreed that food insecurity has to be viewed within a broader set of economic challenges.Conclusions:Addressing food insecurity among adolescents in disadvantaged neighbourhoods should be a high priority for policy makers and practitioners. Current feeding programmes are not addressing the needs of adolescents; as a result, adolescents are at risk for a variety of harmful behaviours and outcomes, with long-term negative health and social consequences.

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