Dreams as Problem Solving: A Method of Study — Part II: The Oral Defense Dream

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
George W. Baylor ◽  
Daniel Deslauriers
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Dream Characters

This article (Part II) presents the detailed analysis of one dream in order to illustrate the Dream Understanding Exercise (DUE), a method of study presented in Part I. In the five-step method the dream and associations are recorded, followed by an analysis of content; an identification and expansion of the underlying script; an investigation of the dream characters' problem solving; and a look at problem solving at the organismic level. The method is evaluated and discussed in terms of the problem-solving function of dreams.

A model of the mechanical design process based on empirical data

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Ullman ◽  
Thomas G. Dietterich ◽  
Larry A. Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Cad Tools ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Key Features

This paper describes the task/episode accumulation model (TEA model) of non-routine mechanical design, which was developed after detailed analysis of the audio and video protocols of five mechanical designers. The model is able to explain the behavior of designers at a much finer level of detail than previous models. The key features of the model are (a) the design is constructed by incrementally refining and patching an initial conceptual design, (b) design alternatives are not considered outside the boundaries of design episodes (which are short stretches of problem solving aimed at specific goals), (c) the design process is controlled locally, primarily at the level of individual episodes. Among the implications of the model are the following: (a) CAD tools should be extended to represent the state of the design at more abstract levels, (b) CAD tools should help the designer manage constraints, and (c) CAD tools should be designed to give cognitive support to the designer.

Problem Solving and Mathematical Beliefs

1988 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 32-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha L. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Computer Programming ◽  
Mathematical Beliefs ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Problem Solvers

A frequently asked question in the decade since problem solving has become a popular topic in mathematics education is “How can we get students to become better problem solvers?” Answers to this question have focused on such in structional techniques as the introduction of problem-problemsolving strategies (“heuristics”), Polya's four-step method, or even the teaching of computer programming languages such as Logo or BASIC.

scholarly journals Pengaruh 7-Step Problem Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah ditinjau dari Kemampuan Bernalar Ilmiah

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Amin Mustajab ◽  
Muhardjito Muhardjito ◽  
Sunaryono Sunaryono
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Average Value

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The purpose of this study to determine how the differences students' problem solving abilities between 7-step PBL and conventional methods are reviewed from scientific reasoning ability. Total sample in this study (N) 125 students selected using the convienence sampling technique. The method used in this study is a quantitative research method with factorial 2 x 2 research design. Results of the study show that the learning method provides statistical difference in students' problem solving abilities. The average value of problem solving abilities of students who take part in learning using the PBL 7-step method is 60.51. In the conventional class is 51.12.</p><strong>Abstrak:<em> </em></strong>Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui bagaimana perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa antara metode <em>7-step PBL</em> dan konvensional ditinjau dai kemampuan bernala ilmiah. Sampel pada penelitian ini (N) berjumlah 125 siswa yang dipilih menggunakan teknik <em>convienence sampling</em>. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian <em>factorial 2 x 2</em>. Terdapat perbedaan secara statistik antara metode <em>7-step PBL</em> dan konvensional terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Rerata nilai kemampuan pemecahan masalah ikuti siswa untuk belajaran dengan menggunakan metode <em>7-step PBL</em> sebesar 60,51. Pada kelas konvensional rerata nilai kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa sebesar 51,12.

scholarly journals Situational-Vectorial Analysis of Transcripts of Sessions, Aimed at Overcoming of Learning Difficulties: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Nikolaevskaia
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Zone Of Proximal Development ◽  
Proximal Development ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Creative Problem

The article presents an analysis of the case of the provision of psychological and pedagogical help to students with learning difficulties by means of a reflective-activity approach. The evaluation carried out using the methodology of situational-vectorial analysis, developed on the basis of a multi-dimensional model of zone of proximal development and modification of the method of analysis of speech production in creative problem solving. The article briefly describes the stages of applying the methodology: dividing transcripts into situations, analyzing the statements of the counsellor and the student using the method of analyzing of speech production in solving creative problems, correlating statements with the described vectors, fixing the dynamics of changes in the boundaries of the zones of proximal and actual development. Provided detailed analysis of three situations from three sessions with a student of 6th grade who have difficulties in English, the dynamics of personal development described.

The Application of 7 Diamond Process in the Automobile Quality Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 392-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Chen ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Qun Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Step Method

With the rapid development of domestic automobile industry, product quality issues are also increasingly prominent. 7 Diamond Process is one of analysis method and tool used for the automotive industry to solve quality problems and difficult problems, it is a standard seven-step method used to promote problem-solving. Moreover this paper introduces the concept and content of 7 Diamond Process, by giving a practical example, the detailed steps of 7 Diamond Process applied in automobile quality problem analysis are described. It will become an effective tool to improve the quality level of automotive products.

“It's Not Supposed to Work that Way!”: Applying Chaos Science to Work in Organizations

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 848-850
Author(s):  
Glenda H. Eoyang ◽  
Susan M. Dray
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Complex Problem Solving ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Complex Organizations ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Managing Complexity

Complex organizations require new and complex problem solving processes. Chaos science offers a new way of addressing complex organizational issues. This paper gives a 6-step method for managing complexity in organizations, based on the principles of Chaos science.

scholarly journals The significance of the adversative connectives aber, mais, ma (‘but’) as indicators in young children’s argumentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Rocci ◽  
Sara Greco ◽  
Rebecca Schär ◽  
Josephine Convertini ◽  
Anne-Nelly Perret-Clermont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
Research Endeavor ◽  
Structured Play

Abstract Adversative connectives have been analyzed as articulating explicit and implicit facets of argumentative moves and have been thus recognized as potential argumentative indicators. Here we examine adversative connectives Ger. aber, Fr. mais, It. ma (‘but’) in young children’s speech in the context of the ArgImp project, a research endeavor seeking to understand in which situations children aged between two and six years engage in argumentation and how their contributions are structured. Two multilingual corpora have been collected for the project: (1) everyday family conversations, (2) semi-structured play activities and problem solving in a kindergarten setting. Through the detailed analysis of a small collection of examples, we consider the indicative potential of adversative connectives for identifying argumentative episodes in interactions involving young children and for the reconstruction of the inferential configurations of children’s contributions to these argumentative discussions. The results show that fully fledged argumentative interpretations of adversatives occur as a possibility in children’s speech, and that adversative connectives can be used profitably to identify less apparent argumentative confrontations and implicit standpoints in children’s speech.

Using the Critiquing Approach to Cope with Brittle Expert Systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Guerlain
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
System A ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Effective Role

We have conducted a series of studies aimed at understanding how to design cooperative problem-solving systems to deal with situations in which the computer is not fully competent (the “brittleness” problem). Results from an initial empirical study showed that an expert system acting as an automated assistant induced new errors in such situations, but that this did not occur when the system was designed to critique user's performance on the task. Guided by these results, a more complete critiquing system was then designed and evaluated. On cases where the computer was fully competent, outcome errors were completely eliminated (a 30–60% reduction in errors). On a case for which the system was brittle (less than fully competent), misdiagnosis rates were still reduced by 31%, giving an overall significance of p < 0.000003 across all Post-Test Cases, further supporting our initial study regarding the potential value of critiquing as an effective role for an expert system. A detailed analysis of the influence of performance further indicates the ways in which different classes of critics detect errors and influence the user's problem-solving.

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