Physiological evaluation of drought tolerance in Poplar (Populus deltoids L.) for different drought levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
I. M. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Experiments were conducted to evaluate drought tolerance under different levels of water stress in poplar trees. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fmax), plant height, number of leaves, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area index (LAI) and total biomass content in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Cuttings were showed poor performance with increasing levels of drought stress. Severity were observed in Pn, E, Fv/Fmax, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and number of leaves, SLA, LAI and total biomass content with increasing levels of water stress. Decreased CO2 assimilation and transpiration rate due to instantaneous closure of stomata to protect the plants against hazardous effects of water stress leads to overall decrease in biomass of cuttings with 60 days water stress treatments. By visualizing the results, we can say that Scarcity of water is a severe environmental constraint to plant productivity. Drought-induced loss in plant productivity, since both the severity and duration of the stress are critical. Secondly, we can emphasise with our experiment that poplar plants can maintain their better growth and biomass only up to 75-50% of FC after that stress shows its severity so much that the aim of plants is only to survive and biomass maintenance become vague.

scholarly journals Influence of Spiral Nematodes (Scutellonema spp.) on Maize Performance and Growth under Natural Field Infestation in Mwea, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Samuel Maina ◽  
Rossa Nyoike Ng’endo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a significant food security crop in Kenya and it serves as the main source of nutrition and calories among the small-holder farmers. The overall maize yields per hectare have been fluctuating in the past few years posing a great risk to food security. Among the stress factors associated with maize yield loss include plant-feeding nematodes. In this regard, this study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of plant-parasitic nematodes specifically Scutellonema spp. under field conditions on maize performance in Mwea, Kenya. The field trials were laid out in a randomized complete block design with each treatment comprising of four replicates. The treatments included maize plots without nematicide (MPWN) and control plots treated with nematicide. The experiments were conducted in two trials. Soil samples were taken at a 0–20 cm depth at monthly intervals during 2018–2019. During the two trials, MPWN recorded significantly lower plant height and number of leaves per plant. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between Scutellonema abundance with leaf area index, plant height, and number of functional leaves in MPWN during the 2019 trial. This implies that high population of Scutellonema perhaps has the potential to affect leaf area index, plant height, number of leaves per plant, which are aspects that in turn influence maize productivity. Therefore, holistic sustainable management practices to control Scutellonema spp. in maize fields such as use of organic amendments, resistant maize cultivars, and antagonistic organisms are crucial in order to alleviate negative impacts linked to Scutellonema infestation.

scholarly journals Impact of autumn (fall) dormancy rating on growth and development of seedling lucerne

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.T. Ta ◽  
E.I. Teixeira ◽  
D.J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Individual Leaf ◽  
Fall Dormancy

To quantify the influence of autumn (fall) dormancy (FD) on DM production and phenological development during the seedling phase, three lucerne genotypes with contrasting ratings were grown at Lincoln University, New Zealand. A dormant (FD2), a semi-dormant (FD5), and a winter-active (FD10) genotype were inoculated and sown at a rate of 290 plants/m2 on 8 October 2014. By the end of the seedling phase (15 January 2015) the FD10 genotype had produced 20% higher shoot yield and 17% higher root yield than the other two genotypes. The percentage of total biomass partitioned to roots (Proot) was 50% for all genotypes. Total plant biomass (root + shoot yields) was 6.55 t DM/ha for FD10 compared with 5.57 t DM/ha for FD 2 and FD5. Plant height at the open-flower stage was 39.5 cm for FD10 compared with 34.5 cm for FD5 and 33.5 cm for FD2. Maximum leaf area index was similar amongst genotypes at 2.5. However, individual leaf area was 142, 119 and 111 cm2/stem for FD10, FD5 and FD2, respectively. The phyllochron was 52oCd per primary leaf (base temperature of 1oC) and consistent amongst genotypes. The number of primary leaves and branches were also conservative at 17 and 14/shoot, respectively. Therefore, differences in shoot yield among these lucerne genotypes during the seedling stage were mainly due to differences in plant height and individual leaf area expansion per plant. This led to greater light interception and therefore higher total biomass accumulation for FD10 than for the other two genotypes. Keywords: alfalfa, autumn, Medicago sativa L., phyllochron

scholarly journals The potency of mexican sunflower extract as the replacement of manure and rice husk charcoal in banana seedling

Jurnal Agro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Andre Sparta ◽  
Arifah Rahmi ◽  
Panca Jarot Santoso ◽  
Ida Fitrianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In the nursery, media composition plays an essential role in the growth and development of plant seedlings. Extract of Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) could be suitable for replacing organic manure and rice husk charcoal during the seedling phase. The purpose of this study is to examine the ability of Mexican sunflower extract to replace organic manure and rice husk charcoal as the source of nutrients for banana seedling. The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with seven treatments and three replications. Extract of Mexican sunflower promotes plant growth (plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area), improves plant biomass, and improves soil chemical properties (pH (H2O), C organic, and total N). Application twice a week of Mexican sunflower into soil medium resulted superior in plant height, the number of leaves, leaf area, and total biomass of banana seedlings compared to other treatments. Extract of Mexican sunflower could replace organic manure and rice husk charcoal as the nutrient source in banana seedlings. AbstrakPada saat pembibitan, komposisi media memiliki peranan penting terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bibit tanaman. Ekstrak bunga matahari Meksiko (Tithonia diversifolia) dapat menjadi pilihan yang cocok untuk menggantikan peran dari pupuk kandang dan sekam bakar pada fase pembibitan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari kemampuan dari ekstrak bunga matahari Meksiko untuk menggantikan peran pupuk kandang dan sekam bakar sebagai sumber nutrisi bagi bibit pisang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tujuh perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Ekstrak bunga matahari Meksiko dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan luas daun), biomassa tanaman, dan property dari kimia tanah (pH (H2O), karbon  organik  dan   total nitrogen). Aplikasi dari ekstrak bunga matahari Meksiko dua kali seminggu ke media tanah menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun dan total biomassa tanaman yang lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bunga matahari Meksiko dapat menggantikan peran dari pupuk kandang sapi dan sekam bakar sebagai sumber nutrisi bagi bibit pisang.           

Effect of Land Configuration and Crop Residue – Mulch on Millet Performance in Minna, Savanna of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
P. C. Eze ◽  
A. J. Odofin ◽  
A. Attahiru ◽  
I. N. Onyekwere ◽  
B. A. Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A 2 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted in cropping season at the old Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Technology, Minna, to determine the effect of land configuration and crop residue – mulch on the growth and yield of millet in Minna, Southern guinea savanna zone of Nigeria. It was a randomized complete block design with two types of land configuration (ridge and flat surface) and three mulch application rates (0, 10 and 15 t/ha), replicated three times. Composite soil samples were collected from the experimental site at 0 – 15 and 15 – 30 cm depths prior to the commencement of this study, for the determination of initial soil physicochemical properties. Crop growth parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of tillers per plant and leaf area index at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after planting. Yield indices determined were panicle length and stover yield. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance at 0.05 level of significance, while means separation was done using Duncan’s multiple range test. Findings in this study showed that planting on ridge resulted in taller (P ≤ 0.05) millet plants and a higher number of leaves per plant, a higher number of tillers per plant and higher leaf area index than planting on the flat. Plant height, the number of leaves per plant, the number of tillers per plant, leaf area index, panicle length and stover yield increased with increasing mulch application rates.

scholarly journals Application of Taxonomic Classification in Soil Fertility Management Using Maize (Zea mays L.) as Test Crop in Alfisols of Makurdi, Benue State

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Jacob Usman ◽  
S. Idoga ◽  
O.J. Ogbu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The Alfisols of Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State was studied with the aim to characterize and classify the soils and determine the optimum fertilizer rate for maize production on the selected soil type of the study area. The soils were formed on Makurdi sand stone, deep (141 cm) and well drained. They were coarse-textured and moderately acidic in reaction (pH 6.6 – 7.0). They had low organic carbon contents ranging from 3.36 to 3.78 % and high base saturation of 58.6 % to 77.4 %. Based on the physical and chemical characteristics, the soils were classified as Eutric Ochrustalfs/Eutric Luvisols. In terms of growth parameters; plant height and number of leaves were not significantly different while leaf area, leaf area index and the stem diameter were significantly different. The highest (130.60 cm, 12.30 and 79.88 mm) plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter were observed at the rate of NPK 150:75:75 kg/ha of fertilizer. In terms of yield parameters, ear weight and grain yield were not statistically significant whereas, ear length and ear diameter were statistically significant. However, NPK 60:30:30 kg/ha showed the highest (178 g) ear weight while application of NPK 150:75:75 kg/ha gave the highest (2.82 kg) grain yield. Since there was no significant difference between the fertilizer rates, it could be concluded that the minimum application rate (NPK 60:30:30 kg/ha) should be used in cultivating maize in Alfisols of Makurdi instead of the highest or the blanket recommendation which involved higher cost.

scholarly journals Discontinuous hydration improves germination and drought tolerance in Annona squamosa seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e56710313706
Author(s):  
José Laurindo dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Rafael Silva Freitas ◽  
Elizamar Ciríaco da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Suppression ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The aim of this work was to determine if the discontinuous hydration of A. squamosa seeds benefit its seed germination and if the seedlings from these seeds have a greater tolerance to water deficit through the analysis of growth parameters. The experimental design was a completely randomized, in a 4x3 factorial, with four HD cycles in seeds (zero, one, two and three) and three water treatments (control with daily watering, and cycles of five and ten-intervals days between watering). Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry biomass, root/shoot ratio, leaf area, specific leaf area, and leaf area ratio were evaluated. Discontinuous hydration treatments benefited germination and promoted a better growth of the seedlings under water deficit cycles. The application of three HD cycles increased plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and dry matter of the seedlings compared to the other cycles. On the other hand, water suppression caused a reduction in the growth of A. squamosa, especially at ten-day intervals between watering. HD cycles in the seeds improved drought tolerance in the seedlings, mainly when three HD cycles are applied to the seeds, suggesting this is a good technique to produce seedlings better tolerant to environments with reduced water availability.

scholarly journals Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman Pakchoy (Brassica chinensis L.) akibat pemberian berbagai pupuk limbah organik

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Anang Dani Alsyah ◽  
Adriani Darmawati ◽  
Sumarsono Sumarsono
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tea Waste ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fertilizer application types such as wasted tea fertilizer, leaf litter fertilizer, and market wasted fertilizer on growth and yield of pakchoy mustard. The experimental design was Mono factorial Complete Randomized Design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were without fretilization (A0), Tea Wasted fertilizer (A1), Leaf Litter fertilizer (A2), Market Wasted fertilizer (A3), Tea Wasted fertilizer + leaf litter fertilizer (A4), Tea Wasted fertilizer + Market Wasted fertilizer (A5), leaf litter fertilizer + Market Wasted fertilizer (A6), Urea fertilizer 300 kg/ha (A7). Each treatment was replicated in three times and produced 24 experimental units with experimental plots area of 1 m x 1.5 m. The observed parameters were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index and fresh canopy production. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and continuedby Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 5%. The results showed that fertilizer treatment of various types of organic waste fertilizer Tea Wasted fertilizer, Leaf Litter fertilizer, Market Wasted fertilizer, Tea Wasted fertilizer + leaf litter fertilizer, Tea Wasted fertilizer + Market Wasted fertilizer, leaf litter fertilizer + Market Wasted fertilize resulted in plant height, number of leaves, fresh leaf canopy production significantly different from treatment without fertilization and urea fertilization. The best result of fresh canopy production was found in the treatment of market waste fertilizer weighing 2,778.47 g / m², the fertilizer application of market waste fertilizer and the combination treatment of tea and market waste fertilizer yielded the best plant height with 31.16 cm, the combination treatment of waste fertilizer Tea and market produces the best leaves as much as 12.44 leaflets, and fertilizer treatment of tea waste fertilizer, market waste fertilizer, tea waste fertilizer + market waste fertilizer, and leaf litter fertilizer + market waste fertilizer yield value index of leaf area 1.23. Keywords : Organic Fertilizer, Organic Wasted Fertilizer, Pakchoy

scholarly journals DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG DAN UMUR PANEN PADA PRODUKSI BABY KANGKUNG (IPOMOEA REPTANS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Leviana Eka Vivia ◽  
Trijono Djoko Sulistyo ◽  
Mujiyo Mujiyo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Number Of Leaves

<p align="left"><em>The research aims to assess the yield of baby kale that can be consumed almost all of the parts and generate organic manure free. Field research was conducted in Sindon Village, Ngemplak, Boyolali in September to October 2016. The research method uses Randomized Complete Block Design factorial with two factors, these are the dosage of manure and the age of harvest. Manure consisted of 4 doses O1 (0 ton/ha), O2 (6 tons/ha) and O3 (8 tons/ha) and O4 (10 tons/ha), and age of harvest consisted of P1 (16 DAS), P2 (20 DAS), and P3 (24 DAS). Variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, internode length, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area index, and harvest index. The result showed that age of harvest has significant influence plant height, internode length, the number of leaves, leaf area index, fresh weight, dry weight, and harvest index. Manure doses only influence dry weight. Manure dosage of 8 ton/ha and harvest age of 16 DAS is the best combination of baby kale. Manure dosage of 10 ton/ha and harvest age of 16 DAS produce baby kale that can be consumed almost in all parts of the plant with the highest harvest index that is equal to 0.83.</em></p>

scholarly journals Correlation Studies in Tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum L. Karst) as Affected by Mulching and Cultivar During the Heat Period in the Semi-Arid Region of Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Wali ◽  
B.H. Kabura
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Lycopersicon Lycopersicum ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Heat Period ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Tomato though a day neutral crop, is predominantly cultivated during the cool dry harmattan partly due to low incidence of diseases and favourable low temperature. The scarcity of fresh tomato outside this season needs to be considered to meet the teeming demand of the populace. Knowledge of the nature of association between yield and its components is of great necessary in any breeding programme. It was against this background that a field experiment was conducted in 2008 and 2009 at Salam Farm of Ngaburari village of Konduga Local Government Area of Borno State (Lat. 12°N and Long. 13°13’E) in the Semi-Arid Region of Nigeria to determine the relationship between yield and other agronomic parameters as affected by mulching and cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum L. Karst) during the heat period to provide effective tool for breeders. The treatments consisted of five cultivars of tomato (Tandino, Danbaga, Roma VF, UC82B and Dansyria) and six grass mulch (Pennisetum pedicelatum Trin) levels (0 t/ha, 2.5 t/ha, 5 t/ha, 7.5 t/ha, 10 t/ha and 12.5 t/ha) which were laid out in a strip-plot design and replicated three times. The parameters studied include plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, number of branches per plant, days to first and 50 % flowering, number of fruits, weight of fruits per plant and yield in t/ha. Data collected were subjected to Correlation Analysis using Statistic 8.0 and the results of the combined years for cultivars indicated that total fruits yield was significantly and positively correlated with plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, days to first flowering and weight of fruits but significantly negatively correlated with days to 50 % flowering. Similarly, correlation of parameters as affected by mulch indicated significant and positive correlation of fruit yield with plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index days to first flowering, number of fruits and weight of fruits but significantly negatively correlated with number of branches and days to 50 % flowering. Days to first flowering had significant positive correlation with days to 50 % flowering, number of fruits and weight of fruits both as affected by cultivar and mulch. Hence selection for high yield during heat period in the semi arid region of Nigeria should be based on earliness to flowering.

scholarly journals Performance of Anthurium (Anthurium anderanum Lindl) cultivars under hill zone of Karnataka

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-74
Author(s):  
S K Nataraj ◽  
Kirtimala B Naik ◽  
HS Yallesh Kumar ◽  
Y S Ramesha
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Experimental Block ◽  
Number Of Leaves

An investigation was carried out at experimental block, College of Horticulture, Mudigere. Tropical recorded maximum LAI 2.83, and had maximum plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and Leaf area Index. Cultivar Crinkle Red recorded maximum number of flowers per plant per year (13.14), which was on par with Tropical (11.77), Cheers (10.60) and Fire (10.25). Cultivar Midori recorded maximum vase life (35.00 days) followed by Tropical (33.33 days) and it was on par with Fire (32.22 days). Cultivar Midori recorded maximum vase life (35.00 days), followed by Tropical (33.33 days) and it was on par with Fire (32.22 days) and highest B:C ratio is recorded in cultivar Tropical (1.83) and it was least in Fantacia (1.13) .

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