Extent and Pattern of Natural Occurrence of Lac Insect (Kerria lacca) and their Host Plants in different Agro-Climatic Zones of Bihar

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
MD. MONOBRULLAH ◽  
DEEPAK RANJAN KISHORE
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Ficus Religiosa ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Butea Monosperma ◽  
Kerria Lacca ◽  
Ficus Benghalensis ◽  
Lac Cultivation ◽  
Lac Insect

Surveys were conducted in 28 districts of Bihar for occurrence of natural population of lac insect; Kerria lacca Kerr (Hemiptera, Tachardiidae), and abundance of its host plant. Naturally occurring lac insect was observed in 18 districts in varied proportion mostly on Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis and rarely on Ziziphus mauritiana and Butea monosperma. Majority of insects were found dead but at few places good live population were noticed. Natural occurrence of lac insect was found highly vulnerable to human interventions, high temperature and parasitoids and predators. Out of 17 districts of south Bihar, falling under zone III, 10 districts were found rich in naturally surviving lac insect. Lac insects in scattered manner were also observed in many districts of Northern Bihar but occurrence and population densities were very low. Survey revealed the abundance of lac host and natural population of lac insects in various districts of zone III (58%) of Bihar. These findings could open a new window for introduction lac cultivation in these areas for livelihood support to resource poor farmers, especially during off-agricultural season.

scholarly journals Impact of biotic and abiotic factors on lac production and peoples’ livelihood improvement in India-An overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 894-904
Author(s):  
S Sarvade ◽  
R K Panse ◽  
S K Rajak ◽  
V B Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽  
Butea Monosperma ◽  
Eublemma Amabilis ◽  
Pseudohypatopa Pulverea ◽  
Schleichera Oleosa ◽  
Lac Cultivation ◽  
June July

In India, Madhya Pradesh is the third largest lac producing state after Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand, as they contribute 12, 16 and 60%, respectively in total country’s lac production. Lac is produced in ten out of eleven agro-climatic zones of Madhya Pradesh. In total lac production of the state, Baisakhi (Butea monosperma, inoculated in October-November) crop contributes 76% followed by 19% by Katki (Butea monosperma, inoculated in June-July), 3% by Aghani (Schleichera oleosa, inoculated in June-July) and 2% by Jethwi (Schleichera oleosa, inoculated in January-February). Ranchi was leading lac producing district followed by Simdega, Gumla, Khunti of Jharkhand and Seoni district of Madhya Pradesh. Increasing summer temperature up to 45 ⁰C, the country’s lac production was declined from 20,050 tons in 2003-04 to 16978 tons in 2014-15. In case of biotic factors, Tachardiaephagus tachardiae and Tetrastichus purpureus are the most abundant lac associated parasites and Eublemma amabilis and Pseudohypatopa pulverea are the most destructive key predators of lac insects. By combating these hindrances, lac cultivation generated an employment for 16-160 man days. Lac cultivation produces maximum gross return (Rs. 9,77,600) from 100 Kusum host plants, and the highest Benefit-Cost (6.80) ratio was recorded for Ber-kusumi (Ziziphus mauritiana- Schleichera oleosa) crop in Ranchi, Jharkhand. In this context, the study finds out obstacles in lac production of India and suggests some control measures to improve lac producing peoples’ livelihood.  

scholarly journals ​Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.)]: New Promising Host of Lac [Kerria lacca (Kerr)] in Southern Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Swami ◽  
Lekha . ◽  
Gaurang Chhangani ◽  
N.L. Regar
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Kerria Lacca ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Lac Cultivation ◽  
Lac Insect ◽  
The Mean

Background: Lac is a resin secretion of insects [Kerria lacca (Kerr)], which are commercially cultivated through ages. Lac cultivation has its roots in India and a major source of economy to the local populace. Though different lac hosts have been recorded in Rajasthan, but it is not cultivated commercially. Pigeonpea crop could be utilized for encouraging lac cultivation in the region and yield losses can be compensated by additional income received from lac resin. Methods: The experiment on “Studies on Economics and Yield Attributing Parameters of Lac Cultivation on Yield of Pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) in Southern Rajasthan” was conducted on Rangeeni strain of lac insect in Baisakhi season at lac insect gene bank cum garden situated at Department of Entomology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur during 2019-20 and 2020-21 respectively. The life cycle of Rangeeni strain of lac insect were studied on pigeonpea sown in last week of August in plot size measuring 2 × 10 sq m during Baisakhi season of both year. Result: The study revealed that the mean initial settlement density of lac insect on pigeonpea ranged from 67.53 to 84.20 with 4.27 to 5.27 (per sq. cm) mature female cell density during successive years. The mean per cent settlement was found to be the maximum (91.78 and 91.15%) at lower portion of the pigeonpea plant during respective years. The duration of sex differentiation ranged from 48.23 to 49.10 days for both successive years. The benefit cost ratio was also higher (1.95 and 2.09) in lac inoculated experiment then the sole seed crop (control) of pigeon pea (1.84 and 1.35) in season 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively. All the parameter revealed that pigeon pea is economically efficient host for the Rangeeni strain of lac in agro-climatic region of southern Rajasthan.

scholarly journals Modelling potentially suitable lac cultivation zones of Butea monosperma to promote livelihood security in rural India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad Tiwari ◽  
Brojo Gopal Ghosh ◽  
S. N. Vaidya ◽  
Sk Mujibar Rahaman ◽  
Masjuda Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural India ◽  
Butea Monosperma ◽  
Livelihood Security ◽  
Lac Cultivation

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF COMBINED EXTRACTS PREPARED USING FICUS RELIGIOSA AND FICUS BENGHALENSIS LEAVES AGAINST CERVICAL CANCER CELL LINE (HELA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Suriya Kumaresan ◽  
Rema Ramasamy ◽  
Philip Robinson Jayachandran
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ficus Religiosa ◽  
Ficus Benghalensis ◽  
Cell Proliferation Activity ◽  
Reduction Assay ◽  
Proliferation Activity

Objectives: Medicinal plants and herbs are used in combination in Ayurveda and folklore medicine as they exhibit good cytotoxic activity. In the present study, the antioxidant, phytochemical, and cell proliferation activity of the combined crude methanolic extract of Ficus religiosa and Ficus benghalensis leaves were investigated.Methods: Antioxidant activity was performed by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide methods, and the presence of the phytochemicals was screened using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The extract was further evaluated for its cell proliferation activity against cancer cells using the mitochondrial reduction assay. Antioxidant property of the extracts was measured using the DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay, respectively, using the UV spectrophotometer.Results: The combined extract exhibited strong antioxidant potential in DPPH assay by increase in the percentage of inhibition with the increase in concentration. Similarly, the IC50 value of the methanol extract in peroxidase scavenging activity was 49.85 μg/mL comparatively lower than the ascorbic acid used as standard. The phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract showed the presence of nine phytoconstituents, which exhibit antioxidant and anticancer property. Mitochondrial reduction assay performed to evaluate the cell proliferation activity of the combined leave extract showed that increase in the concentration of the extract decreased the cell proliferation in the HeLa cell line.Conclusion: The results of present study show a possible synergistic activity of leaves against human cervical cancer.

scholarly journals First empirical evidence of naturally occurring androgenesis in vertebrates

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 170200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Morgado-Santos ◽  
Sara Carona ◽  
Luís Vicente ◽  
Maria João Collares-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Viable Offspring ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Mitochondrial Fragment

Androgenesis among vertebrates is considered a rare phenomenon, with some cases reported so far, but linked to experiments involving gamete manipulation (artificial androgenesis). Herein, we report the first empirical evidence of the natural occurrence of spontaneous androgenesis in a vertebrate, the Squalius alburnoides allopolyploid complex. A genetically screened random sample of a natural population was allowed to reproduce in an isolated pond without any human interference, and the viable offspring obtained was later analysed for paternity. Both nuclear and mitochondrial markers showed that the only allodiploid fish found among all the allotriploid offspring was androgenetically produced by an allodiploid male. This specimen had no female nuclear genomic input, and the sequence of the mitochondrial fragment examined differed from that of the male progenitor, matching one of the parental females available in the pond, probably the mother. The possible role of androgenesis in the reproductive dynamics of this highly successful vertebrate complex is discussed.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Effect of Broodlac Treatment with Insecticides on Population Reduction of Predators and Parasitoids of Lac Insect, Kerria lacca (Kerr)

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-569
Author(s):  
Jai Prakash Singh ◽  
Anil Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Mohammad Monobrullah ◽  
P. Patamajhi
Keyword(s):  
Kerria Lacca ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Lac Insect

Indian lac insect,Kerria lacca, as an important source of honeydew

Bee World ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Krishan Sharma ◽  
A Bhattacharya ◽  
S N Sushil
Keyword(s):  
Kerria Lacca ◽  
Lac Insect
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