scholarly journals Serological and Molecular Detection of Hepatitis B virus among patients referred to Kurdistan Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology in Sulaimani City/Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Raz Sirwan Abdulla ◽  
Salih Ahmed Hama
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Techniques ◽  
Positive Results

Hepatitis B virus infection is caused by the hepatitis B virus, a major global health problem. This infection can lead to chronic conditions, followed by cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The current study was aimed to detect HBV using serological and molecular techniques. During 2019, 300 blood samples were collected from Kurdistan Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology in Sulaimani city. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques were used for the detection of HBsAg and HBV DNA, respectively. Obtained results were revealed that 92 out of 300 tested patients (30.66%) seropositive for HBsAg. Among 92 seropositive patients, 53 were shown positive results for HBV DNA by RT-PCR. Dental clinic visiting and dialysis were among the important risk factors for HBV transmission. The vast majority of positive results were among males. Smokers showed relatively high rates of positive results. One-third of the referred patients who had liver complaints were positive for HBsAg. More than half of the seropositive patients showed RT-PCR positive results. It was concluded that the molecular method (RT-PCR) is more sensitive and gives a more accurate result than serology (ELISA). Therefore, it can be used as a diagnostic tool for HBV detection.

scholarly journals Occult hepatitis B virus infection among hemodialysis patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahil Nahid Samiei ◽  
Somayeh Shokri ◽  
Shahab Mahmoudvand ◽  
Manoochehr Makvandi ◽  
Heshmatollah Shahbazian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus is a major public health impasse all over the world. Recently a new form of hepatitis B infection named Occult hepatitis B Infection (OBI) has appeared globally. The OBI is defined as the presence of HBV DNA in the liver and/or blood in the absence of detectable serum HBsAg with/without anti-HBc or anti-HBs. The prevalence of OBI has been reported in hemodialysis (HD) patients in different regions of the world. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of OBI among HD patients. The cross-sectional study was carried out on 84 HD patients. These sera were checked for HBsAg, HBc-IgG assessment using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The DNA was extracted from the sera samples and tested for HBVDNA detection using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested PCR). The liver function tests including serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were carried out for all the HD individuals. 52/84(61.9%) of HD were males and 32/84 (38.1%) were females. The patient’s age ranged from 25 to 64 with a mean age of 52.4±15.2 years. HBsAg and HBc-IgG were detected in 1(1.1%) female. 2 (2.4%; a female and a male) patients were positive for HBsAg. 14/84 (16.7%; 6 female and 8 male) HD patients were positive for anti-HBc but negative for HBsAg, among them 4(28.6%; 2 female and 2 male) cases were positive for HBV DNA, indicating the presence of OBI in HD patients. Even distribution of OBI among the HD was found in 2(2.36%) male and 2(2.36%) female (P>.0.05). In the present study the moderate rate of 4.76% OBI has been observed in HD patients. The prevalence of seropositive OBI among the gender was 2(2.36%) male and 2(2.36%) female. The seronegative OBI have not been detected in the present study but requires further investigation. In this study the affliction of OBI in HD patients is not clear.

scholarly journals Significance of Hepatitis B Virus Diagnosis by Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction over Serological Markers in Hepatitis B Virus Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Amer A. Khaleel ◽  
Salah T. Jalal ◽  
Saeed G. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Hbs Antigen ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Nucleic Acid Assay ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of viral hepatitis, as currently over 2 billion people have HBV infection worldwide. Nucleic acid assay and quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) have been developed for diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring of patients with HBV infection. These tests might also show correlation between HBV DNA and HBs serostatus. The study aimed to find and analyze the frequency and impact of HBsAg seropositivity among patients revealed HBV DNA negative level through quantitative estimation of both seromarkers. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Elecsys assays were used for quantitative estimation of HBV DNA and HBs antigen, respectively. A total of 256 blood samples were used from patients referred for either diagnostic purpose and/or HBV viral load monitoring after antiviral therapy. Blood profile analysis showed 12.26% HBs antigen seropositivity among patients revealed negative for nucleic acid assay for HBV DNA. Positive HBs antigen titers ranged from 1000–50,000 COI, with seronegative anti-HBs antibody test for all samples tested positive for HBs antigen. This study delineated that negative or undetectable quantitation of HBV DNA level does not exclude HBV infection; as the level might fluctuate in different phases of HBV replication. This gives an impression and raising a question about significance of replacing test for HBsAg with quantitation of HBV DNA PCR assay. Thus, the study refers to a special HBV profile outside the classical pattern.

scholarly journals Hepatocyte Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Secretion and Delays Intracellular Hepatitis B Virus Clearance After Entecavir Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Chen ◽  
Maoyuan Mu ◽  
Qichuan Liu ◽  
Han Hu ◽  
Caiyun Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hbv Replication ◽  
B Virus

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and the antiviral effect of entecavir (ETV).Methods: Thapsigargin (TG) and stearic acid (SA) were used to induce ER stress in HepG2.2.15 cells and HepAD38 cells that contained an integrated HBV genome, while ETV was used to inhibit HBV replication. The expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (p-eIF2α) were measured by western blotting. Intracellular HBV DNA was determined by qPCR; HBsAg by western blotting; HBV RNA by real-time RT-qPCR; HBsAg and HBeAg in supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and HBV DNA in supernatants by qPCR.Results: TG and SA induced ER stress in HepG2.2.15 cells and HepAD38 cells from 12 to 48 h post treatment. However, 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) partly alleviated the TG-induced ER stress. Moreover, TG inhibited HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA secretion from 12 to 48 h, while different concentrations of SA inhibited HBsAg and HBV DNA secretion at 48 h. TG promoted intracellular HBV DNA and HBsAg accumulation and the transcription of the HBV 3.5-kb mRNA and S mRNA. PBA treatment restored the secretion of HBsAg and HBV DNA. Finally, ER stress accelerated extracellular HBV DNA clearance but delayed intracellular HBV DNA clearance after ETV treatment.Conclusions: Hepatocyte ER stress promoted intracellular HBV DNA and HBsAg accumulation by inhibiting their secretion. Our study also suggested that hepatocyte ER stress delayed intracellular HBV DNA clearance after ETV treatment.

Hepatitis B Virus (Hepadnaviridae: Orthohepadnavirus: Hepatitis B virus) among Hospitalized Mentally Disabled Patients is not transmitted by their nurses or family members

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 350-356
Author(s):  
H. Sarbandi ◽  
S. M. Hosseini ◽  
K. Vakili ◽  
M. Fathi ◽  
N. V. Deravi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mentally Disabled ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Disabled Patients

Background. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been reported to be higher in the institutionalized mentally disabled patients than that of the general population previously reported in Iran. This study aims to investigate HBV infection among nurses and families of the hospitalized mentally disabled patients.Material and methods. This study was conducted on 110 nurses and family members of the mentally disabled patients who were hospitalized in five residential care centers of Tehran. The presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) was examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Afterwards, HBV DNA was extracted, and then propagated via a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and specific primers. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method to compare virus genomes in the nurses’ serum with other isolated HBVs worldwide.Results. Out of 102 studied nurses, three (3%) were positive for HBsAg (100% female). Also, no patient was positive for the HBV genome, while eight (7.3%) nurses were positive for HBcAb including two (25%) males and six (75%) females. Genome sequencing of one DNA positive sample showed that the isolated virus from this patient contained sub genotype D1 and subtype ayw2. The results of none of the family members were positive for HBsAg, HBcAb, or HBV DNA.Conclusion. This study showed a higher prevalence of HBsAg among nurses (3%) compared to the Iranian general population (1.7–2.1%). The virus isolated from the nurses belonged to subgenotype D1 and subtype ayw2 in accordance with previous Iranian reports. Also, there was no drug-resistant or vaccine-escape mutations in the obtained viral genome. Moreover, low immune pressure on the virus in the asymptomatic chronic HBV patients might be responsible for low nucleotide divergence among the derived HBV genome.

Molecular Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus DNA and Mutation Status in Patients Under Lamivudine [(-) 2' 3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine] Therapy

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamun Ahmed ◽  
Shaila Nazneen ◽  
Anwarul Azim Akhand
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Lamivudine Resistance ◽  
Lamivudine Therapy ◽  
Sequence Detection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Quantitative analysis of HBV-DNA is extensively used worldwide for monitoring of lamivudine therapy of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We have analyzed the quantity of HBV-DNA during lamivudine therapy and investigated the relationship of lamivudine resistance to mutation type. Ninety-one hepatitis B patients were enrolled in the study where Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) did estimation of HBV DNA and mutation was analyzed by sequence detection via PCR. HBV-DNA was detected in the serum of 96.7% (88/91) patients with mean viral load ranging from 1 ´ 105 to 1 ´ 109. More than 80% patients responded to and 17.3% patients showed resistance to lamivudine therapy. All lamivudine resistant patients had HBV YMDD mutation of either rtL180M/M204V or rtL180M/ M204I type. PCR based analysis of HBV DNA and sequence based mutation detection can be a practically feasible approach in Bangladesh to monitor hepatitis B patients under lamivudine therapy. Key words: Lamivudine, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Mutation Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005 The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website

scholarly journals Detection of hepatitis B virus in plasma using flow cytometric analyses of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA incorporating digoxigenin-11- dUTP

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Yang ◽  
PP Ulrich ◽  
RA Aiyer ◽  
BD Rawal ◽  
GN Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Blood donations are routinely screened by multiple serologic assays for antigens/antibodies associated with infection by blood-borne viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2), and human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I and HTLV-II). A direct detection of these viruses would be more effective for the prevention of transfusion- transmitted infections than the indirect measurement of the variable host immune response to these agents. Because the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for viral gene amplification offers the most sensitive and direct means of detecting viruses in blood, we have developed a nonisotopic PCR procedure for the detection of HBV, chosen as a prototype. The problems, common to previously described PCR methods, of nucleic acid extraction and inhibition of the PCR by plasma proteins were overcome by isolation of HBV from plasma by means of 450-microns polystyrene beads covalently coated with monoclonal antibody to the Pre- S1 region of the viral envelope protein. Detergent lysis and proteinase K digestion of the immunocaptured virions isolated from plasma released the HBV DNA. A modified PCR-amplification protocol, incorporating digoxigenin-labeled dUTP in the amplified gene products followed by hybridization with a specific biotinylated oligonucleotide probe bound to streptavidin-coated 2.8-microns magnetic beads, allowed flow cytometric analyses of HBV-specific PCR products by means of antibodies to digoxigenin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The endpoint serial dilutions of pedigreed human plasma samples containing chimpanzee infectious dose (CID50) of 10(7) for adw and CID50 of 10(7.5) for the ayw subtypes were compared in repeated testing of PCR products by our immunoreactive bead (PCR-IRB) assay. HBV DNA was consistently detected in a 5 x 10(-10) dilution of each sample. In testing 20 coded specimens of blood donors, with or without serologic markers of HBV infection, the PCR-IRB was specific and more sensitive than the PCR analyses by slot blot hybridization with radioactive probe. The PCR-IRB assay can be adapted for simultaneous detection of multiple blood-borne viruses by an automated flow cytometric analysis system.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus in High Risk Groups in Nineveh Governorate / Iraq

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 888-893
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Chronic Kidney Failure ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Positive Results

Hepatitis B is an inflammation of the liver that caused by Hepatitis B virus (HBV) which is DNA virus that infects the human and some kinds of animals such as chimpanzees and birds. This disease considered as the major disease of mankind and a serious global public health problem. HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAb, HBeAb and HBsAb are markers used to detect the presence and the stage of infection. The current study included (181) individuals from both sexes, (137) males and (44) females. By ratio 3.11: 1.The mean age of patients 2.4033 ± 0.83519 (range 18-73) years as follows < 20 (11.6%), 21–40 (47.5%), 41–60 (29.8%) and > 60 (11.0%) . These patients are 73 (40.4%) Blood donors from Central Blood Bank, 88 (48.6%) Chronic kidney failure at Ibn – Sina Teaching Hospital and 20 (11.0%) Thalassemic patients at Ibn – Alatheer Teaching Hospital, Nineveh Governorate / Iraq. For the period from July 2011 till May 2012.The results indicated that the number of serum patients infected with HBV was 90 (49.7%) using Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay technique. These patients had many markers named HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAb, HBeAb and HBsAb with percentages 90 (49.7%), 47 (26.0%), 89 (49.2%), 53 (29.3%) and5 (2.8%) respectively. Ninety three patients infected with HBV ninety of them gave positive results using ELISA and rt-PCR technique, and three gave positive results using rt-PCR only inspite of their negative results in ELISA. We concluded that HBV infection remains a serious issue because it's prevalence is still significant among patients, all viral markers are very important for the diagnosis of infection, rt-PCR is a very sensitive scientific technique gave the exactly number of copies/ml in a closed system.

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