scholarly journals Surveilling Influenza Incidence With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web Traffic Data: Demonstration Using a Novel Dataset

10.2196/14337 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. e14337
Author(s):  
Wendy K Caldwell ◽  
Geoffrey Fairchild ◽  
Sara Y Del Valle
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Background Influenza epidemics result in a public health and economic burden worldwide. Traditional surveillance techniques, which rely on doctor visits, provide data with a delay of 1 to 2 weeks. A means of obtaining real-time data and forecasting future outbreaks is desirable to provide more timely responses to influenza epidemics. Objective This study aimed to present the first implementation of a novel dataset by demonstrating its ability to supplement traditional disease surveillance at multiple spatial resolutions. Methods We used internet traffic data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website to determine the potential usability of this data source. We tested the traffic generated by 10 influenza-related pages in 8 states and 9 census divisions within the United States and compared it against clinical surveillance data. Results Our results yielded an r2 value of 0.955 in the most successful case, promising results for some cases, and unsuccessful results for other cases. In the interest of scientific transparency to further the understanding of when internet data streams are an appropriate supplemental data source, we also included negative results (ie, unsuccessful models). Models that focused on a single influenza season were more successful than those that attempted to model multiple influenza seasons. Geographic resolution appeared to play a key role, with national and regional models being more successful, overall, than models at the state level. Conclusions These results demonstrate that internet data may be able to complement traditional influenza surveillance in some cases but not in others. Specifically, our results show that the CDC website traffic may inform national- and division-level models but not models for each individual state. In addition, our results show better agreement when the data were broken up by seasons instead of aggregated over several years. We anticipate that this work will lead to more complex nowcasting and forecasting models using this data stream.

scholarly journals Surveilling Influenza Incidence With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web Traffic Data: Demonstration Using a Novel Dataset (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy K Caldwell ◽  
Geoffrey Fairchild ◽  
Sara Y Del Valle
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

BACKGROUND Influenza epidemics result in a public health and economic burden worldwide. Traditional surveillance techniques, which rely on doctor visits, provide data with a delay of 1 to 2 weeks. A means of obtaining real-time data and forecasting future outbreaks is desirable to provide more timely responses to influenza epidemics. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to present the first implementation of a novel dataset by demonstrating its ability to supplement traditional disease surveillance at multiple spatial resolutions. METHODS We used internet traffic data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website to determine the potential usability of this data source. We tested the traffic generated by 10 influenza-related pages in 8 states and 9 census divisions within the United States and compared it against clinical surveillance data. RESULTS Our results yielded an <i>r</i><sup>2</sup> value of 0.955 in the most successful case, promising results for some cases, and unsuccessful results for other cases. In the interest of scientific transparency to further the understanding of when internet data streams are an appropriate supplemental data source, we also included negative results (ie, unsuccessful models). Models that focused on a single influenza season were more successful than those that attempted to model multiple influenza seasons. Geographic resolution appeared to play a key role, with national and regional models being more successful, overall, than models at the state level. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that internet data may be able to complement traditional influenza surveillance in some cases but not in others. Specifically, our results show that the CDC website traffic may inform national- and division-level models but not models for each individual state. In addition, our results show better agreement when the data were broken up by seasons instead of aggregated over several years. We anticipate that this work will lead to more complex nowcasting and forecasting models using this data stream.

Hitch a Sugar to a Protein

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-222
Author(s):  
Janet R. Gilsdorf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
American Children ◽  
Native Alaskan

The success of the conjugate Hib vaccines has been spectacular. Prior to their introduction, an estimated 10,000 cases of Hib meningitis occurred annually in the United States, which was approximately 1 in 300 children. It was even higher among native Alaskan and American Indian children. Since the widespread use of the vaccine, the disease has nearly disappeared in the United States, with only 40 cases in children under age 5 years reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2014. Thus, bacterial meningitis, once a scourge that killed and damaged too many American children is, for the most part, now a bad memory.

Nurses’ Implementation of Guidelines for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn L. Cason ◽  
Tracy Tyner ◽  
Sue Saunders ◽  
Lisa Broome
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Care Protocol ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

• Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia accounts for 47% of infections in patients in intensive care units. Adherence to the best nursing practices recommended in the 2003 guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention should reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia. • Objective To evaluate the extent to which nurses working in intensive care units implement best practices when managing adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation. • Methods Nurses attending education seminars in the United States completed a 29-item questionnaire about the type and frequency of care provided. • Results Twelve hundred nurses completed the questionnaire. Most (82%) reported compliance with hand-washing guidelines, 75% reported wearing gloves, half reported elevating the head of the bed, a third reported performing subglottic suctioning, and half reported having an oral care protocol in their hospital. Nurses in hospitals with an oral care protocol reported better compliance with hand washing and maintaining head-of-bed elevation, were more likely to regularly provide oral care, and were more familiar with rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia and the organisms involved than were nurses working in hospitals without such protocols. • Conclusions The guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are not consistently or uniformly implemented. Practices of nurses employed in hospitals with oral care protocols are more often congruent with the guidelines than are practices of nurses employed in hospitals without such protocols. Significant reductions in rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia may be achieved by broader implementation of oral care protocols.

Evaluation of the 1990 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Smoke-Free Policy

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 456-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth L. Emont ◽  
S. Christine Zahniser ◽  
Stephen E. Marcus ◽  
Anne E. Trontell ◽  
Sherry Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Purpose. To determine the prevalence of tobacco use among Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) employees and the effect of the smoke-free policy on smoking behavior and air quality at work. Design. A stratified telephone survey of 1181 CDC/ATSDR employees randomly selected from employee rosters. Setting. CDC/ATSDR work sites in Atlanta, Georgia, and other major CDC locations throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. Subjects. Randomly selected employees of CDC/ATSDR1, or about 22% of the total CDC/ATSDR population; 98% of eligible persons selected agreed to participate. Measures. Demographic and smoking history variables, attitudes toward and impact of the smoke-free policy on smoking behavior, and self-report changes in air quality were the measures used. Results. Overall cigarette smoking prevalence was only 11.1%. One percent reported using chewing tobacco, 1.1% reported smoking a pipe, and 1.4% reported smoking cigars. Average self-reported, daily cigarette comsumption significantly decreased after the smoking ban took effect. Overall, 90 % of the employees supported the smoke-free policy, and 80 % of the employees believed that smokers were complying with the smoke-free policy. Most employees believed that the air quality of work areas and nonwork areas (65% and 69%, respectively) had improved since the smoke-free policy was implemented. Conclusions. These findings are consistent with previous evaluations of smoke-free policies and suggest that most employees are generally supportive of workplace smoking restrictions. Such policies can also have a positive impact on smoking behavior and perceived air quality.

Individuals With Disabilities Who Have Diabetes: Do We Have Targeted Interventions?

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
DeLawnia Comer-HaGans ◽  
Shamly Austin ◽  
Zo Ramamonjiarivelo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Abstract According to 2010 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. It is assumed that various diabetes interventions are available to help individuals manage this chronic disease, but that is not the case. The literature is scant regarding interventions focused on people with disabilities who have diabetes. The purpose of this article is to review interventions specifically focused on people with disabilities who have diabetes and to discuss the effect of these interventions on this population.

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