scholarly journals Testing the Effectiveness of Enhanced Alcohol Warning Labels and Modifications Resulting From Alcohol Industry Interference in Yukon, Canada: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study

10.2196/16320 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e16320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Vallance ◽  
Timothy Stockwell ◽  
David Hammond ◽  
Simran Shokar ◽  
Nour Schoueri-Mychasiw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Real World ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Intervention Site ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Background Alcohol warning labels are a promising, well-targeted strategy to increase public awareness of alcohol-related health risks and support more informed and safer use. However, evidence of their effectiveness in real-world settings remains limited and inconclusive. Objective This paper presents a protocol for a real-world study examining the population-level impact of enhanced alcohol warning labels with a cancer message; national drinking guidelines; and standard drink information on attention, processing, and alcohol-related behaviors among consumers in Canada. Postimplementation modifications to the original protocol due to interference by national alcohol industry representatives are also described. Methods This quasi-experimental study involved partnering with local governments in two northern Canadian territories already applying alcohol warning labels on alcohol containers for sale in liquor stores. The study tested an 8-month intervention consisting of three new enhanced, rotating alcohol warning labels in an intervention site (Whitehorse, Yukon) relative to a comparison site (Yellowknife, Northwest Territories) where labelling practices would remain unchanged. Pre-post surveys were conducted at both sites to measure changes in awareness and processing of label messages, alcohol-related knowledge, and behaviors. Liquor store transaction data were collected from both sites to assess changes in population-level alcohol consumption. The intervention was successfully implemented for 1 month before it was halted due to complaints from the alcohol industry. The government of the intervention site allowed the study to proceed after a 2-month pause, on the condition that the cancer warning label was removed from rotation. Modifications to the protocol included applying the two remaining enhanced labels for the balance of the intervention and adding a third wave of surveys during the 2-month pause to capture any impact of the cancer label. Results This study protocol describes a real-world quasi-experimental study that aimed to test the effectiveness of new enhanced alcohol warning labels as a tool to support consumers in making more informed and safer alcohol choices. Alcohol industry interference shortly after implementation compromised both the intervention and the original study design; however, the study design was modified to enable completion of three waves of surveys with cohort participants (n=2049) and meet the study aims. Conclusions Findings from this study will directly inform alcohol labelling policies in Canada and internationally and provide further insight into the alcohol industry’s attempts to disrupt research in this area. Additional unimpeded real-world evaluations of enhanced alcohol warning labels are recommended. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/16320

scholarly journals Testing the Effectiveness of Enhanced Alcohol Warning Labels and Modifications Resulting From Alcohol Industry Interference in Yukon, Canada: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Vallance ◽  
Timothy Stockwell ◽  
David Hammond ◽  
Simran Shokar ◽  
Nour Schoueri-Mychasiw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Real World ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Intervention Site ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Quasi Experimental

BACKGROUND Alcohol warning labels are a promising, well-targeted strategy to increase public awareness of alcohol-related health risks and support more informed and safer use. However, evidence of their effectiveness in real-world settings remains limited and inconclusive. OBJECTIVE This paper presents a protocol for a real-world study examining the population-level impact of enhanced alcohol warning labels with a cancer message; national drinking guidelines; and standard drink information on attention, processing, and alcohol-related behaviors among consumers in Canada. Postimplementation modifications to the original protocol due to interference by national alcohol industry representatives are also described. METHODS This quasi-experimental study involved partnering with local governments in two northern Canadian territories already applying alcohol warning labels on alcohol containers for sale in liquor stores. The study tested an 8-month intervention consisting of three new enhanced, rotating alcohol warning labels in an intervention site (Whitehorse, Yukon) relative to a comparison site (Yellowknife, Northwest Territories) where labelling practices would remain unchanged. Pre-post surveys were conducted at both sites to measure changes in awareness and processing of label messages, alcohol-related knowledge, and behaviors. Liquor store transaction data were collected from both sites to assess changes in population-level alcohol consumption. The intervention was successfully implemented for 1 month before it was halted due to complaints from the alcohol industry. The government of the intervention site allowed the study to proceed after a 2-month pause, on the condition that the cancer warning label was removed from rotation. Modifications to the protocol included applying the two remaining enhanced labels for the balance of the intervention and adding a third wave of surveys during the 2-month pause to capture any impact of the cancer label. RESULTS This study protocol describes a real-world quasi-experimental study that aimed to test the effectiveness of new enhanced alcohol warning labels as a tool to support consumers in making more informed and safer alcohol choices. Alcohol industry interference shortly after implementation compromised both the intervention and the original study design; however, the study design was modified to enable completion of three waves of surveys with cohort participants (n=2049) and meet the study aims. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study will directly inform alcohol labelling policies in Canada and internationally and provide further insight into the alcohol industry’s attempts to disrupt research in this area. Additional unimpeded real-world evaluations of enhanced alcohol warning labels are recommended.

scholarly journals Testing Alcohol Labels as a Tool to Communicate Cancer Risk to Drinkers: A Real-World Quasi-Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Hobin ◽  
Ashini Weerasinghe ◽  
Kate Vallance ◽  
David Hammond ◽  
Jonathan McGavock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Real World ◽  
Quasi Experimental

scholarly journals ENT SURGEONS AS MASTER TRAINERS OF CRICOTHYROIDOTOMY WILL SAVE PRECIOUS LIVES IN EMERGENCIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-3) ◽  
pp. S504-07
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Asad Shabbir Bukhari ◽  
Sohail Aslam ◽  
Naeem Riaz ◽  
Asim Abbas ◽  
Maqbool Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Trauma Centers ◽  
Paramedical Staff ◽  
Naval Ship ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Main Operation

Objective: To train young doctors and paramedical staff on needle cricothyroidotomy and surgical cricothyroidotomy and provision of kits in trauma centers, main operation theatres and medical reception centers of the hospitals. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Peshawar and Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa, Karachi Pakistan, from Nov 2017 to Oct 2020. Methodology: Doctors and paramedical staff were selected on volunteer basis. Small groups were trained in 2-3hours. The participants were shown two videos of two procedures in Urdu language first and then were trained on mannequin. Results: A total of 345 participants including 205 males and 140 females were trained with mean age was 28.2667 ± 6.24 (SD) years. Out of 61 residents, 54 medical officers, 143 house officers, 35 nurses and 52 paramedical staff were participants. Conclusion: ENT surgeons must arrange mannequins and conduct training sessions of small groups after every 1 to 2 months.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of the Absorbable Polydioxanone (PDO) Thread Lift in Lower Face (Marionette Line) Rejuvenation

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Marian W. Gerges ◽  
Ghada F. R. Hassan ◽  
Walid A. Mostafa ◽  
Iman H. El- Maadawy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Lower Face ◽  
Thread Lift ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Grading Scale ◽  
The Mean

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of PDO thread lifting in lower face (marionette line) rejuvenation. Study Design:  Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Dermatology and Venereology Department, Tanta University Hospital, between January 2018 and April 2019. Methodology: The study included 10 patients asking for lower face rejuvenation who were treated by PDO absorbable threads (2 threads in each side of marionette line). Results: The mean validated grading scale for marionette line score before treatment was of 3.30 ± 0.82 while the mean score immediately after treatment was 1.70 ± 0.82. There was statistically significant improvement according to validated grading scale of marionette line after compared to before. These results were preserved after 1, 3 and 6months. Conclusion: PDO threads is a simple, rapid, immediately effective and office technique procedure.

scholarly journals Pre and post orthodontic treatment changes in the sagittal and vertical skeletal dimension following all four first premolar extractions.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2775-2779
Author(s):  
Hana Pervez ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed ◽  
Erum Behroz ◽  
Sadia Rizwan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Experimental Study Design

Objectives: To determine mean change in sagittal and vertical skeletal dimension in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with all four first premolar extractions. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study design. Setting: Department of Orthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-Ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. Period: Six months from 18th August 2015 to 18th February 2016. Material & Methods:  50 cases treated with all first premolar extractions were included in this study. The analysis was done on pretreatment cephalogram taken at time of enrolment and post treatment lateral cephalogram taken after 12 months of orthodontic treatment and then their measurements were compared to find out changes in the sagittal and vertical dimension. Results: Pre and post mean SNA, SNB, ANB and Pog-Nperp was not significant  while mean A-Nperp was significantly changed after 12 month treatment (p=0.002). Regarding angular measurement, pre and post mean SNMP, FHMP, MMA, Go-OP, SN-OP, Y axis was not significant while mean SN-PP, UI_SN, IMPA was significantly reduced after 12 month treatment. Similarly vertical measurement, pre and post mean LAFH, PFH was not significant while mean UAFH and, TAFH was significantly reduced after 12 months of treatment. Conclusion: Sagittal and vertical skeletal dimension showed no significant change in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with all four first premolar extractions. Some degree of extrusion was noted in all orthodontic patients who have undergone all four first premolar extractions.

scholarly journals To compare post obturation endodontic flare-ups following single and multiple visit root canal treatment.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1516-1520
Author(s):  
Sajjad Ali Darvesh ◽  
Irum Naz ◽  
Abdul Razzaq Ahmed ◽  
Farhan Butt ◽  
Wasey Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Multiple Visit ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: To compare post obturation endodontic flare-ups following single and multiple visit root canal treatment. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Setting Operative dentistry department, DOW university hospital Karachi. Period: 2nd October 2017 to 2nd April 2018. Material & Methods: A total of 100 patients of permanent exposed anterior teeth with positive pup response / vital, either gender were included. Patients divided into two groups according to single and multiple visit root canal treatment. At each post obturation recall visit the patients were interviewed and inspected to determine whether or not there are symptoms. Results: A total of 100 patients came for root canal treatment. At 1st post obturation day, out of 50 patients treated in one visit, four experienced a flare-up (8%). Out of 50 patients treated in two visits, eight experienced a flare-up (16%) (P-value=0.12). At 3rd post obturation day, out of 50 patients treated in one visit, three experienced a flare-up (6%). Out of 50 patients treated in two visits, five experienced a flare-up (10%) (P-value=0.37). Conclusion: We conclude that almost same results for single and multiple visit endodontics were achieved not statistically significant.

Fear and Psychological Reactance

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijiang Shen ◽  
Valerie B. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Psychological reactance and related defensive processes have been long cited as an explanation for failure of fear appeal messages. The overwhelming majority of studies on fear and reactance have only examined the intensity of fear from a between-individuals perspective, in which individuals who have higher peak fear are predicted to experience stronger levels of psychological reactance. Recent development in the fear appeal research suggests an alternative perspective: Psychological reactance is activated when fear is aroused but not reduced within each individual; on the other hand, psychological reactance is mitigated or inhibited when fear is aroused and then reduced. Empirical data from a quasi-experimental study using graphic tobacco warning labels are used to test and compare the two approaches to studying the relationship between fear and psychological reactance. Implications for psychological reactance and fear appeal are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document