scholarly journals Exploring Social Media Group Use Among Breastfeeding Mothers: Qualitative Analysis (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Renee Skelton ◽  
Retta Evans ◽  
Jenna LaChenaye ◽  
Jonathan Amsbary ◽  
Martha Wingate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Media Group

BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is well known as the optimal source of nutrition for the first year of life. However, suboptimal exclusively breastfeeding rates in the United States are still prevalent. Given the extent of social media use and the accessibility of this type of peer-to-peer support, the role of social networking sites in enabling and supporting breastfeeding mothers needs to be further explored. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to leverage mothers’ attitudes and behaviors of social media usage to understand effects on breastfeeding outcomes. METHODS Participants were recruited from 1 probreastfeeding social media group with over 6300 members throughout the United States. Online focus group discussions were conducted with 21 women; interviews were conducted with 12 mothers. Qualitative data were aggregated for thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants indicated that the social media group formed a community of support for breastfeeding, with normalizing breastfeeding, empowerment for breastfeeding, resource for breastfeeding, and shared experiences in breastfeeding as additional themes. CONCLUSIONS According to participants, social media groups can positively influence breastfeeding-related attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors as well as lead to longer duration of breastfeeding. The results of this study should be taken into account when designing interventions for breastfeeding mothers.

COMPLICATIONS OF SMALLPOX VACCINATION UNITED STATES 1963

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-923
Author(s):  
John M. Neff ◽  
Ronald H. Levine ◽  
J. Michael Lane ◽  
Ernest A. Ager ◽  
Helen Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smallpox Vaccination ◽  
First Year ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
More Care ◽  
First Year Of Life

Four thousand nine hundred physicians in four states, representing 4.8% of the population of the United States, were surveyed in order to assess the frequency and types of complications that occurred during 1963 in association with smallpox vaccination. Four hundred ninety-one physicians initially reported observing 810 complications during this year. On follow-up of these cases, many were not actually complications or were complications that occurred in a year other than 1963. Accidental infection was the most common complication. Generalized vaccinia and eczema vaccinatum occurred at a frequency of 238 and 80, respectively, per million primary vaccinations. Severe complications were infrequent. No deaths and only one case each of post-vaccinal encephalitis and vaccinia necrosum were detected. The high frequency of many preventable complications and the disproportionate frequency of complications in infants suggest that morbidity and mortality now associated with smallpox vaccination could be significantly reduced if primary vaccination could be deferred until after the first year of life and if more care were taken to detect individuals in whom complications can be expected to occur.

The Effect of Birth Month on the Risk of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalization in the First Year of Life in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. e135-e140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Calderón Lloyd ◽  
Larissa May ◽  
Daniel Hoffman ◽  
Richard Riegelman ◽  
Lone Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Birth Month ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
First Year Of Life

INFANT MORTALITY RATES FOR THE TOWN OF SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS, IN 1782 AND 1783

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 800-800
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
New England ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
True Index ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Town

The infant mortality rate for a single New England town for the years 1782 and 1783 cannot be used as a true index of this statistic for the 13 states which made up the United States during the 1780's. As we lack data concerning infant mortality for the country as a whole during this period, information about the mortality of infants in the town of Salem, Massachusetts, where all births were recorded, should be of interest to pediatricians. Doctor Edward A. Holyoke of Salem in a letter to Mr. Caleb Garnett, the Recording Secretary of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, gave these figures for the town of Salem: In 1782 there were 311 live-born infants and of these 36 died before they reached their first birthday, for an infant mortality rate of 115. In 1783 of 374 live-born infants, 38 died during their first year of life, for an infant mortality of 102. When one recalls that the rate for 1915 in the United States was 100, the infants, at least in Salem, did not fare too badly.

scholarly journals Using Social Media to Motivate Anti-migration Sentiments. Political Implications in the United States and Beyond

Tripodos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Blanca Nicasio Varea ◽  
Marta Pérez Gabaldón ◽  
Manuel Chavez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
First Year ◽  
Personal Account ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
White House ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
Political Implications

The proliferation of nationalist and nativist movements all over the world has capitalized on the broad impact of social media, especially on Twitter. In the case of the United States, as candidate and then as President, Donald Trump initiated an active use of Twitter to disseminate his views on migration and migrants. This paper analyzes the themes and the political implications of his tweets from Trump’s electoral win to the end of the first year of his presidency. The authors’ assumptions are that Trump’s rhetoric untapped a collective sentiment against migration as well as one which supported views to protect migrant communities. The findings show that some topics were retweeted massively fueling the perceptions that most Americans were against migrant communities and their protectors. We conducted content analysis of the tweets sent by President Trump during his first year in the White House. We used the personal account of Trump in Twitter @realDonaldTrump. Trump has used his personal account as a policy and political media instrument to convey his messages rather than to use the official account that all Presidents have traditionally used @POTUS. Since Trump ran on a nativist platform with strong negative sentiments against migrants and immigration in general, we examined the tweets that relate to these topics.

Immunologic and Virologic Factors Associated with Hospitalization in HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Infants in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiana Smith ◽  
Yanling Huo ◽  
Kunjal Patel ◽  
Kirk Fetters ◽  
Shannon Hegemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
First Year ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Vaccine Antigens ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Exposed Uninfected

Abstract Background HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) infants experience higher rates of morbidity and mortality than HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) infants. Few studies have examined whether particular infections and/or immune responses are associated with hospitalization among HEU infants born in the United States. Methods We evaluated a subset of HEU infants enrolled in the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group P1025 and/or Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities studies. We determined seroconversion to 6 respiratory viruses and measured antibody concentrations to 9 vaccine antigens using quantitative ELISA or electrochemiluminesence. Multivariable modified Poisson regression models were fit to evaluate the associations of seroconversion to each respiratory virus/family and antibody concentrations to vaccine antigens with the risk of hospitalization in the first year of life. Antibody concentrations to vaccine antigens were compared between HEU infants and HUU infants from a single site using multivariable linear regression models. Results Among 556 HEU infants, seroconversion to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza were associated with hospitalization [adjusted risk ratio: 1.95 (95% CI 1.21-3.15); 2.30 (1.42-3.73), respectively]. Antibody concentrations to tetanus toxoid, pertussis, and pneumococcal vaccine antigens were higher among 525 HEU compared with 100 HUU infants. No associations were observed between antibody concentrations to any vaccine and hospitalization among HEU infants. Conclusions RSV and parainfluenza contribute to hospitalization among HEU infants in the first year of life. HEU infants demonstrate robust antibody responses to vaccine antigens; therefore, humoral immune defects likely do not explain the increased susceptibility to infection observed in this population.

Krankheiten Der Neugeborenen (Disease of the Newborn)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 818-818
Author(s):  
KONRAD ULICH
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
First Year ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease ◽  
First Year Of Life

A short compendium for students and physicians interested in the treatment of disease of the newborn period coming from behind the "Iron Curtain." The book shows an extensive knowledge of the "Free-World" medical literature on such subjects as erythroblastosis fetalis, cytomegalic inclusion disease, toxoplasmosis and other diseases of recent interest. A chapter on infant mortality is extensive and shows a similar decline of the death rate over the last decades as in the United States. The over-all mortality during the first year of life per 1,000 live-born in 1954 shows 49.6 deaths/1,000 in East Germany and 42.2 deaths/ 1,000 in West Germany. Infant mortality in the United States amounted to 26.4 deaths/1,000 in 1955.

PREMATURE CERVICAL CHANGE AND THE USE OF CERVICAL CERCLAGE

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANJU CHANDIRAMANI ◽  
ANDREW H SHENNAN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Teaching Assistants ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Cervical Cerclage ◽  
First Year Of Life

Preterm birth and its subsequent consequences continue to be a major challenge worldwide. In the United States in 2004, 12.5% of infants were born preterm, making the annual societal economic burden associated with preterm birth in excess of $26.2 billion (and this is a modest estimate). Spontaneous preterm birth accounts for about 75% of all preterm births; however, at earlier gestations iatrogenic preterm birth accounts for a greater proportion of all preterm births; at 27–28 weeks 50% are iatrogenic. The proportion of babies transferred to the neonatal unit is more than 90% for those born before 33 completed weeks of gestation compared with 31% at 36 weeks; delivery between 33 completed weeks and 36 completed weeks has a relatively low morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, 1 in 3 children born preterm but beyond 32 weeks have educational and behavioural problems at the age of 7, with 1 in 4 children born between 32 and 35 weeks requiring support from non-teaching assistants at school. Although more than 40% of babies at 35 completed weeks show signs of maturity, some still need ventilation at 38 completed weeks. Almost one-fifth of all infants born at less than 32 weeks gestation do not survive the first year of life.

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