scholarly journals The Role of Health Technology and Informatics in a Global Public Health Emergency: Practices and Implications From the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Ye
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
And Control

UNSTRUCTURED At present, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading around the world. It is a critical and important task to take thorough efforts to prevent and control the pandemic. Compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, COVID-19 spreads more rapidly owing to increased globalization, a longer incubation period, and unobvious symptoms. As the coronavirus has the characteristics of strong transmission and weak lethality, and since the large-scale increase of infected people may overwhelm health care systems, efforts are needed to treat critical patients, track and manage the health status of residents, and isolate suspected patients. The application of emerging health technologies and digital practices in health care, such as artificial intelligence, telemedicine or telehealth, mobile health, big data, 5G, and the Internet of Things, have become powerful “weapons” to fight against the pandemic and provide strong support in pandemic prevention and control. Applications and evaluations of all of these technologies, practices, and health delivery services are highlighted in this study.

scholarly journals The Role of Health Technology and Informatics in a Global Public Health Emergency: Practices and Implications From the COVID-19 Pandemic

10.2196/19866 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e19866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Ye
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
And Control

At present, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading around the world. It is a critical and important task to take thorough efforts to prevent and control the pandemic. Compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, COVID-19 spreads more rapidly owing to increased globalization, a longer incubation period, and unobvious symptoms. As the coronavirus has the characteristics of strong transmission and weak lethality, and since the large-scale increase of infected people may overwhelm health care systems, efforts are needed to treat critical patients, track and manage the health status of residents, and isolate suspected patients. The application of emerging health technologies and digital practices in health care, such as artificial intelligence, telemedicine or telehealth, mobile health, big data, 5G, and the Internet of Things, have become powerful “weapons” to fight against the pandemic and provide strong support in pandemic prevention and control. Applications and evaluations of all of these technologies, practices, and health delivery services are highlighted in this study.

scholarly journals Data work: A condition for integrations in health care

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Bjørnstad ◽  
Gunnar Ellingsen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Articulation Work ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Information And Communication

Integration and interoperability between different information and communication technology (ICT) systems are crucial for efficient treatment and care in hospitals. In this article, we are particularly interested in the daily local work conducted by health-care personnel to maintain integrations. A principal aim of our article is, therefore, to contribute to a sociotechnical understanding of the “data work” that is embedded in the integration of health-care systems. Theoretically, we draw on the concepts of “information infrastructures” and “articulation work,” and we discuss how social status may influence the invisible articulation work. Furthermore, we show how historical decisions and existing systems both nationally and regionally have impacts on the daily work of local actors. Empirically, we have studied the formative stages of a large-scale electronic medication management system project in the Northern Norway Regional Health Authority.

scholarly journals Οικονομική αξιολόγηση του ελληνικού συστήματος υγείας

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Νικόλαος Πολύζος ◽  
Στυλιανός Δρακόπουλος
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Main Element ◽  
International Context ◽  
Continuous Evaluation ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Continuous Measures

<p>International analysis of macro-economic<br />indicators is the main element of economic<br />evaluation of health care systems. Health<br />expenditures have continuously increased<br />both in Greece and in the international context,<br />despite the continuous measures and the<br />reforms. Public fi nancing has remained<br />stable, while private fi nancing has gone<br />up. This situation is even worse in Greece,<br />where serious fi nancial inequalities, either<br />regionally, or among various social insurance<br />funds are predominant. Continuous evaluation<br />and control measures, along with a total<br />reconsideration and reform of fi nancing in<br />the health fi eld of our country will provide the<br />much needed solutions.</p>

scholarly journals Development and Implementation of a Person-Centered, Technology-Enhanced Care Model For Managing Chronic Conditions: Cohort Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis L Petersen ◽  
William B Weeks ◽  
Olof Norin ◽  
James N Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Per Capita

BACKGROUND Caring for individuals with chronic conditions is labor intensive, requiring ongoing appointments, treatments, and support. The growing number of individuals with chronic conditions makes this support model unsustainably burdensome on health care systems globally. Mobile health technologies are increasingly being used throughout health care to facilitate communication, track disease, and provide educational support to patients. Such technologies show promise, yet they are not being used to their full extent within US health care systems. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the use of staff and costs of a remote monitoring care model in persons with and without a chronic condition. METHODS At Dartmouth-Hitchcock Health, 2894 employees volunteered to monitor their health, transmit data for analysis, and communicate digitally with a care team. Volunteers received Bluetooth-connected consumer-grade devices that were paired to a mobile phone app that facilitated digital communication with nursing and health behavior change staff. Health data were collected and automatically analyzed, and behavioral support communications were generated based on those analyses. Care support staff were automatically alerted according to purpose-developed algorithms. In a subgroup of participants and matched controls, we used difference-in-difference techniques to examine changes in per capita expenditures. RESULTS Participants averaged 41 years of age; 72.70% (2104/2894) were female and 12.99% (376/2894) had at least one chronic condition. On average each month, participants submitted 23 vital sign measurements, engaged in 1.96 conversations, and received 0.25 automated messages. Persons with chronic conditions accounted for 39.74% (8587/21,607) of all staff conversations, with higher per capita conversation rates for all shifts compared to those without chronic conditions (P<.001). Additionally, persons with chronic conditions engaged nursing staff more than those without chronic conditions (1.40 and 0.19 per capita conversations, respectively, P<.001). When compared to the same period in the prior year, per capita health care expenditures for persons with chronic conditions dropped by 15% (P=.06) more than did those for matched controls. CONCLUSIONS The technology-based chronic condition management care model was frequently used and demonstrated potential for cost savings among participants with chronic conditions. While further studies are necessary, this model appears to be a promising solution to efficiently provide patients with personalized care, when and where they need it.

scholarly journals NGOs, partnerships, and public-private discontent in Nepal’s health care sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agya Mahat ◽  
David Citrin ◽  
Hima Bista
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Nongovernmental Organization ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Public Sector Health ◽  
Blind Spots

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have become increasingly popular models of collaboration in the global health arena to deliver, scale, and evaluate health care services. While many of these initiatives are multicountry, large-scale partnerships, smaller NGOs play increasingly central roles in new forms of privatization. This article draws on our collective experiences working in a PPP between the nongovernmental organization Possible and the Ministry of Health in Nepal to ethnographically examine the fragile and contested nature of these arrangements in the Nepali context, amidst an increasingly privatized health care landscape that is resulting in widespread discontent and distrust throughout the country, as well as financial hardship. We discuss the Possible PPP as one approach that simultaneously seeks to strengthen public-sector health care systems, yet still taps into some of the promises, anxieties, and blind spots – such as the broader social determinants of health – inherent in new forms of public-private global health work.

scholarly journals Harnessing Digital Health Technologies During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Context Matters (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Petracca ◽  
Oriana Ciani ◽  
Maria Cucciniello ◽  
Rosanna Tarricone
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Digital Reconstruction ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Care Systems

UNSTRUCTURED A common development observed during the COVID-19 pandemic is the renewed reliance on digital health technologies. Prior to the pandemic, the uptake of digital health technologies to directly strengthen public health systems had been unsatisfactory; however, a relentless acceleration took place within health care systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, digital health technologies could not be prescinded from the organizational and institutional merits of the systems in which they were introduced. The Italian National Health Service is strongly decentralized, with the national government exercising general stewardship and regions responsible for the delivery of health care services. Together with the substantial lack of digital efforts previously, these institutional characteristics resulted in delays in the uptake of appropriate solutions, territorial differences, and issues in engaging the appropriate health care professionals during the pandemic. An in-depth analysis of the organizational context is instrumental in fully interpreting the contribution of digital health during the pandemic and providing the foundation for the digital reconstruction of what is to come after.

scholarly journals Status Update on Data Required to Build a Learning Health System

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (14) ◽  
pp. 1602-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M. Bertagnolli ◽  
Brian Anderson ◽  
Kelly Norsworthy ◽  
Steven Piantadosi ◽  
Andre Quina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Learning Health System ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Data Elements

Wide adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) has raised the expectation that data obtained during routine clinical care, termed “real-world” data, will be accumulated across health care systems and analyzed on a large scale to produce improvements in patient outcomes and the use of health care resources. To facilitate a learning health system, EHRs must contain clinically meaningful structured data elements that can be readily exchanged, and the data must be of adequate quality to draw valid inferences. At the present time, the majority of EHR content is unstructured and locked into proprietary systems that pose significant challenges to conducting accurate analyses of many clinical outcomes. This article details the current state of data obtained at the point of care and describes the changes necessary to use the EHR to build a learning health system.

scholarly journals The Psychosocial Impact of Compounding Humanitarian Crises Caused by War and COVID-19 Informing Future Disaster Response

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hakob Harutyunyan ◽  
Artak Mukhaelyan ◽  
Attila J. Hertelendy ◽  
Amalia Voskanyan ◽  
Todd Benham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Republic ◽  
1918 Influenza

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the greatest global loss of life and economic impact due to a respiratory virus since the 1918 influenza pandemic. While health care systems around the world faced the enormous challenges of managing COVID-19 patients, health care workers in the Republic of Armenia were further tasked with caring for the surge of casualties from a concurrent, large-scale war. These compounding events put a much greater strain on the health care system, creating a complex humanitarian crisis that resulted in significant psychosocial consequences for health care workers in Armenia.

scholarly journals Diagnostics for COVID-19: A case for field-deployable, rapid molecular tests for community surveillance

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4s) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Michael Frimpong ◽  
Yaw A. Amoako ◽  
Kwadwo B. Anim ◽  
Hubert S. Ahor ◽  
Richmond Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Across the globe, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic is causing distress with governments doing everything in their power to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) to prevent morbidity and mortality. Actions are being implemented to keep health care systems from being overstretched and to curb the outbreak. Any policy responses aimed at slowing down the spread of the virus and mitigating its immediate effects on health care systems require a firm basis of information about the absolute number of currently infected people, growth rates, and locations/hotspots of infections. The only way to obtain this base of information is by conducting numerous tests in a targeted way. Currently, in Ghana, there is a centralized testing approach, that takes 4-5 days for samples to be shipped and tested at central reference laboratories with results communicated to the district, regional and nationalstakeholders. This delay in diagnosis increases the risk of ongoing transmission in communities and vulnerable institutions. We have validated, evaluated and deployed an innovative diagnostic tool on a mobile laboratory platform to accelerate the COVID-19 testing. A preliminary result of 74 samples from COVID-19 suspected cases has a positivity rate of 12% with a turn-around time of fewer than 3 hours from sample taking to reporting of results, significantly reducing the waiting time from days to hours, enabling expedient response by the health system for contact tracing to reduce transmission and additionally improving case management.

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