Immunobiological Markers in Prophylaxis Post-exposure with Single Dose of Rifampicin and BCG Vaccine in Contacts of Multibacillary Leprosy Cases: Study Protocol (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Massae Sato ◽  
Omar Ariel Espinosa Domínguez ◽  
Gutembergue Santos de Sousa ◽  
Fabiane Verônica da Silva ◽  
Roberta Olmo Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

BACKGROUND Leprosy contacts are sensitive indicator of the magnitude of severity, and a high risk for infection and disease, especially if the individuals are exposed to the bacillus with multibacillary cases, which reinforces the need for chemoprophylactic measures, such as the use single-dose rifampicin (SDR) combined with BCG vaccine. OBJECTIVE Our study will analyze the serological response of anti-NDO-LID, HO-1/HMOX and serum IFN-γ concentration as a prophylactic measure after the use of single-dose rifampicin (SDR) combined with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) among multibacillary leprosy household contacts. METHODS Intervention study based on a prospective cohort of household contacts of new cases of multibacillary leprosy diagnosed and registered in the Information System on Diseases of Compulsory Declaration (SINAN – Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação) and residents in the municipalities of Cuiabá and Cáceres, Mato Grosso, in the years 2019 and 2020. Contacts with no signs and symptoms compatible with the disease of the intervention group will receive single-dose rifampicin (SDR) combined with BCG vaccine and will be compared to the control group. The follow-up of the cohort will last 12 months. The analyses of the anti-NDO-LID, HO-1/HMOX and serum concentration of IFN-γ tests as immunological markers before, 6 and 12 months after the intervention will be conducted in a reference laboratory (FIOCRUZ). RESULTS The study is still recruiting participants and is expected to be completed in September 2020. CONCLUSIONS Our study seeks to analyze the response of anti-NDO-LID, HO-1/HMOX tests and serum IFN-γ concentration as a prophylactic measure after the use of single-dose rifampicin (SDR) combined with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) in home contacts of multibacillary leprosy cases. CLINICALTRIAL Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC), RBR-6yg2z9. Retrospectively registered on 3 de Out. de 2019.

scholarly journals Active search for leprosy cases in Midwestern Brazil: a serological evaluation of asymptomatic household contacts before and after prophylaxis with bacillus Calmette-Guérin

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omesina Maroja Limeira ◽  
Ciro Martins Gomes ◽  
Orlando Oliveira de Morais ◽  
Mariana Vicente Cesetti ◽  
Rosicler Rocha Aiza Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Semiquantitative Assessment ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Immune Changes ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy ◽  
Index Cases

Leprosy is a disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that carries a high risk of disability, making early diagnosis mandatory. This study aimed to determine the applicability of anti-PGL-1 IgM antibody detection, using the ML FLOW technique, as an assistant tool for the detection of leprosy infection in asymptomatic household contacts (AHHC) of multibacillary leprosy index cases from Midwest Brazil. Serological changes induced by the prophylaxis of these household contacts with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) were also verified. A total of 91 AHHC were assessed, among which, 18.68% (n = 17) presented both positive bacilloscopy and positive anti-PGL-1 IgM serology. Positivity concordance between these two laboratorial exams (Kappa Index = 1; p < 0.001) was indicated, however, one case did not demonstrate concordance between the semiquantitative assessment of anti-PGL-1 IgM and the bacilloscopy index (Kappa Index = 0.96; p < 0.001). Among the 17 AHHC with positive bacilloscopy, eight were reassessed after prophylaxis with BCG and two of them presented negative anti-PGL-1 IgM serology, being these patients who had presented a bacilloscopy index of < 2[+] in the initial assessment. This study shows that anti-PGL-1 IgM detection may be used as a tool to determine the bacillary load in AHHC and to detect immune changes related to prophylaxis by nonspecific vaccination.

scholarly journals Immunobiological markers in prophylaxis post-exposure with single dose of rifampicin and BCG vaccine in contacts of multibacillary leprosy cases: study protocol. (Preprint)

10.2196/20968 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Massae Sato ◽  
Omar Ariel Espinosa Domínguez ◽  
Fabiane Verônica da Silva ◽  
Gutembergue Santos de Sousa ◽  
Roberta Olmo Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Cases Study ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine for preventing Buruli ulcer

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Phillips ◽  
H Ejere ◽  
C Preston ◽  
Asiamah ◽  
E
Keyword(s):  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin

scholarly journals The double-sided effects of Mycobacterium Bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junli Li ◽  
Lingjun Zhan ◽  
Chuan Qin
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Mycobacterial Diseases ◽  
Protection Mechanisms

AbstractBacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), the only vaccine proven to be effective against tuberculosis (TB), is the most commonly used vaccine globally. In addition to its effects on mycobacterial diseases, an increasing amount of epidemiological and experimental evidence accumulated since its introduction in 1921 has shown that BCG also exerts non-specific effects against a number of diseases, such as non-mycobacterial infections, allergies and certain malignancies. Recent Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has put BCG, a classic vaccine with significant non-specific protection, into the spotlight again. This literature review briefly covers the diverse facets of BCG vaccine, providing new perspectives in terms of specific and non-specific protection mechanisms of this old, multifaceted, and controversial vaccine.

scholarly journals Vaccination Failure in Eradication and Control Programs for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Antos ◽  
Pawel Miroslaw ◽  
Jerzy Rola ◽  
Miroslaw Pawel Polak
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
And Control

Vaccination against bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the key elements to protect cattle herds from this economically important disorder. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus infecting animals at all ages with significant impact on reproductive, digestive, and respiratory systems. Financial burden caused by this pathogen prompts many farmers to introduce vaccination as the control and prophylactic measure especially when persistently infected (PI) individuals, being the main source of the virus in the herd, are removed after test-and-cull approach. The aim of the study was to compare the serological response in cattle herds where new PI calves were identified without prior removal of PI animals or despite their removal and after the introduction of whole herd vaccination against BVDV infection. Overall seroprevalence in 5 vaccinated herds was 91.7 and 83.3% using ELISA and virus neutralization test, respectively. Despite high titers for both vaccine and field strains of BVDV in analyzed herds the analysis of comparative strength of neutralization indicated that 41.4% of positive samples did not have a predominant titer against one specific subtype of BVDV. In 3 herds BVDV-1b subtype was identified while in 2 others it was BVDV-1d, while the vaccine used was based on BVDV-1a which was never identified in Poland so far. To increase the success of the BVDV eradication program, a careful approach is suggested when planning herd vaccination. Comparison of existing field strains and their similarity with vaccine strains at antigenic and genetic levels can be a useful approach to increase the effectiveness of vaccination and efficient protection of fetuses from persistent infection.

scholarly journals Persistent DNA Hyper-methylation Dampens Host Anti-Mycobacterial Immunity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. DiNardo ◽  
Kimal Rajapakshe ◽  
Tomoki Nishiguchi ◽  
Godwin Mtetwa ◽  
Qiniso Dlamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Immune Responsiveness ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Specific Immune Responsiveness

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has co-evolved with humans for millennia and developed multiple mechanisms to evade host immunity. Restoring host immunity in order to shorten existing therapy and improve outcomes will require identifying the full complement by which host immunity is inhibited. Perturbing host DNA methylation is a mechanism induced by chronic infections such as HIV, HPV, LCMV and schistosomiasis to evade host immunity. Here, we evaluated the DNA methylation status of TB patients and their asymptomatic household contacts demonstrating that TB patients have DNA hyper-methylation of the IL-2-STAT5, TNF-NF-ϰB and IFN-γ signaling pathways. By MSRE-qPCR, multiple genes of the IL-12-IFN-γ signaling pathway (IL12B, IL12RB2, TYK2, IFNGR1, JAK1 and JAK2) were hyper-methylated in TB patients. The DNA hyper-methylation of these pathways is associated with decreased immune responsiveness with decreased mitogen induced upregulation of IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6 and IL-1β production. The DNA hyper-methylation of the IL-12-IFN-γ pathway was associated with decreased IFN-γ induced gene expression and decreased IL-12 inducible up-regulation of IFN-γ. This work demonstrates that immune cells from TB patients are characterized by DNA hyper-methylation of genes critical to mycobacterial immunity resulting in decreased mycobacteria-specific and non-specific immune responsiveness.

BCG Vaccine and Isoniazid Prophylaxis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-440
Author(s):  
PHILIP A. BRUNELL
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Isoniazid Prophylaxis

In Reply.— The Committee on Infectious Diseases, after carefully considering the advice of its consultants and reviewing the available data, recommends that isoniazid (INH) should not be used concurrently with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). As indicated in the most recent report of the Committee,1 there is concern about the protection conferred by BCG,2,3 even when it is given without INH. To administer a drug that inhibits the replication of BCG, therefore, appears to be imprudent. That INH inhiits the replication of BCG is generally acknowledged.

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) Vaccine

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Whittaker ◽  
Surinder K. Tamne
Keyword(s):  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin

Inhibition of IFN-γ promotes anti-asthma effect of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin neonatal vaccination: A murine asthma model

Vaccine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (18) ◽  
pp. 2070-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Deng ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Li J. Wang ◽  
Xiao H. Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Asthma Model ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Murine Asthma Model
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