scholarly journals Using Smartphone Sensor Data to Assess Inhibitory Control in the Wild: Longitudinal Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent WS Tseng ◽  
Jean Dos Reis Costa ◽  
Malte F Jung ◽  
Tanzeem Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND Inhibitory control, or inhibition, is one of the core executive functions of humans. It contributes to our attention, performance, and physical and mental well-being. Our inhibitory control is modulated by various factors and therefore fluctuates over time. Being able to continuously and unobtrusively assess our inhibitory control and understand the mediating factors may allow us to design intelligent systems that help manage our inhibitory control and ultimately our well-being. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate whether we can assess individuals’ inhibitory control using an unobtrusive and scalable approach to identify digital markers that are predictive of changes in inhibitory control. METHODS We developed InhibiSense, an app that passively collects the following information: users’ behaviors based on their phone use and sensor data, the ground truths of their inhibition control measured with stop-signal tasks (SSTs) and ecological momentary assessments (EMAs), and heart rate information transmitted from a wearable heart rate monitor (Polar H10). We conducted a 4-week in-the-wild study, where participants were asked to install InhibiSense on their phone and wear a Polar H10. We used generalized estimating equation (GEE) and gradient boosting tree models fitted with features extracted from participants’ phone use and sensor data to predict their stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), an objective metric used to measure an individual’s inhibitory control, and identify the predictive digital markers. RESULTS A total of 12 participants completed the study, and 2189 EMAs and SST responses were collected. The results from the GEE models suggest that the top digital markers positively associated with an individual’s SSRT include phone use burstiness (<i>P</i>=.005), the mean duration between 2 consecutive phone use sessions (<i>P</i>=.02), the change rate of battery level when the phone was not charged (<i>P</i>=.04), and the frequency of incoming calls (<i>P</i>=.03). The top digital markers negatively associated with SSRT include the standard deviation of acceleration (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), the frequency of short phone use sessions (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), the mean duration of incoming calls (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), the mean decibel level of ambient noise (<i>P</i>=.007), and the percentage of time in which the phone was connected to the internet through a mobile network (<i>P</i>=.001). No significant correlation between the participants’ objective and subjective measurement of inhibitory control was found. CONCLUSIONS We identified phone-based digital markers that were predictive of changes in inhibitory control and how they were positively or negatively associated with a person’s inhibitory control. The results of this study corroborate the findings of previous studies, which suggest that inhibitory control can be assessed continuously and unobtrusively in the wild. We discussed some potential applications of the system and how technological interventions can be designed to help manage inhibitory control.

scholarly journals Using Smartphone Sensor Data to Assess Inhibitory Control in the Wild: Longitudinal Study

10.2196/21703 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e21703
Author(s):  
Vincent WS Tseng ◽  
Jean Dos Reis Costa ◽  
Malte F Jung ◽  
Tanzeem Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean

Background Inhibitory control, or inhibition, is one of the core executive functions of humans. It contributes to our attention, performance, and physical and mental well-being. Our inhibitory control is modulated by various factors and therefore fluctuates over time. Being able to continuously and unobtrusively assess our inhibitory control and understand the mediating factors may allow us to design intelligent systems that help manage our inhibitory control and ultimately our well-being. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate whether we can assess individuals’ inhibitory control using an unobtrusive and scalable approach to identify digital markers that are predictive of changes in inhibitory control. Methods We developed InhibiSense, an app that passively collects the following information: users’ behaviors based on their phone use and sensor data, the ground truths of their inhibition control measured with stop-signal tasks (SSTs) and ecological momentary assessments (EMAs), and heart rate information transmitted from a wearable heart rate monitor (Polar H10). We conducted a 4-week in-the-wild study, where participants were asked to install InhibiSense on their phone and wear a Polar H10. We used generalized estimating equation (GEE) and gradient boosting tree models fitted with features extracted from participants’ phone use and sensor data to predict their stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), an objective metric used to measure an individual’s inhibitory control, and identify the predictive digital markers. Results A total of 12 participants completed the study, and 2189 EMAs and SST responses were collected. The results from the GEE models suggest that the top digital markers positively associated with an individual’s SSRT include phone use burstiness (P=.005), the mean duration between 2 consecutive phone use sessions (P=.02), the change rate of battery level when the phone was not charged (P=.04), and the frequency of incoming calls (P=.03). The top digital markers negatively associated with SSRT include the standard deviation of acceleration (P<.001), the frequency of short phone use sessions (P<.001), the mean duration of incoming calls (P<.001), the mean decibel level of ambient noise (P=.007), and the percentage of time in which the phone was connected to the internet through a mobile network (P=.001). No significant correlation between the participants’ objective and subjective measurement of inhibitory control was found. Conclusions We identified phone-based digital markers that were predictive of changes in inhibitory control and how they were positively or negatively associated with a person’s inhibitory control. The results of this study corroborate the findings of previous studies, which suggest that inhibitory control can be assessed continuously and unobtrusively in the wild. We discussed some potential applications of the system and how technological interventions can be designed to help manage inhibitory control.

scholarly journals Comparison of Autonomic Function using Valsalva Ratio, Heart Rate, and Blood Pressure in Meditators and Nonmeditators

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Roopam Bassi ◽  
Kiran   ◽  
Kawalinder Girgla
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction In recent years, the various health benefits of meditation have been acknowledged by the scientific community as well as by the public. Apart from its physiological benefits, it can also improve the psychological and spiritual well-being. A case–control study was planned to investigate the effect of Rajyoga Meditation on cardiovascular autonomic activity in meditators and nonmeditators. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 100 subjects, randomized into two groups: meditators (n = 50; age 35.80 ± 7.69 years) and nonmeditators (n = 50; age 36.76 ± 6.38 years). The meditator group practiced meditation for 30 minutes in the morning as well as in the evening. The control group did not practice any type of meditation or relaxation techniques. The cardiovascular parameters – heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and Valsalva maneuver tests – were performed in both the groups in the same environmental conditions. The data were compiled and analyzed using unpaired t test. Results The mean values of HR in meditators and the control group were 77.08 ± 5.39 and 80.68 ± 5.71 respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean values of SBP in meditators and nonmeditators were 124.60 ± 5.39 and 129.56 ± 4.30 mm Hg respectively, while those for DBP were 77.84 ± 4.65 and 80.80 ± 4.78 mm Hg respectively. The difference in both was statistically significant. In meditators, Valsalva ratio was 1.60 ± 0.20, while in nonmeditators, it was 1.33 ± 0.13, and the difference was highly significant. Conclusion Significant improvement is seen in physiological, cardiac, and parasympathetic parameters in Rajyoga meditators. A shift of the autonomic balance toward the parasympathetic side is seen. By purposefully energizing the parasympathetic system by meditation, we can combat the ill effects of stress and help heal many health conditions. How to cite this article Kiran, Thaman RG, Bassi R, Girgla K. Comparison of Autonomic Function using Valsalva Ratio, Heart Rate, and Blood Pressure in Meditators and Nonmeditators. Curr Trends Diagn Treat 2017;1(1):6-9.

scholarly journals Multimodal Human and Environmental Sensing for Longitudinal Behavioral Studies in Naturalistic Settings: Framework for Sensor Selection, Deployment, and Management (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon M Booth ◽  
Karel Mundnich ◽  
Tiantian Feng ◽  
Amrutha Nadarajan ◽  
Tiago H Falk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sensor Selection ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Natural Settings

BACKGROUND Recent advances in mobile technologies for sensing human biosignals are empowering researchers to collect real-world data outside of the laboratory, in natural settings where participants can perform their daily activities with minimal disruption. These new sensing opportunities usher a host of challenges and constraints for both researchers and participants. OBJECTIVE This viewpoint paper aims to provide a comprehensive guide to aid research teams in the selection and management of sensors before beginning and while conducting human behavior studies in the wild. The guide aims to help researchers achieve satisfactory participant compliance and minimize the number of unexpected procedural outcomes. METHODS This paper presents a collection of challenges, consideration criteria, and potential solutions for enabling researchers to select and manage appropriate sensors for their research studies. It explains a general data collection framework suitable for use with modern consumer sensors, enabling researchers to address many of the described challenges. In addition, it provides a description of the criteria affecting sensor selection, management, and integration that researchers should consider before beginning human behavior studies involving sensors. On the basis of a survey conducted in mid-2018, this paper further illustrates an organized snapshot of consumer-grade human sensing technologies that can be used for human behavior research in natural settings. RESULTS The research team applied the collection of methods and criteria to a case study aimed at predicting the well-being of nurses and other staff in a hospital. Average daily compliance for sensor usage measured by the presence of data exceeding half the total possible hours each day was about 65%, yielding over 355,000 hours of usable sensor data across 212 participants. A total of 6 notable unexpected events occurred during the data collection period, all of which had minimal impact on the research project. CONCLUSIONS The satisfactory compliance rates and minimal impact of unexpected events during the case study suggest that the challenges, criteria, methods, and mitigation strategies presented as a guide for researchers are helpful for sensor selection and management in longitudinal human behavior studies in the wild.

scholarly journals Multimodal Human and Environmental Sensing for Longitudinal Behavioral Studies in Naturalistic Settings: Framework for Sensor Selection, Deployment, and Management

10.2196/12832 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. e12832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon M Booth ◽  
Karel Mundnich ◽  
Tiantian Feng ◽  
Amrutha Nadarajan ◽  
Tiago H Falk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sensor Selection ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Natural Settings

Background Recent advances in mobile technologies for sensing human biosignals are empowering researchers to collect real-world data outside of the laboratory, in natural settings where participants can perform their daily activities with minimal disruption. These new sensing opportunities usher a host of challenges and constraints for both researchers and participants. Objective This viewpoint paper aims to provide a comprehensive guide to aid research teams in the selection and management of sensors before beginning and while conducting human behavior studies in the wild. The guide aims to help researchers achieve satisfactory participant compliance and minimize the number of unexpected procedural outcomes. Methods This paper presents a collection of challenges, consideration criteria, and potential solutions for enabling researchers to select and manage appropriate sensors for their research studies. It explains a general data collection framework suitable for use with modern consumer sensors, enabling researchers to address many of the described challenges. In addition, it provides a description of the criteria affecting sensor selection, management, and integration that researchers should consider before beginning human behavior studies involving sensors. On the basis of a survey conducted in mid-2018, this paper further illustrates an organized snapshot of consumer-grade human sensing technologies that can be used for human behavior research in natural settings. Results The research team applied the collection of methods and criteria to a case study aimed at predicting the well-being of nurses and other staff in a hospital. Average daily compliance for sensor usage measured by the presence of data exceeding half the total possible hours each day was about 65%, yielding over 355,000 hours of usable sensor data across 212 participants. A total of 6 notable unexpected events occurred during the data collection period, all of which had minimal impact on the research project. Conclusions The satisfactory compliance rates and minimal impact of unexpected events during the case study suggest that the challenges, criteria, methods, and mitigation strategies presented as a guide for researchers are helpful for sensor selection and management in longitudinal human behavior studies in the wild.

Smartphone tilt as a measure of well-being? Evidence from two experience sampling studies (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Kuhlmann ◽  
Ulf-Dietrich Reips
Keyword(s):  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Sampling Studies ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Smartphone Sensor

BACKGROUND Smartphone usage is increasing around the globe. Smartphones offer considerable opportunities to researchers implementing experience sampling designs. Besides convenient gathering of self-report data, the availability of objective sensor data promises advantages for data collection. OBJECTIVE Previous research has shown the relation between body posture and well-being as well as an association between smartphone sensor data and posture. We investigated the association of the smartphone’s objective tilt measure with self-reported well-being in the field. METHODS Two experience sampling studies with 98 and 261 participants were conducted. They included self-reported measures of well-being and objective sensor gathered at the same points in time. The sample included Android and iOS smartphones. RESULTS Results of Study 1 show a within-person association between deviation from the usual tilt and well-being, t(3392)=-3.9, p<.001, d=.13. In Study 2 this association was only shown for Android users, t(3389)=-2.20, p=.03, d=.08, but not for iOS users. Comparison of the groups did reveal differences in the distribution of the sensor measured tilt. CONCLUSIONS An association between subjective well-being and smartphone sensor data was shown, but not consistently across devices and studies. Possible explanations for the differing results by smartphone platform include heterogeneity of the hardware implemented and differences in the software sensor values. Advice on precautions to consider when implementing app studies on differing devices and platforms in the wild are given. Implications for future studies, including objective validation of sensor data, are also discussed.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO ULTRA-SONOGRÁFICA DO FETO E DO MEIO INTRA-UTERINO DURANTE O ÚLTIMO MÊS DE GESTAÇÃO EM ÉGUAS PURO SANGUE INGLÊS (PSI)

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. TULLIO ◽  
L.E. KOZICKI ◽  
A.W.C. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Aortic Diameter ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fetal Activity ◽  
The Mean

Com o objetivo de avaliar o diâmetro da aorta fetal, freqüência cardíaca fetal, atividade fetal, ecogenicidade dos líquidos alantóide amniótico e espessura da unidade feto-placentária, trinta e oito éguas Puro-Sangue Inglês (PSI) com gestações saudáveis foram examinadas por ultra-sonografia. O valor médio da freqüência cardíaca fetal variou de 73,05 ± 2,99 bat/min aos 300-330 dias de gestação para 70,05 ± 1,88 bat/min a partir de 330 dias de gestação. O valor médio do diâmetro da aorta fetal foi 23,69 ± 1,66 mm e a média da atividade fetal foi 2,03 ± 0,19. A espessura da unidade feto-placentária apresentou valores médios de 8,70 ± 0,92 mm para 300-330 dias, e 9,57 ± 0,49 mm para 330 dias até o parto. O valor médio para a ecogenicidade do líquido amniótico foi 1,96 ± 0,27, e para o líquido alantóide foi 1 ± 0. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetus and intrauterine environment in the last month of pregnancy in thoroughbred mares Abstract Thirty eight thoroughbred mares with normal pregnancies were subjected to transabdominal and transrectal sonography from 300 days of gestation up to the term in order to evaluated fetals aortic diameter, heart rate and activity, as well as the amniotic and allantoic fluids ecogenicity and the thickness of the uterus and placenta unit. The mean fetal heart rate values varied from 73,05 ± 2,99 beats/minute at 300-330 days of pregnancy to 70,05 ± 1,88 beats/minute from 330 days of pregnancy up to the term. The mean value for fetal aortic diameter was 23,69 ± 1,66 mm and for fetal activity was 2,03 ± 0,19. The uterus and placenta thickness displayed mean values of 8,70 ± 0,92 mm and 9,57 ± 0,49 mm at 300-330 days of pregnancy mm and at 330 days of pregnancy up to the term, respectively. The mean values for amniotic fluid ecogenicity and for allantoic fluid were found to be 1,96 ± 0,27 and 1,0, respectively. These evaluations can be used as normal values in order to evaluate fetal well-being.

The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽  
Susanne Wiesch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Being There ◽  
To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

Psychophysiological Responses of Pilots in Hypoxia Training at 7000 and 7500 m

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 785-789
Author(s):  
Dongqing Wen ◽  
Lei Tu ◽  
Guiyou Wang ◽  
Zhao Gu ◽  
Weiru Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Psychomotor Performance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Awareness Training ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Training Protocol

INTRODUCTION: We compared the physiological responses, psychomotor performances, and hypoxia symptoms between 7000 m and 7500 m (23,000 and 24,600 ft) exposure to develop a safer hypoxia training protocol.METHODS: In altitude chamber, 66 male pilots were exposed to 7000 and 7500 m. Heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation were continuously monitored. Psychomotor performance was assessed using the computational task. The hypoxic symptoms were investigated by a questionnaire.RESULTS: The mean duration time of hypoxia was 323.0 56.5 s at 7000 m and 218.2 63.3 s at 7500 m. The 6-min hypoxia training was completed by 57.6% of the pilots and 6.1% of the pilots at 7000 m and at 7500 m, respectively. There were no significant differences in pilots heart rates and psychomotor performance between the two exposures. The Spo2 response at 7500 m was slightly severer than that at 7000 m. During the 7000 m exposure, pilots experienced almost the same symptoms and similar frequency order as those during the 7500 m exposure.CONCLUSIONS: There were concordant symptoms, psychomotor performance, and very similar physiological responses between 7000 m and 7500 m during hypoxia training. The results indicated that 7000-m hypoxia awareness training might be an alternative to 7500-m hypoxia training with lower DCS risk and longer experience time.Wen D, Tu L, Wang G, Gu Z, Shi W, Liu X. Psychophysiological responses of pilots in hypoxia training at 7000 and 7500 m. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(10):785789.

Evaluation of Normal Heart Rate in Early Pregnancy Corresponding to Gestational Age between Six to Eight Weeks

Med Phoenix ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Bikranta Rimal ◽  
Tarannum Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Heart ◽  
Normal Heart Rate ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Background: Ultrasonography is the reliable and safe way for the evaluation of pregnancy. Heart rate can be detected more confidently from the Ultrasonography. Heart rate is an important parameter for the evaluation of early pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the normal heart rate in embryos/fetuses between 6 and 8 weeks of gestation.Method: In our region people are poor and most of them do not know the benefit of regular follow up examination during pregnancy. So most of pregnant women come to our centre at late stage of pregnancy. The number of pregnancy cases is good in our centre but the number of early pregnancy cases coming to regular follow up examination is low. Thus the study was conducted in 51 normal singleton pregnancies undergoing routine ultrasound examination during the first trimester of pregnancy. The duration of study was 6 weeks.Result: Out of 51 singleton pregnancies, 20 cases (39.2%) heart rate were between 131-150 beat per minute and 25 cases (49.0 %) heart rate were between 151-170 beat per minute. However 4 cases (7.8%) were between 110-120 beat per minute and 2 cases (3.9%) were more than 171 beat per minute. There were zero cases above the 180 beat per minute.Conclusion: The result of this study will help to evaluate abnormal and normal fetal heart rate so that early clinical decision whether to continue the pregnancy or terminate it can be taken, as Ultrasonography is only the method used in screening fetal well being in most of the region of our country.Med Phoenix Vol.2(1) July 2017, 34-37

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