scholarly journals Using Telerehabilitation to Deliver a Home Exercise Program to Youth With Arthrogryposis: Single Cohort Pilot Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Gagnon ◽  
Gabriela Marino Merlo ◽  
Rita Yap ◽  
Jessica Collins ◽  
Caroline Elfassy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Home Exercise Program ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

BACKGROUND Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is characterized by joint contractures and muscle weakness, which limit daily activities. Youths with AMC require frequent physical therapeutic follow-ups to limit the recurrence of contractures and maintain range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength; however, access to specialized care may be limited because of geographical distance. Telerehabilitation can offer a potential solution for delivering frequent follow-ups for youth with AMC, but research on the use of telerehabilitation in children with musculoskeletal disorders is scarce. OBJECTIVE The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of delivering a home exercise program (HEP) by using telerehabilitation for youth with AMC. We also aim to explore the effectiveness of the HEP as a secondary aim. METHODS Youths aged between 8 and 21 years with AMC were recruited at the Shriners Hospitals for Children–Canada. The participants completed baseline and post-HEP questionnaires (the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, Pediatrics Outcomes Data Collection Instrument, and Adolescent and Pediatric Pain Tool), and clinicians assessed their active ROM using a virtual goniometer. Clinicians used the Goal Attainment Scale with the participants to identify individualized goals to develop a 12-week HEP and assess the achievement of these goals. Follow-ups were conducted every 3 weeks to adjust the HEP. Data on withdrawal rates and compliance to the HEP and follow-ups were collected to assess the feasibility of this approach. The interrater reliability of using a virtual goniometer was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient and associated 95% CI. Nonparametric tests were used to evaluate feasibility and explore the effectiveness of the HEP. RESULTS Of the 11 youths who were recruited, 7 (median age: 16.9 years) completed the HEP. Of the 47 appointments scheduled, 5 had to be rescheduled in ≤24 hours. The participants performed their HEP 2.04 times per week (95% CI 1.25-4.08) and reported good satisfaction with the approach. A general intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.985 (95% CI 0.980-0.989) was found for the web-based ROM measurement. Individualized goals were related to pain management; endurance in writing, standing, or walking; sports; and daily activities. In total, 12 of the 15 goals set with the participants were achieved. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the pain and comfort domain of the Pediatrics Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (preintervention: median 71; 95% CI 34-100; postintervention: median 85; 95% CI 49-100; <i>P</i>=.08) and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (preintervention: median 1.62; 95% CI 1.00-2.82; postintervention: median 2.32; 95% CI 1.00-3.45; <i>P</i>=.046). CONCLUSIONS The remote delivery of an HEP for youth with AMC is feasible. Promising results were found for the effectiveness of the HEP in helping youths with AMC to achieve their goals. The next step will be to assess the effectiveness of this exercise intervention in a randomized controlled trial. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/18688

scholarly journals Using Telerehabilitation to Deliver a Home Exercise Program to Youth With Arthrogryposis: Single Cohort Pilot Study

10.2196/27064 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. e27064
Author(s):  
Marianne Gagnon ◽  
Gabriela Marino Merlo ◽  
Rita Yap ◽  
Jessica Collins ◽  
Caroline Elfassy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Home Exercise Program ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Background Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is characterized by joint contractures and muscle weakness, which limit daily activities. Youths with AMC require frequent physical therapeutic follow-ups to limit the recurrence of contractures and maintain range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength; however, access to specialized care may be limited because of geographical distance. Telerehabilitation can offer a potential solution for delivering frequent follow-ups for youth with AMC, but research on the use of telerehabilitation in children with musculoskeletal disorders is scarce. Objective The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of delivering a home exercise program (HEP) by using telerehabilitation for youth with AMC. We also aim to explore the effectiveness of the HEP as a secondary aim. Methods Youths aged between 8 and 21 years with AMC were recruited at the Shriners Hospitals for Children–Canada. The participants completed baseline and post-HEP questionnaires (the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, Pediatrics Outcomes Data Collection Instrument, and Adolescent and Pediatric Pain Tool), and clinicians assessed their active ROM using a virtual goniometer. Clinicians used the Goal Attainment Scale with the participants to identify individualized goals to develop a 12-week HEP and assess the achievement of these goals. Follow-ups were conducted every 3 weeks to adjust the HEP. Data on withdrawal rates and compliance to the HEP and follow-ups were collected to assess the feasibility of this approach. The interrater reliability of using a virtual goniometer was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient and associated 95% CI. Nonparametric tests were used to evaluate feasibility and explore the effectiveness of the HEP. Results Of the 11 youths who were recruited, 7 (median age: 16.9 years) completed the HEP. Of the 47 appointments scheduled, 5 had to be rescheduled in ≤24 hours. The participants performed their HEP 2.04 times per week (95% CI 1.25-4.08) and reported good satisfaction with the approach. A general intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.985 (95% CI 0.980-0.989) was found for the web-based ROM measurement. Individualized goals were related to pain management; endurance in writing, standing, or walking; sports; and daily activities. In total, 12 of the 15 goals set with the participants were achieved. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the pain and comfort domain of the Pediatrics Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (preintervention: median 71; 95% CI 34-100; postintervention: median 85; 95% CI 49-100; P=.08) and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (preintervention: median 1.62; 95% CI 1.00-2.82; postintervention: median 2.32; 95% CI 1.00-3.45; P=.046). Conclusions The remote delivery of an HEP for youth with AMC is feasible. Promising results were found for the effectiveness of the HEP in helping youths with AMC to achieve their goals. The next step will be to assess the effectiveness of this exercise intervention in a randomized controlled trial. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/18688

scholarly journals A Telerehabilitation Intervention for Youths With Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita: Protocol for a Pilot Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Gagnon ◽  
Jessica Collins ◽  
Caroline Elfassy ◽  
Gabriela Marino Merlo ◽  
Jacquelyn Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita ◽  
Home Exercise Program

BACKGROUND Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is characterized by joint contractures present in at least two body areas. In addition to these contractures, individuals with AMC can have decreased muscle mass, leading to limitations in activities of daily living. Exercise has the potential to maintain or improve the range of motion and muscle strength. However, this type of intervention necessitates frequent follow ups that are currently difficult to provide for youths with AMC because they often live far from a specialized hospital. To overcome this distance challenge, telecommunication technologies can be used to deliver rehabilitation remotely, which is called telerehabilitation. The study protocol for one such type of rehabilitation will be presented in this paper. OBJECTIVE This pilot study aims to (1) evaluate the feasibility of using telerehabilitation to provide a home exercise program for youths with AMC, and (2) assess the effectiveness of a home exercise program. METHODS A total of 10 youths aged 8-21 years with AMC will be recruited. The intervention consists of a 12-week individualized home-based exercise program delivered remotely using telerehabilitation. At baseline, youths will complete the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and the Pediatrics Outcomes Data Collection Instrument to assess pain, function, and level of physical activity. During the first telerehabilitation meeting, the rehabilitation therapists will measure range of motion using a virtual goniometer and assess the youth’s functional level. The therapists will then use the Goal Attainment Scale to set objectives and develop the individualized intervention. Follow ups will occur every 3 weeks to make sure exercises are performed safely and to progress the exercises when needed. At the end of the 12-week intervention, rehabilitation therapists will re-evaluate the youth using the same outcome measures as the initial evaluation. The youths will be asked to complete the same questionnaires, with the addition of questions about their satisfaction regarding the intervention. Nonparametric and descriptive statistics will be used to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness. RESULTS Ethics approval was obtained in October 2018. Recruitment and data collection started in January 2019 and was completed in May 2020. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study will help us learn how a large-scale project may work in practice to improve outcomes in physical activity, pain, and function, and goal attainment among youths with AMC, thus informing a future clinical trial. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/18688

scholarly journals A Telerehabilitation Intervention for Youths With Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita: Protocol for a Pilot Study

10.2196/18688 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e18688
Author(s):  
Marianne Gagnon ◽  
Jessica Collins ◽  
Caroline Elfassy ◽  
Gabriela Marino Merlo ◽  
Jacquelyn Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita ◽  
Home Exercise Program

Background Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is characterized by joint contractures present in at least two body areas. In addition to these contractures, individuals with AMC can have decreased muscle mass, leading to limitations in activities of daily living. Exercise has the potential to maintain or improve the range of motion and muscle strength. However, this type of intervention necessitates frequent follow ups that are currently difficult to provide for youths with AMC because they often live far from a specialized hospital. To overcome this distance challenge, telecommunication technologies can be used to deliver rehabilitation remotely, which is called telerehabilitation. The study protocol for one such type of rehabilitation will be presented in this paper. Objective This pilot study aims to (1) evaluate the feasibility of using telerehabilitation to provide a home exercise program for youths with AMC, and (2) assess the effectiveness of a home exercise program. Methods A total of 10 youths aged 8-21 years with AMC will be recruited. The intervention consists of a 12-week individualized home-based exercise program delivered remotely using telerehabilitation. At baseline, youths will complete the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and the Pediatrics Outcomes Data Collection Instrument to assess pain, function, and level of physical activity. During the first telerehabilitation meeting, the rehabilitation therapists will measure range of motion using a virtual goniometer and assess the youth’s functional level. The therapists will then use the Goal Attainment Scale to set objectives and develop the individualized intervention. Follow ups will occur every 3 weeks to make sure exercises are performed safely and to progress the exercises when needed. At the end of the 12-week intervention, rehabilitation therapists will re-evaluate the youth using the same outcome measures as the initial evaluation. The youths will be asked to complete the same questionnaires, with the addition of questions about their satisfaction regarding the intervention. Nonparametric and descriptive statistics will be used to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness. Results Ethics approval was obtained in October 2018. Recruitment and data collection started in January 2019 and was completed in May 2020. Conclusions This pilot study will help us learn how a large-scale project may work in practice to improve outcomes in physical activity, pain, and function, and goal attainment among youths with AMC, thus informing a future clinical trial. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18688

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of the ONAPS Physical Activity Questionnaire in Assessing Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in French Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5643
Author(s):  
Marc Charles ◽  
David Thivel ◽  
Julien Verney ◽  
Laurie Isacco ◽  
Pauliina Husu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

This study was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of a new questionnaire, the ONAPS-PAQ, developed to assess physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) in the general population. A total of 137 healthy adults aged 18 to 69 years were included. Following completion of two physical activity questionnaires (ONAPS-PAQ and GPAQ, the Global physical activity questionnaire) to study concurrent validity, participants wore an accelerometer (UKK-RM42) for 7 days to study criterion validity. A subsample (n = 36) also completed a 7-day-interval test–retest protocol to assess its reliability. Reliability was tested by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Kappa coefficient; concurrent and criterion validity by the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ) and Bland-Altman plot analyses. The ONAPS-PAQ showed good reliability (ICC = 0.71–0.98; Kappa = 0.61–0.99) and concurrent validity (ρ = 0.56–0.86), but only poor criterion validity (ρ = 0.26–0.41), and wide limits of agreement. Self-reported and accelerometer-measured SB were better correlated with ONAPS-PAQ than GPAQ (0.41 vs. 0.26, respectively) and medians were comparable, whereas the GPAQ underestimated SB (SBacc = 481 (432–566), SBONAPS = 480 (360–652), SBGPAQ = 360 (240–540) min·day−1; median (q1-q3)). The ONAPS-PAQ provides good reliability and acceptable validity for the measurement of PA and SB and seems to provide a better assessment of SB than GPAQ.

scholarly journals Adaptation and reproducibility of a questionnaire to evaluate physical activity among the Comcáac (Seri) community of Sonora, Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Lavandera-Torres ◽  
Julián Esparza-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Occupational Activities ◽  
Spearman Coefficient ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) is the most widely used method for evaluation of physical activity (PA). The aim of this study was to adapt and evaluate reproducibility of a PAQ in Comcáac community of Sonora, Mexico. Adaptation of PAQ was conducted through interviews with key residents. Reproducibility was evaluated applying PAQ twice to 26 persons within 20 or more years old, using Spearman coefficient ρ and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). High correlations (p < 0.05) were found in total previous-year and previous-week recreational activities (ρ= 0.82 and ρ= 0.76, respectively). Correlations were equally high for occupational activities group related to craftwork manufacture (ρ= 0.96 and ρ= 0.74) and fishery activities (ρ= 0.93 and ρ= 0.78) for previous-year and previous-week, respectively. Adapted PAQ could be a useful tool to evaluate PA pattern in community and can be used in future research on association between PA, obesity and diabetes. 

scholarly journals Adherence to Self-managed Exercises for Patients with Persistent Subacromial Pain: The Ad-Shoulder Feasibility Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Major ◽  
Margreth Grotle ◽  
Chris Littlewood ◽  
Jens Ivar Brox ◽  
Dagfinn Matre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Home Exercise Program ◽  
Activity Measures

Abstract Background: Exercise is recommended for patients with subacromial pain. It has been suggested that good exercise adherence improves clinical outcomes. Despite this, little attention has been paid to the need for behavioural frameworks to enhance adherence to home exercise programs for patients with subacromial pain.Methods: A feasibility study with pre-post design was used. Participants aged > 18 years, with subacromial pain, who had received conservative treatment during the past six months, were recruited. The Ad-Shoulder intervention consisted of 1-5 individual sessions provided over 3 months and was based on 5 self-management skills, which aimed to enhance the patients’ self-efficacy and adherence to self-managed exercises. The primary objectives were assessed according to predefined progression criteria: 1) The recruitment rate (10 patients enrolled within 12 weeks); 2) Follow-up rate (≥80% on all self-reported measures); 3) Objective physical activity measures (≥80% of participants would contribute valid data at each time point), 4) Adherence with the self-managed exercises (≥80% of the participants would adhere to ≥80% of the assigned home exercise program); 5) Fidelity of the delivery of the intervention (The therapists delivered the intervention according to the protocol); 6) Adverse events (<30% would report adverse events (including mild)). The results were reported using descriptive statistics.Results: Eleven patients were recruited during 16 weeks. Ten patients completed the self-reported measures at baseline and Week 12. Objective physical activity measures were successfully obtained for 100% at baseline, 64% at week six and 82% at week 12. 55% of the participants satisfactorily completed at least 80% of their home exercise program. All sessions were delivered according to the protocol. None of the patients reported any adverse events. Conclusions: Objective physical activity data measures at baseline and week 12, follow-up, the physiotherapists’ fidelity to the intervention and adverse events met our pre-specified progression criteria. Recruitment and adherence to the self-managed exercise program were both below the anticipated level. Further intervention development is necessary to understand whether adherence to the self-managed exercises could be enhanced and additional methods of recruitment would need to be considered, including additional recruitment sites, in any planning for a future main trial.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04190836, Registered December 9, 2019 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04190836

scholarly journals Inter-rater reliability of measures to characterize the tobacco retail environment in Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa G Hall ◽  
Christy Kollath-Cattano ◽  
Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu ◽  
James F Thrasher
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Price Promotions ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Cigarette Pack ◽  
Data Collection Instrument

Objective. To evaluate the inter-rater reliability of a data collection instrument to assess the tobacco retail environ- ment in Mexico, after major marketing regulations were implemented. Materials and methods. In 2013, two data collectors independently evaluated 21 stores in two census tracts, through a data collection instrument that assessed the presence of price promotions, whether single cigarettes were sold, the number of visible advertisements, the pre- sence of signage prohibiting the sale of cigarettes to minors, and characteristics of cigarette pack displays. We evaluated the inter-rater reliability of the collected data, through the calculation of metrics such as intraclass correlation coefficient, percent agreement, Cohen’s kappa and Krippendorff’s alpha. Results. Most measures demonstrated substantial or perfect inter-rater reliability. Conclusions. Our results indicate the potential utility of the data collection instrument for future point-of-sale research.

The Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Kaiser Physical Activity Survey for Pregnant Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 962-967
Author(s):  
Esra Uzelpasaci ◽  
Türkan Akbayrak ◽  
Serap Özgül ◽  
Ceren Orhan ◽  
Emine Baran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Activity Survey ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Background: Evaluation of physical activity by condition-specific surveys provides more accurate results than generic physical activity questionnaires. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (KPAS) in Turkish pregnant women. Methods: In the translation and cultural adaptation of the KPAS, the 6-phase guidelines recommended in the literature were followed. The study included a total of 151 pregnant women who were assessed using the Turkish version of KPAS, the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the SenseWear Pro3 Armband. To determine the test–retest reliability, the KPAS was reapplied after 7 days. The psychometric properties of KPAS were analyzed with respect to internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and concurrent validity. Results: Cronbach α coefficient indicating the internal consistency of the Turkish KPAS was found to be .60 to .80, showing moderate reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient for test–retest reliability was very strong (intraclass correlation coefficient: .96–.98). The total KPAS scores were found to be moderately correlated with the total Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire score and the total energy expenditure value on the SenseWear Pro3 Armband. Conclusions: This study showed that KPAS is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating physical activity in Turkish pregnant women in different aspects.

scholarly journals Effect of Motivation by “Instagram” on Adherence to Physical Activity among Female College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einas Al-Eisa ◽  
Asma Al-Rushud ◽  
Ahmad Alghadir ◽  
Shahnawaz Anwer ◽  
Bashayer Al-Harbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Home Exercise Program ◽  
Female College ◽  
Activity Program

Objective.To investigate the efficacy of using “Instagram application” with a “home-exercise program” as a motivational stimulus in improving physical activity (PA) adherence levels among female college students.Methods.Fifty-eight female undergraduate students with the mean age20.3±0.96years participated. Participants were divided into two groups: intervention and the control group; both the groups received an exercise program and the intervention group was additionally motivated by “Instagram.” Adherence to PA was measured by using an adherence sheet. The Exercise Motivation Inventory (EMI-2) was used to assess the motivational factors.Results.The most frequent motivational factors were extrinsic as assessed using the EMI-2. “Positive health” was the most frequent factor mentioned of the two types with 47% of the sample. The intervention group adhered with 17% more to the activity program compared to the control group. Moreover, 72% of the participants in the intervention and control groups found the activity program flexible enough to be performed at home; they agreed about its effectiveness on adherence (53%).Conclusions.The use of Instagram with the home exercise program as a motivational modality could be attractive and effective to reinforce adherence and maintain an appropriate PA level.

scholarly journals Translation of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to Maltese and Reliability Testing

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Karl Spiteri ◽  
Kate Grafton ◽  
John Xerri de Caro ◽  
David Broom
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Concordance Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Concordance Correlation ◽  
English Version ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is a widely used self-reported physical activity (PA) measure developed to allow for international cross-country comparisons. Due to its unavailability, the aim of this study was to translate the IPAQ-long to Maltese and undertake reliability testing. The IPAQ-long English version was translated into Maltese following the IPAQ guidelines, which included backwards translation. Maltese-speaking participants, aged between 18 and 69 years, were recruited through convenience sampling (n = 170). Participants completed the IPAQ-long twice within an 8- to 48-hr period. PA was calculated in MET minutes per week, and reliability was calculated using the Spearman correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient, concordance correlation coefficient, and Bland–Altman plots. A total of 155 participants completed the questionnaire at two time points. Spearman correlation was .83 (.76–.88) for total PA and .84 (.77–.89) for total sitting time. The intraclass correlation coefficient was .83 (.76–.88) and the concordance correlation coefficient was .75–.87 for total PA. The lowest reliability was for total transport, with a concordance correlation coefficient of .21−.45. Bland–Altman plots highlight that 95% of the differences fell within 2 SDs from the mean. Since the Maltese IPAQ-long has similar reliability to the English version, the authors recommend that health care professionals and PA practitioners use this tool when examining population-level PA among Maltese-speaking individuals.

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