Diagnostic Accuracy of an At-Home, Rapid Self-Test for Influenza (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Geyer ◽  
Jack Henry Kotnik ◽  
Victoria Lyon ◽  
Elisabeth Brandstetter ◽  
Monica Zigman Suchsland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Rnase P ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Self Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for influenza used by individuals at home could potentially expand access to testing and reduce the impact of influenza on health systems. Improving access to testing could lead to earlier diagnosis following symptom onset, allowing more rapid interventions on those who test positive, including behavioral changes to minimize spread. However, the accuracy of RDTs for influenza has not been determined among self-testing populations. OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of an influenza RDT conducted at home by lay users with acute respiratory illness (ARI), compared to a self-collected sample conducted by the same individual mailed to a laboratory for reference testing. METHODS A comparative accuracy study of an at-home influenza RDT (Ellume, Brisbane, Qld, Australia) in a convenience sample of individuals experiencing ARI symptoms. Participants were enrolled in February and March 2020, from the greater Seattle region, Washington, USA. Participants were mailed the influenza RDT and reference sample collection materials, which they completed and returned for RT-qPCR influenza testing in a central laboratory. We explored the impact of age, influenza type, duration, and severity of symptoms on RDT accuracy, viral CT (cycle threshold), and a marker of human DNA (RNase P). RESULTS 605 participants completed all study steps and were included in our analysis, of whom 87 (14.4%) tested positive for influenza by RT-qPCR (70 influenza A, 17 influenza B). The overall sensitivity and specificity of the RDT compared to the reference test were 61% (95%CI 50-71) and 95% (95%CI 93-97), respectively. Among individuals with symptom onset ≤72 hours, sensitivity was 63% (95%CI 48-76) and specificity was 94% (95% CI 91-97), while for those with duration > 72 hours, sensitivity and specificity were 58% (95%CI 41-74) and 96% (95%CI 93-98), respectively. Viral load on reference swabs was negatively correlated with symptom onset, while quantities of the endogenous marker gene RNase P did not differ between PCR positive/negative groups, age groups, or influenza subtypes. The RDT did not have higher sensitivity or specificity among those who reported more severe illness. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity and specificity of the self-test was comparable to that of influenza RDTs used in clinical settings. False negative self-test results were more common when the test was used after 72 hours of symptom onset, but were not related to inadequate swab collection, or severity of illness. Deployment of home tests may provide a valuable tool to support management of influenza and other respiratory infections.

scholarly journals The situation of elderly with cognitive impairment living at home during lockdown in the Corona-pandemic in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen René Thyrian ◽  
Friederike Kracht ◽  
Angela Nikelski ◽  
Melanie Boekholt ◽  
Fanny Schumacher-Schönert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Health Care Provision ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Personal Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: The outbreak of the Corona virus is a challenge for health care systems worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyze a) knowledge about, and feelings related to the Corona-pandemic. Describe b) loneliness, depression and anxiety and, c) the perceived, immediate impact of the lockdown on frequency of social contacts and quality of health care provision of people with cognitive impairment during social distancing and lockdown in the primary care system and living at home in Germany. Methods: This analysis is based on data of a telephone-based assessment in a convenience sample of n=141 people with known cognitive impairment in the primary care setting. Data on e.g. cognitive and psychological status prior to the pandemic was available. Attitudes, knowledge about and perceived personal impact of the pandemic, social support, loneliness, anxiety, depression, change in the frequency of social activities due to the pandemic and perceived impact of the pandemic on health care related services were assessed during the time of lockdown. Results: The vast majority of participants are sufficiently informed about Corona (85%) and most think that the measures taken are appropriate (64%). A total of 11% shows one main symptom of a depression according to DSM-5. The frequency of depressive symptoms has not increased between the time before pandemic and lockdown in almost all participants. The sample shows minimal (65.0%) or low symptoms of anxiety (25%). The prevalence of loneliness is 10%. On average seven activities have decreased in frequency due to the pandemic. Social activities related to meeting people, dancing or visiting birthdays have decreased significantly. Talking with friends by phone and activities like gardening have increased. Utilization of health care services like day clinics, relief services and prescribed therapies have been reported to have worsened due to the pandemic. Visits to general practitioners decreased. Conclusions: The study shows a small impact of the pandemic on psychological variables like depression, anxiety and loneliness in the short-term in Germany. There is a decrease in social activities as expected. The impact on health care provision is prominent. There is a need for qualitative, in-depth studies to further interpret the results.

scholarly journals The situation of elderly with cognitive impairment living at home during lockdown in the Corona-pandemic in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen René Thyrian ◽  
Friederike Kracht ◽  
Angela Nikelski ◽  
Melanie Boekholt ◽  
Fanny Schumacher-Schönert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Health Care Provision ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Personal Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background The outbreak of the Corona virus is a challenge for health care systems worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyze a) knowledge about, and feelings related to the Corona-pandemic. Describe b) loneliness, depression and anxiety and, c) the perceived, immediate impact of the lockdown on frequency of social contacts and quality of health care provision of people with cognitive impairment during social distancing and lockdown in the primary care system and living at home in Germany. Methods This analysis is based on data of a telephone-based assessment in a convenience sample of n = 141 people with known cognitive impairment in the primary care setting. Data on e.g. cognitive and psychological status prior to the pandemic was available. Attitudes, knowledge about and perceived personal impact of the pandemic, social support, loneliness, anxiety, depression, change in the frequency of social activities due to the pandemic and perceived impact of the pandemic on health care related services were assessed during the time of lockdown. Results The vast majority of participants are sufficiently informed about Corona (85%) and most think that the measures taken are appropriate (64%). A total of 11% shows one main symptom of a depression according to DSM-5. The frequency of depressive symptoms has not increased between the time before pandemic and lockdown in almost all participants. The sample shows minimal (65.0%) or low symptoms of anxiety (25%). The prevalence of loneliness is 10%. On average seven activities have decreased in frequency due to the pandemic. Social activities related to meeting people, dancing or visiting birthdays have decreased significantly. Talking with friends by phone and activities like gardening have increased. Utilization of health care services like day clinics, relief services and prescribed therapies have been reported to have worsened due to the pandemic. Visits to general practitioners decreased. Conclusions The study shows a small impact of the pandemic on psychological variables like depression, anxiety and loneliness in the short-term in Germany. There is a decrease in social activities as expected. The impact on health care provision is prominent. There is a need for qualitative, in-depth studies to further interpret the results.

scholarly journals The Situation of Elderly With Cognitive Impairment Living at Home During Lockdown in the Corona-pandemic in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen René Thyrian ◽  
Friederike Kracht ◽  
Angela Nikelski ◽  
Melanie Boekholt ◽  
Fanny Schumacher-Schönert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Health Care Provision ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Personal Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: The outbreak of the Corona virus is a challenge for health care systems worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyze a) knowledge about, and feelings related to the Corona-pandemic. Describe b) loneliness, depression and anxiety and, c) the perceived, immediate impact of the lockdown on frequency of social contacts and quality of health care provision of people with cognitive impairment during social distancing and lockdown in the primary care system and living at home in Germany. Methods: This analysis is based on data of a telephone-based assessment in a convenience sample of n=141 people with known cognitive impairment in the primary care setting. Data on e.g. cognitive and psychological status prior to the pandemic was available. Attitudes, knowledge about and perceived personal impact of the pandemic, social support, loneliness, anxiety, depression, change in the frequency of social activities due to the pandemic and perceived impact of the pandemic on health care related services were assessed during the time of lockdown. Results: The vast majority of participants are sufficiently informed about Corona (85%) and most think that the measures taken are appropriate (64%). A total of 11% shows one main symptom of a depression according to DSM-V. The frequency of depressive symptoms has not increased between the time before pandemic and lockdown in almost all participants. The sample shows minimal (65.0%) or low symptoms of anxiety (25%). The prevalence of loneliness is 10%. On average seven activities have decreased in frequency due to the pandemic. Social activities related to meeting people, dancing or visiting birthdays have decreased significantly. Talking with friends by phone and activities like gardening have increased. Utilization of health care services like day clinics, relief services and prescribed therapies have been reported to have worsened due to the pandemic. Visits to general practitioners decreased. Conclusions: The study shows a small impact of the pandemic on psychological variables like depression, anxiety and loneliness in the short-term. There is a decrease in social activities as expected. The impact on health care provision is prominent. There is a need for qualitative, in-depth studies to further interpret the results.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic on Sexual Behavior of Marriage People in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 440-445
Author(s):  
Jefry Albari Tribowo ◽  
Tjahjo Djojo Tanojo ◽  
Supardi Supardi ◽  
Cennikon Pakpahan ◽  
Eko Budi Siswidiyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Time Availability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been a global challenge since its first encounter. It has changed the daily lives of families including the sexual behavior of couples due to public health concerns and government policy to restrict people’s movement. It has changed both interpersonal and partner relationships; the time availability at home, the continued presence of children at home, the fear of infection, and the inability to physically interact with others have changed most people’s sexual behavior. AIM: This study aims to evaluate sexual behavior changes in marriage people of Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional online study was conducted, using self-constructed questionnaires. The convenience sample was collected from married males and females for at least 10 months from November 2020 to January 2021. The participants were asked 19 and 20 questions for female and male, respectively, which was an adaptation of the previous questionnaires. Furthermore, a study was conducted to analyze descriptively the changes of sexuality among married people before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: About 201 participants who completed the survey, 110 males (54.7%) and 91 females (45.3%) were included in the analyses. The mean age of participants was 37 years old. Most of the participants have middle to high socio-economy classes and have children at home. Shifting in the work schedule is the main reason to change sexual behaviors. Participants experienced significant changes in sexual behaviors and some sexual responses before and during the restriction time. CONCLUSION: The pandemic has changed sexual behaviors due to social restrictions in Indonesia. These findings imply messages about the consequences of the pandemic on sexual behaviors that may affect the sexual relationship, marriage stability, and physical health itself to fight coronavirus.

scholarly journals Usability characteristics of self-administered computer-assisted interviewing in the emergency department

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 276-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Herrick ◽  
A. Nakhasi ◽  
B. Nelson ◽  
S. Rice ◽  
P. A. Abbott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Finger Touch ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

SummaryObjective: Self-administered computer-assisted interviewing (SACAI) gathers accurate information from patients and could facilitate Emergency Department (ED) diagnosis. As part of an ongoing research effort whose long-range goal is to develop automated medical interviewing for diagnostic decision support, we explored usability attributes of SACAI in the ED.Methods: Cross-sectional study at two urban, academic EDs. Convenience sample recruited daily over six weeks. Adult, non-level I trauma patients were eligible. We collected data on ease of use (self-reported difficulty, researcher documented need for help), efficiency (mean time-per-click on a standardized interview segment), and error (self-report age mismatched with age derived from electronic health records) when using SACAI on three different instruments: Elo TouchSystems ESY15A2 (finger touch), Toshiba M200 (with digitizer pen), and Motion C5 (with digitizer pen). We calculated descriptive statistics and used regression analysis to evaluate the impact of patient and computer factors on time-per-click.Results: 841 participants completed all SACAI questions. Few (<1%) thought using the touch computer to ascertain medical information was difficult. Most (86%) required no assistance. Participants needing help were older (54 ± 19 vs. 40 ± 15 years, p<0.001) and more often lacked internet at home (13.4% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.004). On multivariate analysis, female sex (p<0.001), White (p<0.001) and other (p = 0.05) race (vs. Black race), younger age (p<0.001), internet access at home (p<0.001), high school graduation (p = 0.04), and touch screen entry (vs. digitizer pen) (p = 0.01) were independent predictors of decreased time-per-click. Participant misclick errors were infrequent, but, in our sample, occurred only during interviews using a digitizer pen rather than a finger touch-screen interface (1.9% vs. 0%, p = 0.09).Discussion: Our results support the facility of interactions between ED patients and SACAI. Demographic factors associated with need for assistance or slower interviews could serve as important triggers to offering human support for SACAI interviews during implementation.Conclusion: Understanding human-computer interactions in real-world clinical settings is essential to implementing automated interviewing as means to a larger long-term goal of enhancing clinical care, diagnostic accuracy, and patient safety.Citation: Herrick DB, Nakhasi A, Nelson B, Rice S, Abbott PA, Tehrani ASS, Rothman RE, Lehmann HP, NewmanToker DE. Usability characteristics of self-administered computer-assisted interviewing in the emergency department. Factors affecting ease of use, efficiency, and entry error.

Older Adults’ Behavior Intentions Once a COVID-19 Vaccine Becomes Available

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110192
Author(s):  
Michael A. Callow ◽  
Daniel D. Callow
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Behavior Intention ◽  
The Impact

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of antecedent variables on older adults’ intention to get a CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-2019 vaccine. Older adults are at higher risk of severe illness from the disease and face an increasingly ageist general population who misrepresent the pandemic as an older adult problem. We use the Theory of Planned Behavior framework to examine vaccine behavior intention. Method: A convenience sample ( n = 583) of adults aged 60 and older in the United States participated in an online survey using vignettes. Hierarchical regression and analysis of covariance were used to test our model. Results: Results suggest that perceived risk of the pandemic, general vaccine beliefs, and political affiliation influence respondents’ attitude toward the vaccine. Respondents’ attitudes toward the vaccine and their physician’s recommendation help shape vaccine intention. Conclusion: The results provide partial support to the proposed model in shaping vaccine intention among older adults.

scholarly journals The situation of elderly with cognitive impairment living at home during lockdown in the Corona-pandemic in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen René Thyrian ◽  
Friederike Kracht ◽  
Angela Nikelski ◽  
Melanie Boekholt ◽  
Fanny Schumacher-Schönert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Health Care Provision ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Personal Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: The outbreak of the Corona virus is a challenge for health care systems worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyze a) knowledge about, and feelings related to the Corona-pandemic. Describe b) loneliness, depression and anxiety and, c) the perceived, immediate impact of the lockdown on frequency of social contacts and quality of health care provision of people with cognitive impairment during social distancing and lockdown in the primary care system and living at home in Germany. Methods: This analysis is based on data of a telephone-based assessment in a convenience sample of n=141 people with known cognitive impairment in the primary care setting. Data on e.g. cognitive and psychological status prior to the pandemic was available. Attitudes, knowledge about and perceived personal impact of the pandemic, social support, loneliness, anxiety, depression, change in the frequency of social activities due to the pandemic and perceived impact of the pandemic on health care related services were assessed during the time of lockdown. Results: The vast majority of participants are sufficiently informed about Corona (85%) and most think that the measures taken are appropriate (64%). A total of 11% shows one main symptom of a depression according to DSM-5. The frequency of depressive symptoms has not increased between the time before pandemic and lockdown in almost all participants. The sample shows minimal (65.0%) or low symptoms of anxiety (25%). The prevalence of loneliness is 10%. On average seven activities have decreased in frequency due to the pandemic. Social activities related to meeting people, dancing or visiting birthdays have decreased significantly. Talking with friends by phone and activities like gardening have increased. Utilization of health care services like day clinics, relief services and prescribed therapies have been reported to have worsened due to the pandemic. Visits to general practitioners decreased. Conclusions: The study shows a small impact of the pandemic on psychological variables like depression, anxiety and loneliness in the short-term in Germany. There is a decrease in social activities as expected. The impact on health care provision is prominent. There is a need for qualitative, in-depth studies to further interpret the results.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Specificity of the Quidel Sofia Influenza A+B FIA Rapid Influenza Detection Test in Long-Term Care Facilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S355-S355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Temte ◽  
Mary Checovich ◽  
Shari Barlow ◽  
Peter Shult ◽  
Erik Reisdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Term Care

Abstract Background Influenza is a significant pathogen for long-term care facility (LTCF) residents. As part of a randomized controlled trial to assess early detection of influenza in LTCFs, we deployed rapid influenza detection tests (RIDTs) at intervention LTCFs. Our primary objectives for this interim analysis were to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Quidel Sofia® Influenza A+B Fluorescent Immunoassay RIDT in a high-risk, nontraditional population, and to describe the virology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in LTCF residents. Methods Personnel at LCTFs identified cases of ARI, collected nasal specimens, and ran RIDTs from 10/21/2016 to 4/28/2017. The residual nasal swab and leftover lysis buffer were placed into a viral transport medium tube and sent to the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene for confirmatory influenza RT-PCR testing. In addition, all specimens were tested for other viruses using the Luminex NxTAG® Respiratory Pathogen Panel. Sensitivity and specificity of the Sofia RIDT were calculated using RT-PCR results as the reference standard. Results Specimens were collected from 228 residents (mean age = 71.3 ± 22.4 years). The mean time from symptom onset to specimen collection was 1.4 ± 1.6 days (range: 0-7 days). Respiratory viruses were identified in 134/228 cases (58.8%); influenza viruses (A: 7.5% and B: 14.5%) were the most commonly detected virus by PCR, followed by rhinovirus/enterovirus (13.2%), RSV (11.0%) and coronaviruses (10.1%). The sensitivities of Sofia RIDT for influenza A and influenza B were 77.8% (95% CI: 52.4–93.6%) and 80.0% (95% CI: 61.4–92.3%), respectively, with specificities of 98.4% (95.3–99.7%) and 97.1% (93.4–99.1%), respectively. Overall performance assessment for influenza A or B yielded a sensitivity of 79.2% (65.0–89.5%) and specificity of 96.1% (91.7–98.6%). The estimated likelihood of discovering one of the first two influenza cases at a LTCF using this RIDT is estimated to be ≥95.7%. Conclusion Although a wide constellation of respiratory viruses cause ARIs within LTCF populations, influenza is very common. Early ARI recognition in residents, with testing shortly after symptom onset, likely contributed to high performance of the Sofia RIDT. Use of RIDTs allows early identification of influenza with high sensitivity and specificity in elderly LTCF residents. Disclosures J. Temte, Quidel: Investigator, Research support

scholarly journals The situation of elderly with cognitive impairment living at home during lockdown in the Corona-pandemic in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen René Thyrian ◽  
Friederike Kracht ◽  
Angela Nikelski ◽  
Melanie Boekholt ◽  
Fanny Schumacher-Schönert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Health Care Provision ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Personal Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: The outbreak of the Corona virus is a challenge for health care systems worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyze a) knowledge about, and feelings related to the Corona-pandemic. Describe b) loneliness, depression and anxiety and, c) the perceived, immediate impact of the lockdown on frequency of social contacts and quality of health care provision of people with cognitive impairment during social distancing and lockdown in the primary care system and living at home in Germany. Methods: This analysis is based on data of a telephone-based assessment in a convenience sample of n=141 people with known cognitive impairment in the primary care setting. Data on e.g. cognitive and psychological status prior to the pandemic was available. Attitudes, knowledge about and perceived personal impact of the pandemic, social support, loneliness, anxiety, depression, change in the frequency of social activities due to the pandemic and perceived impact of the pandemic on health care related services were assessed during the time of lockdown. Results: The vast majority of participants are sufficiently informed about Corona (85%) and most think that the measures taken are appropriate (64%). A total of 11% shows one main symptom of a depression according to DSM-VDSM-5. The frequency of depressive symptoms has not increased between the time before pandemic and lockdown in almost all participants. The sample shows minimal (65.0%) or low symptoms of anxiety (25%). The prevalence of loneliness is 10%. On average seven activities have decreased in frequency due to the pandemic. Social activities related to meeting people, dancing or visiting birthdays have decreased significantly. Talking with friends by phone and activities like gardening have increased. Utilization of health care services like day clinics, relief services and prescribed therapies have been reported to have worsened due to the pandemic. Visits to general practitioners decreased. Conclusions: The study shows a small impact of the pandemic on psychological variables like depression, anxiety and loneliness in the short-term. There is a decrease in social activities as expected. The impact on health care provision is prominent. There is a need for qualitative, in-depth studies to further interpret the results.

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