scholarly journals Use of social media in detecting drug safety-related new black box warnings, labeling changes, or withdrawals: A scoping review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yae-Seul Lee ◽  
Dong Hyun Kim ◽  
Han Sol Lee ◽  
Bo Ram Yang ◽  
Jae-Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Black Box Warnings ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Meta Analyses

BACKGROUND Social media has become a new source for obtaining real-world data on adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Many studies have investigated the use of social media to detect early signals of ADRs. However, the trustworthiness of signals derived from social media is questionable. To confirm this, a confirmatory research study using positive control (i.e., new black box warnings, labeling changes, or withdrawals) is required. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of social media in detecting new black box warnings, labeling changes, or withdrawals in advance. METHODS This scoping review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. A researcher searched PubMed and EMBASE in January of 2021. Original studies analyzing black box warnings, labeling changes, or withdrawals from social media were selected and the results of the studies were summarized. RESULTS A total of 13 articles were included in this scoping review. Most studies (61.5%) collected data from a single source, and 10 of the 13 studies (76.9%) used specialized healthcare social networks and forums. The analytical methods used in the studies varied considerably. Three studies (23.1%) manually annotated posts, while five (38.5%) adopted machine learning algorithms. Most studies concluded that social media could detect signals seven months to nine years before regulatory authority action. The most recently published paper recommends not using social media for pharmacovigilance, however. Several challenges remain in using social media for pharmacovigilance regarding coverage, data quality, and analytic processing. CONCLUSIONS Social media, along with conventional pharmacovigilance measures, can be used to detect signals associated with new black box warnings, labeling changes, or withdrawals. Further studies are required to advance NLP and mine RWD on social media.

Factors Related to Positive Memory Count Among Trauma-Exposed Individuals: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110131
Author(s):  
Ateka A. Contractor ◽  
Stephanie V. Caldas ◽  
Megan Dolan ◽  
Nicole H. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Memory Specificity ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Positive Memories

To examine the existing knowledge base on trauma experiences and positive memories, we conducted a scoping review of trauma and post-trauma factors related to positive memory count. In July 2019, we searched PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, and PTSDpubs for a combination of words related to “positive memories/experiences,” “trauma/posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),” and “number/retrieval.” Twenty-one articles met inclusion criteria (adult samples, original articles in English, peer-reviewed, included trauma-exposed group or variable of trauma exposure, trauma exposure examined with a trauma measure/methodology, assessed positive memory count, empirical experimental/non-experimental study designs). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, two authors reviewed abstracts, completed a secondary search, and independently extracted data. Our review indicated (1) that depression and PTSD were most researched; (2) no conclusive relationships of positive memory count with several psychopathology (depression, acute stress disorder, eating disorder, and anxiety), cognitive/affective, neurobiological, and demographic factors; (3) trends of potential relationships of positive memory count with PTSD and childhood interpersonal traumas (e.g., sexual and physical abuse); and (4) lower positive memory specificity as a potential counterpart to greater overgeneral positive memory bias. Given variations in sample characteristics and methodology as well as the limited longitudinal research, conclusions are tentative and worthy of further investigations.

scholarly journals Role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e040922
Author(s):  
Bethany Villas ◽  
Uira Duarte Wisnesky ◽  
Sandra Campbell ◽  
Lauren Slavik ◽  
Amynah S. Mevawala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Meta Analyses

Review question/objectiveThe purpose of this proposed review is twofold: first, to understand the role of occupational therapy presented in the musicians’ health literature; and second, to explore the potential for this role.IntroductionThe intense movement, awkward postures, concentration and emotional communication required of musicians can place them at increased risk of music-related health conditions, such as musculoskeletal disorders and performance anxiety. The development of music-related health conditions can be emotionally and financially devastating. The role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health has been previously discussed; however, no rigorous reviews of the scholarly literature have been published. We will, therefore, undertake a scoping review with the following research questions: (1) what is known about the role of occupational therapy in instrumental musicians’ health? and (2) what is the potential role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health?Methods and analysisA preliminary search of Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science was previously undertaken by the first author to determine the extent of the research on this topic and to confirm that no other reviews have been conducted or are in progress. Study selection and analysis will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines for conducting a scoping review.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethics approval is not required at our institution for a review of published literature. The results of this review will be shared through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and traditional and social media.

Parental Bereavement in Older Age: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 105413732199581
Author(s):  
Patricia Moyle Wright
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Parental Bereavement ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Physical Decline ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Cultural Mores ◽  
Meta Analyses

A scoping review of parental bereavement in older age was conducted to identify the unique needs of older adults after the loss of an adult child. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed in accordance with the stated objectives of this review, which was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). In total, 26 research studies were included. The data were then analyzed using a systematic approach for organizing and synthesizing key data. The results indicated that some consequences and mediators of parental bereavement are similar regardless of age. But, older adults experience greater loneliness, isolation, and stigma than their younger counterparts. Older parents are also at greater risk for physical decline, mortality, and institutionalization following the death of an adult child. Religious and cultural mores also have influence on the bereavement process.

scholarly journals Problemas de coagulação em adultos com síndroma respiratório agudo grave devido a infeção por coronavírus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): uma revisão abrangente

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-434
Author(s):  
Susana Pereira Costa ◽  
◽  
Inês Lopes Antunes ◽  
Ana Margarida Gomes ◽  
Cláudia Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objetivos: Resumir as informações publicadas acerca dos problemas de coagulação em adultos com SARS-CoV-2, incluindo características, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e resposta ao uso profilático ou terapêutico de anticoagulantes ou antiagregantes plaquetários. Métodos: Realizada uma revisão abrangente, de acordo com as guidelines Joanna Briggs Institute Guidelines on Scoping Reviews e Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review guidelines (PRISMA-ScR). Efetuada pesquisa nas bases de dados MEDLINE®, SciELO® e Web of Science® entre 1 e 2 de maio de 2020. A seleção dos artigos foi dividida em etapas sequenciais considerando: título, resumo e artigo integral. Em cada etapa os artigos foram aceites ou rejeitados tendo em conta os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Foi feito o mapeamento dos dados e a evidência relevante foi sumarizada. Resultados: Após seleção obtiveram-se 106 artigos. Destes, 36 correspondiam a cartas, 28 a estudos originais, 25 a revisões e 14 a relatos de caso; uma meta-análise, um comentário e um consenso também foram incluídos. Os resultados mostraram associação entre COVID-19 e complicações trombóticas, embora com diferentes tipos de eventos e taxas de frequência. A tríade inflamação, disfunção endotelial e coagulopatia parecem estar subjacentes às alterações fisiopatológicas. As técnicas laboratoriais e de imagem podem ser úteis para uma intervenção adequada. A profilaxia com anticoagulantes parentéricos, preferencialmente heparina de baixo peso molecular (HBPM) em dose intermédia, entre as comummente utilizadas para profilaxia ou tratamento, está indicada em pacientes hospitalizados, especialmente com doença grave. Deve ser mantida por um período variável após a alta, dependendo do doente. A anticoagulação terapêutica parece não diferir de outras situações previamente conhecidas. Conclusões: Várias incertezas persistem na abordagem dos problemas da coagulação em pacientes com infeção por SARS-CoV-2. As informações existentes dizem respeito principalmente ao contexto hospitalar e têm origem em fontes pouco robustas. Assim, são necessários ensaios clínicos aleatorizados e controlados para sustentar as decisões clínicas em todos os estadios.

scholarly journals What you need to know about scoping reviews

Medwave ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. e8144-e8144
Author(s):  
Catalina Verdejo ◽  
Luis Tapia-Benavente ◽  
Bastián Schuller-Martínez ◽  
Laura Vergara-Merino ◽  
Manuel Vargas-Peirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Recent Model ◽  
Reporting Guideline ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Meta Analyses

The increasing amount of evidence has caused an increasing amount of literature reviews. There are different types of reviews —systematic reviews are the best known—, and every type of review has different purposes. The scoping review is a recent model that aims to answer broad questions and identify and expose the available evidence for a broader question, using a rigorous and reproducible method. In the last two decades, researchers have discussed the most appropriate method to carry out scoping reviews, and recently the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses’ for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) reporting guideline was published. This is the fifth article of a methodological collaborative series of narrative reviews about general topics on biostatistics and clinical epidemiology. This review aims to describe what scoping reviews are, identify their objectives, differentiate them from other types of reviews, and provide considerations on how to carry them out.

scholarly journals Clinical prediction models for hospital falls: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e051047
Author(s):  
Rex Parsons ◽  
Susanna M Cramb ◽  
Steven M McPhail
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Fall Prediction ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionFalls remain one of the most prevalent adverse events in hospitals and are associated with substantial negative health impacts and costs. Approaches to assess patients’ fall risk have been implemented in hospitals internationally, ranging from brief screening questions to multifactorial risk assessments and complex prediction models, despite a lack of clear evidence of effect in reducing falls in acute hospital environments. The increasing digitisation of hospital systems provides new opportunities to understand and predict falls using routinely recorded data, with potential to integrate fall prediction models into real-time or near-real-time computerised decision support for clinical teams seeking to mitigate fall risk. However, the use of non-traditional approaches to fall risk prediction, including machine learning using integrated electronic medical records, has not yet been reviewed relative to more traditional fall prediction models. This scoping review will summarise methodologies used to develop existing hospital fall prediction models, including reporting quality assessment.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will follow the Arksey and O’Malley framework and its recent advances, and will be reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews recommendations. Four electronic databases (CINAHL via EBSCOhost, PubMed, IEEE Xplore and Embase) will be initially searched for studies up to 12 November 2020, and searches may be updated prior to final reporting. Additional studies will be identified by reference list review and citation analysis of included studies. No restriction will be placed on the date or language of identified studies. Screening of search results and extraction of data will be performed by two independent reviewers. Reporting quality will be assessed by the adherence to the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this study. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and scientific conferences.

scholarly journals The Use Of Social Media For Health Research Purposes: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charline Bour ◽  
Susanne Schmitz ◽  
Adrian Ahne ◽  
Camille Perchoux ◽  
Coralie Dessenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Evidence Map ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Use Of Social Media

BACKGROUND As social media are increasingly used worldwide, more and more scientists are relying on them for their health-related projects. But so far, social media features, methodologies and ethical issues are unclear with no overview of this relatively young field of research. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to provide an evidence map of the different uses of social media for health research purposes, their fields of applications and their analysis methods. METHODS We followed the scoping review methodologies developed by Arksey and O’Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute. After developing search strategies based on keywords (e.g., Social media, health research), comprehensive searches were conducted in Pubmed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. We limited the search strategies to documents written in English and published between 2005/01/01 and 2020/04/09. After removing duplicates, articles were screened at title/abstract and at full text level by two independent reviewers. One reviewer extracted data that were descriptively analyzed to map the available evidence. RESULTS After screening 1237 titles and abstracts and 407 full-texts, 268 unique papers were included, dating from 2009 to 2020 with an average annual growth rate of 32.71% for the 2009-2019 period. Studies mainly came from America (64.55%, N=173/268, including 151 from the USA). Articles used machine learning or data mining techniques (N=60/268) to analyze the data, discussed opportunities and limitations of the use of social media for research (N=59/268), assessed the feasibility of recruitment strategies (N=45/268) or discussed ethical issues (N=16/268). Communicable (e.g., influenza, N=122/268) and then chronic (e.g., cancer, N=40/268) diseases were the two main areas of interest. CONCLUSIONS Since their early days, social media have been recognized as a resource of high potential for health research purposes but yet the field is still suffering from a strong heterogeneity in the methodologies used, which prevents the research from comparison and generalisability. For the field to be fully recognized as a valid, complementary approach to more traditional health research study designs, there is now a need for more guidance by types of applications of social media for health research, both from a methodological and an ethical perspective.

scholarly journals Developing measures for WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience: a conceptual framework and scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e024130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha R Lattof ◽  
Özge Tunçalp ◽  
Allisyn C Moran ◽  
Maurice Bucagu ◽  
Doris Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Women's Voices ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Assess Quality ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Routine Antenatal Care

ObjectivesIn response to the newest WHO recommendations on routine antenatal care (ANC) for pregnant women and adolescent girls, this paper identifies the literature on existing ANC measures, presents a conceptual framework for quality ANC, maps existing measures to specific WHO recommendations, identifies gaps where new measures are needed to monitor the implementation and impact of routine ANC and prioritises measures for capture.MethodsWe conducted searches in four databases and five websites. Searches and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow approach for scoping reviews. Data were extracted on measure information, methodology, methodological work and implementation. We adapted and refined a conceptual framework for routine ANC based on these measures.ResultsThis scoping review uncovered 58 resources describing 46 existing measures that align with WHO recommendations and good clinical practices for ANC. Of the 42 WHO-recommended ANC interventions and four good clinical practices included in this scoping review, only 14 WHO-recommended interventions and three established good clinical practices could potentially be measured immediately using existing measures. Recommendations addressing the integration of ANC with allied fields are likelier to have existing measures than recommendations that focus on maternal health. When mapped to our conceptual framework, existing measures prioritise content of care and health systems; measures for girls’ and women’s experiences of care are notably lacking. Available data sources for non-existent measures are currently limited.ConclusionOur research updates prior efforts to develop comprehensive measures of quality ANC and raises awareness of the need to better assess experiences of ANC. Given the inadequate number and distribution of existing ANC measures across the quality of care conceptual framework domains, new standardised measures are required to assess quality of routine ANC. Girls’ and women’s voices deserve greater acknowledgement when measuring the quality and delivery of ANC.

scholarly journals Obstetrical safety indicators for preventing hospital harms in low risk births: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e036203
Author(s):  
Aislinn Conway ◽  
Jessica Reszel ◽  
Mark C Walker ◽  
Jeremy M Grimshaw ◽  
Sandra I Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Patient Safety Indicators ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionOptimising the safety of obstetric patient care is a primary concern for many hospitals. Performance indicators measuring aspects of patient care processes can lead to improvements in health systems and the prevention of harm to the patient. We present our protocol for a scoping review to identify indicators for obstetric safety in low risk births. We aim to identify indicators addressing preventable hospital harms, to summarise the data and synthesise results.Methods and analysisWe will use methods described by Arksey and O’Malley and further expanded by Levacet al. We will search electronic databases such as Medline, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library, and websites from professional bodies and other organisations, using an iterative search strategy.Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts of search results to determine eligibility for inclusion. If eligibility is not clear, the reviewers will screen the full text version. If reviewers’ decisions regarding eligibility differ, a third reviewer will review the record. Two reviewers will independently extract data from records that meet our inclusion criteria using a standardised data collection form. We will narratively describe quantitative data, such as the frequency with which indicators are identified, and conduct a thematic analysis of the qualitative data. We will compile a comprehensive list of patient safety indicators and organise them according to concepts that best suit the data such as the Donabedian model or the Hospital Harm Framework. We will discuss the implications for future research, clinical practice and policy-making. We will report the conduct of the review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist.Ethics and disseminationThe sources of information included in this scoping review will be available to the public. Therefore, ethics approval is not warranted. We will disseminate results in a peer-reviewed publication, conference/event presentation(s) and stakeholder communications.

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