Renewable Energy: Volume 3: Electrical, Magnetic, and Chemical Energy Storage Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. i-99
Author(s):  
Richard A Dunlap
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
Storage Methods

scholarly journals A Modular Reactor for Thermochemical Energy Storage Examination of Ettringite-Based Materials

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Kuznik ◽  
Horgnies ◽  
Johannes ◽  
Morin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

More attention on renewable energy has been attracted after the achievement of Paris Agreement against climate change. Solar-based technology is supposed to be one of the most promising green energy technologies for residential buildings since its wide thermal usage for hot water and heating. However, the seasonal mismatch between its energy-production and consumption makes buildings need an energy storage system to improve the efficiency of renewable energy use. Indeed, even if different kinds of energy storage systems using sensible or latent heat already exist, thermochemical energy storage can be then recommended by considering the problems of energy dissipation during storage and low energy density for the first two methods. As potential thermochemical storage materials, ettringite (3CaO∙Al2O3∙3CaSO4∙32H2O) based materials possess high energy densities (~500 kWh/m3), low material cost (<1000 €/m3) and low storage temperature (~60–70°C), compared to salt hydrates of similar energy density like SrBr2·6H2O (42 k€/m3, ~80°C), LaCl3·7H2O (38 k€/m3, ~100°C) and MgSO4·7H2O (5 k€/m3, ~150°C). Therefore, ettringite-based materials have the possibility to be largely used in building sector by being coupled to normal solar collector systems via reversible chemical reactions (Equation (1)): (i) charging mode: hot air or hot water (>70°C) from solar collectors dehydrates ettringite to meta-ettringite, and consequently store heat to chemical energy; ii) discharging mode: humid air is pumped to material container to rehydrate meta-ettringite, and consequently release stored chemical energy as heating. However, the lack of extensive examination leads to poor knowledge on their thermal properties and limits maturity of this technology. Therefore, the aim of this work is to characterize the capacity of an ettringite-based material (named C80P20, containing ~70 wt.% ettringite) in terms of thermal energy storage by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Besides, a modular reactor adapting to thermal characterizations of C80P20 particles has been developed for various weights (up to 300 grams). In our case, the energy density of pure ettringite is around 1012 J/g while 708 J/g for C80P20 powder in TGA-DSC. First preliminary results from modular reactor demonstrate a general energy density of 150 kWh/m3 released by the hydration process of C80P20 grains (pre-dehydrated at 80 °C) at 25 °C and 85% relative humidity. Moreover, the reactor is intended to study the durability of the energy storage material over time, and also as function of the number of charging/discharging cycles.CaO∙Al2O3∙3CaSO4∙32H2O ettringite+heat↔3CaO∙Al2O3∙3CaSO4∙32-XH2Ometa-ettringite+XH2O

Chemical Energy Conversion as Enabling Factor to Move to a Renewable Energy Economy

Green ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Abate ◽  
Gabriele Centi ◽  
Siglinda Perathoner
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Solar Fuels ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Low Carbon Economy

AbstractThe role of chemical energy storage and solar fuels as key elements for the sustainable chemical and energy production is discussed in this concept paper. It is shown how chemical energy storage, with the development of drop-in carbon-based solar fuels, will play a central role in the future low-carbon economy, but it is necessary to consider its out-of-the-grid use, rather than being limited to be a tool for smart grids. Related aspects discussed are the possibility to: (i) enable a system of trading renewable energy on a world scale (out-of-the-grid), including the possibility to exploit actually unused remote resources, (ii) develop a solar-driven and low-carbon chemical production, which reduces the use of fossil fuels and (iii) create a distributed energy production, going beyond the actual limitations and dependence on the grid.

Thermal Energy Storage Using Solid Particles for Long-Duration Energy Storage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Ma ◽  
Patrick Davenport ◽  
Janna Martinek
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Storage Methods

Abstract The rapid growth of renewable energy increases the importance of economically firming the electricity supply from variable solar photovoltaic- and wind-power generators. Energy storage will be the key to manage variability and to bridge the generation gap over time scales of hours or days for high renewable grid integration. The integration of renewable power and storage of excess electricity has several significant and positive impacts including: 1) expanding the renewable energy portion of total electricity generation, 2) improving the peak-load response, and 3) coordinating the electricity supply and demand over the grid. Long-duration energy storage can potentially complement the reduction of fossil-fuel baseload generation that otherwise would risk grid security when a large portion of grid power comes from variable renewable sources. Several energy storage methods are deployed or under development, including mechanical, chemical or electrochemical, and thermal energy storage (TES). Comparing their economic potential for different scales and applications helps identify suitable technology to support high renewable grid integration. Despite the progress of TES technologies developed and deployed with concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, TES has been undervalued for its potential role in electric energy storage. This paper introduces TES methods applicable to grid energy storage and particularly focuses on solid-particle-based TES to serve the purpose of long-duration energy storage (LDES). The objective of this paper is to present a standalone particle-based TES system for electric storage and to show the potential of TES systems for LDES applications over other energy storage methods such as batteries, compressed-air energy storage, or pumped-storage hydropower.

Thermal characterization of ABS-Graphene blended three dimensional printed functional prototypes for electro chemical energy storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaljit Singh Boparai ◽  
Rupinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Fused Deposition

This study highlights the thermal characterization of ABS-Graphene blended three dimensional (3D) printed functional prototypes by fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. These functional prototypes have some applications as electro-chemical energy storage devices (EESD). Initially, the suitability of ABS-Graphene composite material for FDM applications has been examined by melt flow index (MFI) test. After establishing MFI, the feedstock filament for FDM has been prepared by an extrusion process. The fabricated filament has been used for printing 3D functional prototypes for printing of in-house EESD. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis was conducted to understand the effect on glass transition temperature with the inclusion of Graphene (Gr) particles. It has been observed that the reinforced Gr particles act as a thermal reservoir (sink) and enhances its thermal/electrical conductivity. Also, FT-IR spectra realized the structural changes with the inclusion of Gr in ABS matrix. The results are supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) based micrographs for understanding the morphological changes.

Modeling an Energy Storage System Based on a Hybrid Renewable Energy System in Stand-alone Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2641-2645
Author(s):  
Alexandru Ciocan ◽  
Ovidiu Mihai Balan ◽  
Mihaela Ramona Buga ◽  
Tudor Prisecaru ◽  
Mohand Tazerout
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System

The current paper presents an energy storage system that stores the excessive energy, provided by a hybrid system of renewable energy sources, in the form of compressed air and thermal heat. Using energy storage systems together with renewable energy sources represents a major challenge that could ensure the transition to a viable economic future and a decarbonized economy. Thermodynamic calculations are conducted to investigate the performance of such systems by using Matlab simulation tools. The results indicate the values of primary and global efficiencies for various operating scenarios for the energy storage systems which use compressed air as medium storage, and shows that these could be very effective systems, proving the possibility to supply to the final user three types of energy: electricity, heat and cold function of his needs.

Price and subsidy under uncertainty: Real-option approach to optimal investment decisions on energy storage with solar PV

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2199229
Author(s):  
Jingyu Qu ◽  
Wooyoung Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Real Option ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Optimal Investment ◽  
Investment Incentives ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Trigger Price

Renewable generation sources still have not achieved economic validity in many countries including Korea, and require subsidies to support the transition to a low-carbon economy. An initial Feed-In Tariff (FIT) was adopted to support the deployment of renewable energy in Korea until 2011 and then was switched to the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) to implement more market-oriented mechanisms. However, high volatilities in electricity prices and subsidies under the RPS scheme have weakened investment incentives. In this study we estimate how the multiple price volatilities under the RPS scheme affect the optimal investment decisions of energy storage projects, whose importance is increasing rapidly because they can mitigate the variability and uncertainty of solar and wind generation in the power system. We applied mathematical analysis based on real-option methods to estimate the optimal trigger price for investment in energy-storage projects with and without multiple price volatilities. We found that the optimal trigger price of subsidy called the Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) under multiple price volatilities is 10.5% higher than that under no price volatilities. If the volatility of the REC price gets doubled, the project requires a 26.6% higher optimal investment price to justify the investment against the increased risk. In the end, we propose an auction scheme that has the advantage of both RPS and FIT in order to minimize the financial burden of the subsidy program by eliminating subsidy volatility and find the minimum willingness-to-accept price for investors.

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