US and European Public Procurement Policies for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME): A Comparative Perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max V. Kidalov ◽  
Keith F. Snider
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
European Public ◽  
Policy Objectives

This paper provides a comparative perspective of public procurement policies for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in the United States and Europe. Public procurement is increasingly recognized as a strategic function of public administration because of the huge amount of resources it consumes, as well as the important policy objectives it seeks to promote, including SME-related objectives. Progress towards meeting SME procurement participation goals, however, remains elusive on both sides of the Atlantic. Policy makers and administrators have little comparative research upon which to draw regarding the effectiveness of various policy approaches, a shortcoming this paper seeks to address. An institutional perspective is adopted which helps explain similarities and differences in U.S. and European SME policies.

Coalition Stories: Cases from the Iraq Coalition

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Baum ◽  
Philip B. K. Potter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Opposition ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Public Media ◽  
European Public ◽  
Key Variables

This chapter examines the decisions of the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and Poland regarding whether they would join with the United States in the Iraq coalition, the goal of which was to remove Saddam Hussein from power. Among these countries, there was much variation in both key variables identified as the ingredients of constraint and in the extent to which leaders were responsive to pressure from either their domestic publics or the United States. The key lesson from these case studies is that democratic constraint is fragile and elusive. These cases point to a variety of means by which policy makers outmaneuvered a consistently antiwar European public. Media and partisan political opposition are clearly an important part of the overall story and, more significantly, are among the few factors that hold steady from case to case.

Delaying Doomsday

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupal N. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leadership Transition ◽  
Military Force ◽  
National Data ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Cross National

Why are states willing to give up their nuclear weapons programs? This book presents a new theory for how external inducements supplied by the United States can convince even the most committed of proliferators to abandon weapons pursuit. Existing theories focus either on carrots or sticks. I explore how using both positive and negative inducements, in the shadow of military force, can persuade both friends and foes not to continue their nuclear weapons pursuit. I draw on worldwide cross-national data on nuclear reversal, case studies of Iran and North Korea, among other countries, and interviews with diplomats, policy-makers, and analysts. I show that the majority of proliferators have been persuaded to reverse their nuclear weapons programs when offered incentives from the United States. Moreover, I demonstrate that these tools are especially effective during periods of leadership transition and can work on both allies and adversaries. My theory and evidence also suggest a broader conception of counterproliferation than currently exists, identifying how carrots and sticks used together can accomplish one of the international community’s most important policy objectives.

scholarly journals The Science of Public Procurement and Administration. International Public Procurement Conference

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Robert Agwot Komakech
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
Railway Networks ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Infant Stage

<p><em>This paper reviewed Benon C. Basheka book’s chapter on the Science of Public Procurement and Administration published by International Public Procurement Conference in 2013. The objective of the review was to expand on the origin of procurement, highlight the areas that make public procurement discipline to be an art or science and make recommendations for policy makers and researchers. The author found that public procurement is still at its infant stage with little known theory though it has a close relationship with public administration.</em><em> Although public procurement has existed from the time man started trade, procurement was chaotic and disorganized since there was </em><em>nothing unethical or illegal about receiving kickbacks from contractors.</em><em> The author also found that, procurement had no regulations until 1792 when US Congress passed procurement legislation. The major procurement between 300 B.C-3000 B.C was construction of roads, bridges, </em><em>railway networks and supplies of foodstuffs, army uniforms and fighting equipments. The study also reveals procurement as a blend of art and science because</em><em> it is both a theoretical field and an area of practice. The theoretical field (art) is concerned with the teaching or academic study while the practice (science) deals with the day to day activities of procuring and disposing entities. </em><em>The author, therefore recommends scholars to conduct empirical studies among procurement researchers, lecturers and practitioners in relation to the field procurement should belong to so as to have consensus on procurement field/discipline as it was done with procurement meaning. Finally, since there is no consensus between public and private procurement agenda; it means procurement is not a pure science but it is an art and science.</em></p>

Problems Facing Us Assistance for the Post-Soviet Republics

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
Peter Dombrowski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Former Soviet Republics

AbstractSince 1989 American policy-makers have continually affirmed US support for the transition of the former Soviet republics from authoritarian, command economies to democratic, market economies. The United States will continue to aid the transition to protect its own political, economic and security interests. Professor Rex Wade's article offers reasonable advice for American officials faced with the difficult task of assisting this transition. Building upon his analysis, I shall elaborate on several of the most pressing problems facing American officials responsible for administering assistance programs. Three broad problems confront US policy-makers promoting markets and democratic political institutions in the former Soviet republics: 1) inadequate resources; 2) embattled foreign assistance institutions; and 3) the lack of international consensus about the goals and means for influencing the transition. Each of these issues has the potential to weaken American and international efforts to shape post-Communist society. In combination, they threaten the long-term foreign policy objectives of the United States.

Supplying the pandemic response: The importance of public procurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 189-208
Author(s):  
Sawsan Abutabenjeh, PhD ◽  
Lachezar Anguelov, PhD ◽  
Benjamin M. Brunjes, PhD ◽  
Ana-Maria Dimand, PhD ◽  
Evelyn Rodriguez-Plesa, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Management Recommendations

The rapid global transmission of COVID-19 has demonstrated many weaknesses in government procurement of essential supplies. In the United States, these problems have been particularly evident, as systemic fragmentation through federalism has frustrated a coordinated response. Rather than working together, states and localities are competing over limited medical resources, while the federal government has not stepped in to alleviate burdens on the lower tiers of government. In this study, we introduce how procurement is managed under normal circumstances and how it changes during emergencies. Easing procurement rules comes with necessary tradeoffs, particularly involving equity and accountability. Using case studies from recent disasters, we identify procurement and management recommendations for the COVID-19 response and future emergencies. We conclude that public procurement is integral to effective management in the 21st century and must be treated as such in the study and practice of public administration and emergency management.

A European Model of Public Administration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Stirn
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Public Law ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
European Model ◽  
European Public ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Services Of General Interest ◽  
Domestic Level

Chapter 6 shows how, in spite of the differences of the various domestic legal systems in Europe, a European model for public administration is emerging. This can be seen across different topics such as the scope of public action, the provision of services of general interest; but also in the way in which public administration is organized, in respect of matters such as, for example, economic governance, delegated management and public procurement, and independent authorities and agencies. The chapter sets out and analyses the principle of good administration and the role it plays in European public law, and then turns to the topic of the organization of the civil service in Europe, analysing the question both at the European and at the domestic level.

Bearing the White Man’s Burden: American Empire and the Origin of Public Administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Alasdair Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
American Empire ◽  
Spanish American War ◽  
European Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract There is an overlooked chapter in the history of American public administration: the experiment with colonial administration in the two decades following the Spanish-American War. Several scholars now identified as pioneers of American public administration were actively engaged in this project. They studied European empires closely to determine how the new American dependencies should be governed. This work was guided by beliefs about racial superiority and the duty of civilized nations to improve uncivilized peoples through colonization. This episode of administrative history provides insight into how American academics thought about race and public administration in the early decades of the twentieth century, both overseas and within the United States. It compels a reassessment of our understandings about their commitment to democracy, and about the supposed differences between American and European public administration at that time.

Public Administration in the Islamic World: Considering the Importance of Religion, its Values and Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Daniel Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Salient Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Comparative Public Administration

A small but growing area of public administration scholarship appreciates the influence of religious values on various aspects of government. This appreciation parallels a growing interest in comparative public administration and indigenized forms of government which recognizes the role of culture in different approaches to government. This article is at the crossroads of these two trends while also considering a very salient region, the Islamic world. The Islamic world is uniquely religious, which makes this discussion even more relevant, as the nations that represent them strive towards legitimacy and stability. The history and core values of Islam need to be considered as they pertain to systems of government that are widely accepted by the people. In essence, this is being done in many countries across the Islamic world, providing fertile grounds for public administration research from a comparative perspective. This paper explores these possibilities for future research on this topic.

The Politics of Precaution

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Vogel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
Scientific Certainty ◽  
European Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Regulatory Controls ◽  
Milk Hormones

This book examines the politics of consumer and environmental risk regulation in the United States and Europe over the last five decades, explaining why America and Europe have often regulated a wide range of similar risks differently. It finds that between 1960 and 1990, American health, safety, and environmental regulations were more stringent, risk averse, comprehensive, and innovative than those adopted in Europe. But since around 1990 global regulatory leadership has shifted to Europe. What explains this striking reversal? This book takes an in-depth, comparative look at European and American policies toward a range of consumer and environmental risks, including vehicle air pollution, ozone depletion, climate change, beef and milk hormones, genetically modified agriculture, antibiotics in animal feed, pesticides, cosmetic safety, and hazardous substances in electronic products. The book traces how concerns over such risks—and pressure on political leaders to do something about them—have risen among the European public but declined among Americans. The book explores how policymakers in Europe have grown supportive of more stringent regulations while those in the United States have become sharply polarized along partisan lines. And as European policymakers have grown more willing to regulate risks on precautionary grounds, increasingly skeptical American policymakers have called for higher levels of scientific certainty before imposing additional regulatory controls on business.

Dirk J. Wolfson. Public Finance and development Strategy. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1979. Pp. xiv+264.

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-257
Author(s):  
Zafar Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Council

The world in its politico-economic aspects is run by policy-makers who have an academic background in law or public administration or other related social disciplines including economics. Only rarely would a majority of the policy-makers be trained in economics. In the making of economic policy, the basic choices before the policy-makers are political and they transcend the narrow concerns of economists regarding optimal use of resources. These considerations in no way downgrade the relevance of economic analysis in economic policy-making and for the training of policy-maker in economics. Policy-makers need economic council to understand fully the implications of alternative policy options. In this book, Wolfson attempts to educate policy-makers in the areas of public finance and development strategy. The analysis avoids technicalities and is kept to a simple level to make it understandable to civil servants, law-makers and members of the executive branch whom Wolfson refers to as policy-makers. Simplicity of analysis is not the only distinguishing mark of this book. Most other books on public finance are usually addressed to traditional public finance issues relating to both the revenue and expenditure sides of the budget and neglect an overall mix of issues dealing with the interaction of fiscal policy with economic development. Wolfson in this book explicitly deals with these issues.

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