Results of isolation and genotyping of measles viruses that circulated in 2012–2017 in the Odesa region

Background. The circulation of different strains of the measles virus is closely related to the region and the incidence rate since circulating strains can change during epidemic outbreaks and in interepidemic periods. According to the WHO, the B3 strain is most common during outbreaks worldwide. Therefore, typing of circulating strains of measles virus, especially during an epidemic outbreak, is an important process, including for predicting the development of an epidemic. The study was aimed to identify and determine the genotype of measles virus types that circulate in Ukraine during 2012–2019. Materials and methods. Materials of the reporting documentation of the State Institution “Odessa Regional Laboratory Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine” in the Odessa region during 2012–2019 were used and analyzed. Materials from patients with suspected measles were used for molecular biological, genetic, analytical, and statistical approaches investigation. Following the standard WHO protocol for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, circulating measles virus strains were isolated from the patient in a special culture of Vero/SLAM cells. Measles virus RNA was isolated from the resulting virus-containing material after cultivation and RT-PCR was performed. The resulting cDNA was sent for genotyping, which was carried out at the WHO reference laboratory for the diagnosis of measles and rubella in Luxembourg (WHO RRL). Results. Twenty strains of measles virus from 45 samples (urine and nasopharyngeal swabs) from patients diagnosed with measles were isolated during 2012–2014. Virus isolation was not carried out in 2015–2016 due to isolated cases of the disease. Twenty-four virus strains from 164 samples were isolated in 2017. Conclusions. The results obtained at the State Institution “Odessa Regional Laboratory Center” demonstrated that during the interepidemic period of 2012–2014, the D4 genotype circulated in the region. But since 2017, when there was an increas of cases associated with a new epidemic outbreak, B3, genetic line MVs/Kabul.AFG/20.2014/3 B3 mainly circulates in the region of southern Ukraine. As you can see, these data completely coincide with the data about circulating genotypes that were found at a certain time in the European Region, according to the data from the literature.

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Is the Measles Virus Indeed Involved in Carcinogenesis? – Commentary

International Journal of Negative Results ◽

10.14302/issn.2641-9181.ijnr-18-2195 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 20-23

Author(s):

Daniel Benharroch

Keyword(s):

Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Measles Virus ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Beer Sheva ◽

Virus Rna ◽

Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Repeated Calls ◽

Measles Antibodies ◽

International Experts

Objectives: An association between the measles virus and Hodgkin lymphoma has been disclosed by our laboratory in Beer-Sheva, starting in 2003. We question the refutation of our study and the absence of interest among experts. Methodology: It was based on immunohistochemistry with commercial, as well as experimental anti-measles antibodies. It relied also on RT-PCR and in situ hybridization evidence of measles virus RNA. Key Results: At this stage (2004), the link between the virus and the lymphoma was essentially descriptive. The first and last response to our challenge appeared in 2007, in the form of doublet articles, in the same issue of a major cancer journal. The two European research groups responding, rejected categorically our findings by proposing different arguments. Major Conclusion: As reservations to these reactions became soon apparent, a series of papers from our laboratory were published. These articles concerned the evidence of a relationship between the measles virus and additional categories of cancers. Different malignancies in which this virus was not expressed at all, were also described. A further study suggested a mechanism by which the measles virus may activate lymphomagenesis in classic Hodgkin lymphoma. To our dismay, and in spite of repeated calls to verify the various results, no further response was obtained from international experts.

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Persistent Measles Virus Infection and Otosclerosis

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348940111001001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 110 (10) ◽

pp. 897-903 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Wolfgang Arnold ◽

Hans P. Niedermeyer ◽

Maria Schuster ◽

Wolfgang J. Neubert ◽

Christa Baumann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Measles Virus ◽

Otic Capsule ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Virus Rna ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

H Protein ◽

Antibody Pattern

The cause of otosclerosis is still unknown. Recently, measles virus involvement has been implicated. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of measles virus RNA within the otosclerotic focus and to evaluate the perilymphatic antibody pattern. Bone and perilymph specimens from 40 patients with the spontaneous form of otosclerosis and from control patients were investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot techniques, and cell culture. By the use of RT-PCR, measles virus RNA could be detected in 32 patients, but not in controls. Analysis of perilymph revealed the presence of antibodies to N, F1, and M measles virus proteins in all cases, and antibodies against H protein in 2 additional cases. In preosteoblasts cultured from otosclerotic bone chips, no measles virus RNA could be amplified. We conclude that the spontaneous form of otosclerosis is, in the vast majority of cases, a measles virus-associated disease of the otic capsule.

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Absence of Measles Virus Detection from Stapes of Patients with Otosclerosis

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599817733674 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 158 (1) ◽

pp. 158-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

María de Lourdes Flores-García ◽

Claudia Adriana Colín-Castro ◽

Mario Sabas Hernández-Palestina ◽

Roberto Sánchez-Larios ◽

Rafael Franco-Cendejas

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Measles Virus ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Virus Detection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Virus Rna ◽

N 93

Objective To determine molecularly the presence of measles virus genetic material in the stapes of patients with otosclerosis. Study Design A cross-sectional study. Setting A tertiary referral hospital. Subjects and Methods Genetic material was extracted from the stapes of patients with otosclerosis (n = 93) during the period from March 2011 to April 2012. The presence of viral measles sequences was evaluated by the real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of the CD46 gene was determined. Results Ninety-three patients were included in the study. No sample was positive for any of 3 measles virus genes (H, N, and F). Measles virus RNA was not detected in any sample by real-time RT-PCR. CD46 levels were positive in 3.3% (n = 3) and negative in 96.7% (n = 90). Conclusion This study does not support the theory of measles virus as the cause of otosclerosis. It is necessary to do more research about other causal theories to clarify its etiology and prevention.

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Detection Of Measles Virus Rna For Genotyping By Rt-Pcr Assays Using Thermo Cycler

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.08.447 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. S130-S131

Author(s):

Hajira Osmani ◽

K. Nagamani

Keyword(s):

Measles Virus ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Virus Rna ◽

Pcr Assays

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Monitoring the marine environment for small round structured viruses (SRSVS): a new approach to combating the transmission of these viruses by molluscan shellfish

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0498 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (12) ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

K. Henshilwood ◽

J. Green ◽

D. N. Lees

Keyword(s):

Enteric Virus ◽

Winter Period ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Cloning And Sequencing ◽

New Approach ◽

Human Enteric Virus ◽

Different Strains ◽

The Uk ◽

Public Health Protection

This study investigates human enteric virus contamination of a shellfish harvesting area. Samples were analysed over a 14-month period for Small Round Structured Viruses (SRSVs) using a previously developed nested RT-PCR. A clear seasonal difference was observed with the largest numbers of positive samples obtained during the winter period (October to March). This data concurs with the known winter association of gastroenteric illness due to oyster consumption in the UK and also with the majority of the outbreaks associated with shellfish harvested from this area during the study period. RT-PCR positive amplicons were further characterised by cloning and sequencing. Sequence analysis of the positive samples identified eleven SRSV strains, of both Genogroup I and Genogroup II, occurring throughout the study period. Many shellfish samples contained a mixture of strains with a few samples containing up to three different strains with both Genogroups represented. The observed common occurrence of strain mixtures may have implications for the role of shellfish as a vector for dissemination of SRSV strains. These results show that nested RT-PCR can identify SRSV contamination in shellfish harvesting areas. Virus monitoring of shellfish harvesting areas by specialist laboratories using RT-PCR is a possible approach to combating the transmission of SRSVs by molluscan shellfish and could potentially offer significantly enhanced levels of public health protection.

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Clinical correlates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody profiles in Spanish COVID-19 patients from a high incidence region

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83969-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Robert Markewitz ◽

Antje Torge ◽

Klaus-Peter Wandinger ◽

Daniela Pauli ◽

Andre Franke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Fatality ◽

Time Frame ◽

Epidemic Outbreak ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

High Incidence ◽

Duration Of Hospitalization ◽

Reasonable Time Frame ◽

Support Treatment ◽

Diagnostic And Prognostic Value

AbstractLaboratory testing for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) consists of two pillars: the detection of viral RNA via rt-PCR as the diagnostic gold standard in acute cases, and the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. However, concerning the latter, questions remain about their diagnostic and prognostic value and it is not clear whether all patients develop detectable antibodies. We examined sera from 347 Spanish COVID-19 patients, collected during the peak of the epidemic outbreak in Spain, for the presence of IgA and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and evaluated possible associations with age, sex and disease severity (as measured by duration of hospitalization, kind of respiratory support, treatment in ICU and death). The presence and to some degree the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies depended mainly on the amount of time between onset of symptoms and the collection of serum. A subgroup of patients did not develop antibodies at the time of sample collection. Compared to the patients that did, no differences were found. The presence and level of antibodies was not associated with age, sex, duration of hospitalization, treatment in the ICU or death. The case-fatality rate increased exponentially with older age. Neither the presence, nor the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies served as prognostic markers in our cohort. This is discussed as a possible consequence of the timing of the sample collection. Age is the most important risk factor for an adverse outcome in our cohort. Some patients appear not to develop antibodies within a reasonable time frame. It is unclear, however, why that is, as these patients differ in no respect examined by us from those who developed antibodies.

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Complete Genome Sequences of Six Measles Virus Strains

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.00184-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (13) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

My V. T. Phan ◽

Claudia M. E. Schapendonk ◽

Bas B. Oude Munnink ◽

Marion P. G. Koopmans ◽

Rik L. de Swart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Measles Virus ◽

Genetic Characterization ◽

Critical Component ◽

Wild Type ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Virus Strains ◽

Generation Sequencing

ABSTRACT Genetic characterization of wild-type measles virus (MV) strains is a critical component of measles surveillance and molecular epidemiology. We have obtained complete genome sequences of six MV strains belonging to different genotypes, using random-primed next generation sequencing.

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