scholarly journals Is the Measles Virus Indeed Involved in Carcinogenesis? – Commentary

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Daniel Benharroch
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Beer Sheva ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Repeated Calls ◽  
Measles Antibodies ◽  
International Experts

Objectives: An association between the measles virus and Hodgkin lymphoma has been disclosed by our laboratory in Beer-Sheva, starting in 2003. We question the refutation of our study and the absence of interest among experts. Methodology: It was based on immunohistochemistry with commercial, as well as experimental anti-measles antibodies. It relied also on RT-PCR and in situ hybridization evidence of measles virus RNA. Key Results: At this stage (2004), the link between the virus and the lymphoma was essentially descriptive. The first and last response to our challenge appeared in 2007, in the form of doublet articles, in the same issue of a major cancer journal. The two European research groups responding, rejected categorically our findings by proposing different arguments. Major Conclusion: As reservations to these reactions became soon apparent, a series of papers from our laboratory were published. These articles concerned the evidence of a relationship between the measles virus and additional categories of cancers. Different malignancies in which this virus was not expressed at all, were also described. A further study suggested a mechanism by which the measles virus may activate lymphomagenesis in classic Hodgkin lymphoma. To our dismay, and in spite of repeated calls to verify the various results, no further response was obtained from international experts.

scholarly journals TUMOR CELL ABUNDANCE IN CLASSIC HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Daniel Benharroch
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

OBJECTIVES: Study the relevance of a high proportion of tumor cells to the clinical and biological properties of classic Hodgkin lymphoma. METHODS: Tumor cells were counted in sections of the lymphoma stained with CD30,as this highlights the tumor cells of this neoplasm.We assessed abundant malignant cells (≥99 cells/10 high power fields) as the median count of tumor cells. RESULTS: A wealth of tumor cells was detected in 61 (52.1%) patients, in contrast with 56 (47.9%) patients with a low count.No clinical variance was found between cases rich or poor in malignant cells,except for a statistically significant preference of a high rate of tumor cells for female patients as well as for a high expression of measles virus antigens.The apoptotic tumor cell distribution showed no major disparity with the neoplasm characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The entire type spectrum of Hodgkin lymphoma as evaluated by the tumor cell count has no direct bearing on the course of the lymphoma. But there might be indirect evidence for an association of a high tumor cell count,female preference,a strong expression of measles virus antigens and a poor prognosis

Persistent Measles Virus Infection and Otosclerosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Arnold ◽  
Hans P. Niedermeyer ◽  
Maria Schuster ◽  
Wolfgang J. Neubert ◽  
Christa Baumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Otic Capsule ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
H Protein ◽  
Antibody Pattern

The cause of otosclerosis is still unknown. Recently, measles virus involvement has been implicated. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of measles virus RNA within the otosclerotic focus and to evaluate the perilymphatic antibody pattern. Bone and perilymph specimens from 40 patients with the spontaneous form of otosclerosis and from control patients were investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot techniques, and cell culture. By the use of RT-PCR, measles virus RNA could be detected in 32 patients, but not in controls. Analysis of perilymph revealed the presence of antibodies to N, F1, and M measles virus proteins in all cases, and antibodies against H protein in 2 additional cases. In preosteoblasts cultured from otosclerotic bone chips, no measles virus RNA could be amplified. We conclude that the spontaneous form of otosclerosis is, in the vast majority of cases, a measles virus-associated disease of the otic capsule.

scholarly journals Epstein Barr Virus in childhood and adolescent classical Hodgkin lymphoma in a French cohort of 301 patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Pereira ◽  
Sabah Boudjemaa ◽  
Caroline Besson ◽  
Thierry Leblanc ◽  
Charlotte Rigaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Epstein Barr

To analyze the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the biological and clinical characteristics of patients treated for classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) in France. Bio-pathological data of 301 patients treated for a cHL in or according to the protocol of the EuroNet PHL-C1 trial between November 2008 and February 2013 were centrally reviewed. Median age at diagnosis was 14 [3-18] years and the F/M ratio 0.86, 0.47 before 10 years and 0.9 from 11 to 18. CHL subtypes were nodular sclerosis for 266/301 (88%) patients, mixed cellularity for 22/301 (7%), lymphocyte rich for 2/301 (1%), and 11/301 were unclassified. EBV expression in situ (EBV cHL) was observed for 68/301 (23%) patients, significantly associated with MC subtype and male gender, and there was a trend with age <10 years, it was particularly overrepresented in boys below 10 years: 15/23 (65%) vs 28/139 among other male patients (20%). Event-free and overall survival were equivalent between EBV and non-EBV cHL patients. EBV viral load was tested for 108/301 patients and detectable in 22/108 (22%) cases. A positive viral load was overrepresented in EBV cHL versus non-EBV cHL patients: 13/28 (46%) vs 9/80 (11%). Detailed semi-quantitative histological analysis showed a high number of B-cell residual follicles in EBV cHL and no significant association with CD 20 or PAX 5 immunostaining in tumoral cells relative to EBV-negative HL. Distribution of EBV cHL in children and adolescents is associated with young age and male gender, suggesting a specific physiopathology and may require a differential therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Measles Virus RNA Detected in Paget's Disease Bone Tissue by in situ Hybridization

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Basle ◽  
J. G. Fournier ◽  
S. Rozenblatt ◽  
A. Rebel ◽  
M. Bouteille
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Paget’S Disease ◽  
Paget's Disease ◽  
Virus Rna

Absence of Measles Virus Detection from Stapes of Patients with Otosclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de Lourdes Flores-García ◽  
Claudia Adriana Colín-Castro ◽  
Mario Sabas Hernández-Palestina ◽  
Roberto Sánchez-Larios ◽  
Rafael Franco-Cendejas
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
N 93

Objective To determine molecularly the presence of measles virus genetic material in the stapes of patients with otosclerosis. Study Design A cross-sectional study. Setting A tertiary referral hospital. Subjects and Methods Genetic material was extracted from the stapes of patients with otosclerosis (n = 93) during the period from March 2011 to April 2012. The presence of viral measles sequences was evaluated by the real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of the CD46 gene was determined. Results Ninety-three patients were included in the study. No sample was positive for any of 3 measles virus genes (H, N, and F). Measles virus RNA was not detected in any sample by real-time RT-PCR. CD46 levels were positive in 3.3% (n = 3) and negative in 96.7% (n = 90). Conclusion This study does not support the theory of measles virus as the cause of otosclerosis. It is necessary to do more research about other causal theories to clarify its etiology and prevention.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Tumor Microenvironment By Quantitative Immunohistochemistry Reveals Novel Predictors in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated with Anti-PD1 Therapy

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4530-4530
Author(s):  
Hui Yu ◽  
Jiali Ni ◽  
Zhenchang Sun ◽  
Mingzhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Tumor Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Single Factor Analysis ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) is characterized histologically by the presence of neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells surrounded by mixed immune cells. Anti-PD-1 therapy is the principal treatment option for relapsed or refractory cHL. To reveal biomarkers for predicting the cHL patients' responses to immunotherapy, pathological tissues of twenty patients with cHL who have been treated with anti-PD1 therapy were collected. Tumor immune microenvironment was investigated by immunostaining and quantitative measurement of CD68 (for macrophages), CD8 (for cytotoxic T-cells), FoxP3 (for Treg), PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression levels. The in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBER-ISH) were also performed. The results showed that the main immune indicators of the tumor microenvironment we had tested were independent of the histological subtypes. Patients who were positive for EBER-ISH had higher mean density of PD-L1 than those were negative for EBER-ISH. Single-factor analysis revealed the high expression of PD-L1 and positive EBER-ISH were associated with significantly increased 2-year PFS in cHL treated with anti-PD1, while CD68, CD8, FoxP3, PD-1 and PD-L2 were not. Therefore, we propose that PD-L1 and EBER-ISH may serve as novel predictors for the treatment outcomes of cHL patients with anti-PD1 therapy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Results of isolation and genotyping of measles viruses that circulated in 2012–2017 in the Odesa region

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
T.L. Hrydina ◽  
V.O. Honcharov ◽  
L.S. Kotlik ◽  
O.V. Skopenko ◽  
O.A. Hruzevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
State Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Regional Laboratory ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Southern Ukraine

Background. The circulation of different strains of the measles virus is closely related to the region and the incidence rate since circulating strains can change during epidemic outbreaks and in interepidemic periods. According to the WHO, the B3 strain is most common during outbreaks worldwide. Therefore, typing of circulating strains of measles virus, especially during an epidemic outbreak, is an important process, inclu­ding for predicting the development of an epidemic. The study was aimed to identify and determine the genotype of measles virus types that circulate in Ukraine during 2012–2019. Materials and methods. Materials of the reporting documentation of the State Institution “Odessa Regional Laboratory Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine” in the Odessa region during 2012–2019 were used and analyzed. Materials from patients with suspected measles were used for molecular biological, genetic, analytical, and statistical approaches investigation. Following the standard WHO protocol for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, circulating measles virus strains were isolated from the patient in a special culture of Vero/SLAM cells. Measles virus RNA was isolated from the resulting virus-containing material after cultivation and RT-PCR was performed. The resulting cDNA was sent for genotyping, which was carried out at the WHO reference labo­ratory for the diagnosis of measles and rubella in Luxembourg (WHO RRL). Results. Twenty strains of measles virus from 45 samples (urine and nasopharyngeal swabs) from patients diagnosed with measles were isolated during 2012–2014. Virus isolation was not carried out in 2015–2016 due to isolated cases of the disease. Twenty-four virus strains from 164 samples were isolated in 2017. Conclusions. The results obtained at the State Institution “Odessa Regional Laboratory Center” demonstrated that during the interepidemic period of 2012–2014, the D4 geno­type circulated in the region. But since 2017, when there was an increas of cases associated with a new epidemic outbreak, B3, genetic line MVs/Kabul.AFG/20.2014/3 B3 mainly circulates in the region of southern Ukraine. As you can see, these data completely coin­cide with the data about circulating genotypes that were found at a certain time in the European Region, according to the data from the literature.

Detection of Nucleic Acids in Cells or Tissue Sections Using In situ Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
J. R. Hully ◽  
K. R. Luehrsen ◽  
K. Aoyagi ◽  
C. Shoemaker ◽  
R. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Cellular Source ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Initial Description ◽  
In Cells

The development of PCR technology has greatly accelerated medical research at the genetic and molecular levels. Until recently, the inherent sensitivity of this technique has been limited to isolated preparations of nucleic acids which lack or at best have limited morphological information. With the obvious exception of cell lines, traditional PCR or reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) cannot identify the cellular source of the amplified product. In contrast, in situ hybridization (ISH) by definition, defines the anatomical location of a gene and/or it’s product. However, this technique lacks the sensitivity of PCR and cannot routinely detect less than 10 to 20 copies per cell. Consequently, the localization of rare transcripts, latent viral infections, foreign or altered genes cannot be identified by this technique. In situ PCR or in situ RT-PCR is a combination of the two techniques, exploiting the sensitivity of PCR and the anatomical definition provided by ISH. Since it’s initial description considerable advances have been made in the application of in situ PCR, improvements in protocols, and the development of hardware dedicated to in situ PCR using conventional microscope slides. Our understanding of the importance of viral latency or viral burden in regards to HIV, HPV, and KSHV infections has benefited from this technique, enabling detection of single viral copies in cells or tissue otherwise thought to be normal. Clearly, this technique will be useful tool in pathobiology especially carcinogenesis, gene therapy and manipulations, the study of rare gene transcripts, and forensics.

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