Comparison of Microwave-Assisted Extraction to Soxhlet Extraction of Mango Seed Kernel Oil using Ethanol and n-Hexane as Solvents

Mango seed kernel oil was extracted by Soxhlet Extraction (SE) and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) with ethanol and n-hexane as extraction solvents. To optimize the extraction condition for SE, the temperature was set to 90°C for ethanol and 80°C for n-hexane with varying solvent-to-feed ratios (S/F ratio) of 75/12, 75/10, and 60/6 mL/g. As for MAE, the same S/F ratios were considered. Extraction was done for 5, 10, and 15 minutes with microwave power levels of 120 and 240 W. It was found out that the highest yield per extraction process for SE was: 18.00±0.25 % and 9.38±2.03 % using ethanol and n-hexane, respectively; and 6.69±0.05 % and 4.68±0.06 %using ethanol and n-hexane, respectively for MAE. It was also noted that MAE, with the microwave power level of 120 W has less extraction time for about 15 minutes as compared to SE of 8 hours. Also, the best S/F ratio in this study is 60/6 for all processes. In oil quality determination, the oil extracted was examined through several tests such as FTIR, GC-MS, acid value, % FFA, iodine value, saponification value, and melting point. It was noted that oil extracted in ethanol has a better yield compared to that of n-hexane but the oil extracted using n-hexane would provide superior quality.

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Comparison of microwave-assisted extraction of aloe-emodin in aloe with Soxhlet extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction

Science China Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s11426-010-4017-9 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 231-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

GuiHua Wang ◽

Ping Su ◽

Fan Zhang ◽

XiangYan Hou ◽

Yi Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Aloe Emodin ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

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Microwave-assisted extraction of non-polar compounds from pistachio hull and characterization of extracts

Grasas y Aceites ◽

10.3989/gya.0217181 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 260 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. N. Özbek ◽

D. Koçak Yanık ◽

S. Fadıloğlu ◽

H. Keskin Çavdar ◽

F. Göğüş

Keyword(s):

Microwave Power ◽

Polar Compounds ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Tocopherol Content ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction

Soxhlet and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) methods were used to obtain non-polar compounds from pistachio hull. MAE parameters (liquid to solid ratio, microwave power, and extraction time) were studied to obtain maximum extraction yield. The optimal conditions were found to be liquid to solid ratio of 15:1 (v/w), microwave power of 250 W and extraction time of 12.5 min. The extraction yields were 9.81 and 9.50% for MAE and Soxhlet methods, respectively. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and tocopherol content of the extract obtained by MAE was found to be significantly higher than those of the Soxhlet extract (p < 0.05). The results showed that the extract contained α-tocopherols (567.65 mg/kg) and oleic acid (48.46%) as the major tocopherols and fatty acids. These findings propose that hull extracts can be considered as a good source of natural bioactive compounds and MAE can be a good alternative to the traditional Soxhlet method.

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Evaluation of Microwave-Assisted Extraction for the Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in Fish

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/91.5.1124 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 1124-1129 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Takamitsu Otake ◽

Yoshie Aoyagi ◽

Masahiko Numata ◽

Takashi Yarita

Keyword(s):

Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽

Organochlorine Pesticides ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Isotope Dilution Method ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction

Abstract The efficiency of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was evaluated for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in fish. An isotope dilution method was used for quantification via analysis of the samples by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. MAE solvent, temperature, and time were optimized, and observed concentrations were compared. The MAE results were also compared to those of other extraction techniques (Soxhlet extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, saponification, and homogenization). Concentrations of PCBs and OCPs obtained by MAE at 120C for 10 min were comparable to those by the other techniques. The results suggest that MAE can be used for the analysis of PCBs and OCPs in fish.

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Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction based on absorbed microwave power and energy

Chemical Engineering Science ◽

10.1016/j.ces.2014.02.011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 41-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Chung-Hung Chan ◽

Rozita Yusoff ◽

Gek-Cheng Ngoh

Keyword(s):

Microwave Power ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Power And Energy

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Microwave-Assisted Extraction as an Alternative to Soxhlet, Sonication, and Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/79.1.142 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 142-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Viorica Lopez-A Vila ◽

Richard Young ◽

Nataly Teplitsky

Keyword(s):

Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽

Supercritical Fluid ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Standard Reference Materials ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Fluid Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Spiked Soil ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Relative Standard

Abstract Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), Soxhlet, soni cation, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) were compared in their ability to extract 95 compounds listed in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 8250. Freshly spiked soil samples and 2 standard reference materials were extracted with hexane-acetone (1 + 1) by MAE and Soxhlet extraction, with methylene chloride-acetone (1 + 1) by sonication extraction, and with supercritical carbondioxide modified with 10% methanol by SFE. Results indicate that MAE is a promising extraction technique. Of 94 compounds for which we are reporting data, 51 compounds gave MAE recoveries of >80%; 33,50-79%; 8,20-49%; and 2, <19%. Soxhlet extraction gave very similar results: 50 recoveries were >80%; 32,50-79%; 8,20-49%; and 4, <19%. Sonica tion recoveries were slightly higher: 63 values were >80%; 25,50-79%; 4,20-49%; and 2, <19%. SFE recoveries were the lowest: 37 values were >80%; 37, 50-79%; 12,20-49%, and 8, <19%. MAE gave the best precision: relative standard deviations (RSDs) were <10% for 90 of 94 compounds. Soxhlet extraction gave the worst precision: only 52 of 94 samples gave RSDs ≤10%. Although MAE looks promising, 15 polar basic compounds extracted at 115°C with hexane acetone for 10 min (1000 W power) gave poor recoveries. Because no technique gave acceptable recoveries for these polar compounds, we investigated their extraction with MAE using acetonitrile at 50° and 115°C. Ten of the 15 compounds were quantitatively recovered (>70%) with acetonitrile at 115°C.

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Effects of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions on Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.)

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9080678 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Ao Shang ◽

Min Luo ◽

Ren-You Gan ◽

Xiao-Yu Xu ◽

Yu Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Sample Ratio

In this study, the effects of microwave-assisted extraction conditions on antioxidant capacity of sweet tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.) were studied and the antioxidants in the extract were identified. The influences of ethanol concentration, solvent-to-sample ratio, microwave power, extraction temperature and extraction time on Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) value, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value and total phenolic content (TPC) were investigated by single-factor experiments. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the interaction of three parameters which had significant influences on antioxidant capacity including ethanol concentration, solvent-to-sample ratio and extraction time. The optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidants from sweet tea were found as follows—ethanol concentration of 58.43% (v/v), solvent-to-sample ratio of 35.39:1 mL/g, extraction time of 25.26 min, extraction temperature of 50 ℃ and microwave power of 600 W. The FRAP, TEAC and TPC values of the extract under the optimal conditions were 381.29 ± 4.42 μM Fe(II)/g dry weight (DW), 613.11 ± 9.32 μM Trolox/g DW and 135.94 ± 0.52 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW, respectively. In addition, the major antioxidant components in the extract were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), including phlorizin, phloretin and trilobatin. The crude extract could be used as food additives or developed into functional food for the prevention and management of oxidative stress-related diseases.

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