Extraction of Phytosterol Concentration in Different Legume Pods by Using Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation

The traditional ways in the extraction of bioactive compounds using conventional methods are disadvantageous from both economic and environmental perspectives. In this, the potential of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation conditions for extraction of phytosterol from legume pods was investigated. Salkowski test performed on the legume pod has shown the reddish brown in all sample which confirmed the presence of phytosterol qualitatively. Liebermann-Burchard procedure and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) apparatus were used to study the concentration of phytosterol at different extraction parameters which are temperature (25–80 °C), solvent concentration (50–100% v/v), irradiation time (1–10 min) and microwave power (400–800 W). The optimal conditions for highest yield of extract (0.219 mg/L) were obtained at a microwave power of 600 W, the irradiation time of 6 min, and ethanol concentration of 75% v/v. Results obtained in this study have shown the capability of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation in the extraction of phytosterol from legume pod. Further works are nevertheless required to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved to facilitate the development of an optimum system applicable to the industry.

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Effects of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions on Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.)

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9080678 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Ao Shang ◽

Min Luo ◽

Ren-You Gan ◽

Xiao-Yu Xu ◽

Yu Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Sample Ratio

In this study, the effects of microwave-assisted extraction conditions on antioxidant capacity of sweet tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.) were studied and the antioxidants in the extract were identified. The influences of ethanol concentration, solvent-to-sample ratio, microwave power, extraction temperature and extraction time on Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) value, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value and total phenolic content (TPC) were investigated by single-factor experiments. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the interaction of three parameters which had significant influences on antioxidant capacity including ethanol concentration, solvent-to-sample ratio and extraction time. The optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidants from sweet tea were found as follows—ethanol concentration of 58.43% (v/v), solvent-to-sample ratio of 35.39:1 mL/g, extraction time of 25.26 min, extraction temperature of 50 ℃ and microwave power of 600 W. The FRAP, TEAC and TPC values of the extract under the optimal conditions were 381.29 ± 4.42 μM Fe(II)/g dry weight (DW), 613.11 ± 9.32 μM Trolox/g DW and 135.94 ± 0.52 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW, respectively. In addition, the major antioxidant components in the extract were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), including phlorizin, phloretin and trilobatin. The crude extract could be used as food additives or developed into functional food for the prevention and management of oxidative stress-related diseases.

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Screening of Microwave-Assisted-Batch Extraction Parameters for Recovering Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents from Chromolaena odorata Leaves through Two-Level Factorial Design

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.40863 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 511 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Oluwaseun Ruth Alara ◽

Abdurahman Hamid Nour ◽

Siti Kholijah Binti Abdul Mudalip

Keyword(s):

Factorial Design ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Power Level ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Microwave Power Level

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of phenolic compounds from Chromolaena odorata leaves was investigated using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and two-level factorial design. The MAE parameters studied were irradiation time (A: 1–5 min); microwave power level (B: 400-800 W); extraction temperature (C: 60–80 °C); solvent/feed ratio (D: 8:1–14:1 mL/g); and ethanol concentration (E: 20–60% v/v). The optima yields of TPC and TFC were 56.13 mg GAE/g d.w. and 44.78 mg QE/g d.w., respectively were achieved from MAE of C. odorata leaf at irradiation time of 2 min, microwave power of 600 W, temperature of 60 °C, solvent:feed ratio of 10:1 mL/g, and ethanol concentration of 40% v/v through one-factor-at-time (OFAT) experimental trials. The results obtained from a two-level factorial design experiments reflected that only ethanol concentration (20–60% v/v), irradiation time (1–5 min) and microwave power level (400–800 W) had significant effects on the yields of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) from C. odorata leaves (p < 0.05). However, temperature and solvent/feed ratio was not significant. In addition, the interactions AB (irradiation time and microwave power) and AE (irradiation time and ethanol concentration) contributed greatly to the recovery yields.

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Influences of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Parameters on Antioxidant Activity of the Extract from Akebia trifoliata Peels

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061432 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1432

Author(s):

Min Luo ◽

Dan-Dan Zhou ◽

Ao Shang ◽

Ren-You Gan ◽

Hua-Bin Li

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Extraction Parameters

Akebia trifoliata is a fruit with rich nutritional properties, and its peel is produced as a by-product. In this research, we investigated the influences of microwave-assisted extraction parameters on antioxidant activity of the extract from Akebia trifoliata peels, and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) as well as total phenolic contents (TPC) were used to optimize extraction parameters. The influences of ethanol concentration, microwave power and solvent-to-material ratio, as well as extraction temperature and time on TPC, FRAP and TEAC values, were assessed using single-factor tests. Three parameters with obvious effects on antioxidant capacity were selected to further investigate their interactions by response surface methodology. The optimal extraction parameters of natural antioxidants from Akebia trifoliata peels were ethanol concentration, 49.61% (v/v); solvent-to-material ratio, 32.59:1 mL/g; extraction time, 39.31 min; microwave power, 500 W; and extraction temperature, 50 °C. Under optimal conditions, the FRAP, TEAC and TPC values of Akebia trifoliata peel extracts were 351.86 ± 9.47 µM Fe(II)/g dry weight (DW), 191.12 ± 3.53 µM Trolox/g DW and 32.67 ± 0.90 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW, respectively. Furthermore, the main bioactive compounds (chlorogenic acid, rutin and ellagic acid) in the extract were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results are useful for the full utilization of the by-product from Akebia trifoliate fruit.

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TWO LEVEL FACTORIAL SCREENING OF MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION PARAMETERS FOR THE RECOVERY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM VERNONIA CINEREA LEAF

Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology ◽

10.15282/jceib.v5i1.3887 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 16-28

Author(s):

Oluwaseun Ruth Alara ◽

Nour Hamid Abdurahman ◽

John Adewole Alara

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Vernonia Cinerea ◽

Phenolics Compounds

Vernonia cinerea is one of the medicinal plants with several potentials for treating different ailments. In the present study, Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was employed in extracting phenolics compounds from this plant. However, different factors that affect this extraction method in the recovery of phenolics compounds abound, these factors need to be screened to determine actual contributing factor in order to minimize cost. Irradiation time (1-5 min), ethanol concentration (20-60% v/v), microwave power (40-80 W), extraction temperature (40-80 oC), and feed/solvent (1:10 - 1:18 g/mL) have been screened using two-factorial design for the recoveries of phenolic compounds from V. cinerea leaves. The results obtained in this study indicated that only microwave power, ethanol concentration, irradiation time and feed/solvent contributed to recoveries of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) from V. cinerea leaves. Thus, these factors at these ranges can be further optimized to obtain optimal yields of phenolic compounds from V. cinerea leaves.

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Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of carotenoids from Citrus clementina peels

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407218666211230152122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Ahcene Kadi ◽

Hafid Boudries ◽

Mostapha Bachir-bey ◽

Mohand Teffane ◽

Abdeslem Taibi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microwave Power ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Citrus Clementina ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Hexane Concentration

Background: Citrus fruits, especially clementines, are among the most consumed fruits in the world. Clementine consists of pulp (endocarp) and peel (epicarp) which are rich in carotenoids. After using fruit pulp, peels are usually discarded as waste; the valorization of the latter in the recovery of its beneficial components, mainly carotenoids, may seem to be important. Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine the optimal conditions allowing the extraction of a high carotenoids yield from clementine peels. Methods: The microwave-assisted extraction method (MAE) was applied for extraction of total carotenoids from Citrus clementina peels, and the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the influence of extraction parameters, including hexane concentration, microwave power, irradiation time, and solvent to solid ratio, on the extraction yield, then the results were modeled using a second order regression. Total carotenoids yield of clementine peel extract obtained under optimal microwave-assisted extraction conditions was compared to extracts performed using two conventional extraction methods (maceration and Soxhlet). Results: The optimal conditions for microwave-assisted extraction were 68% of hexane concentration using 561 W of microwave power during 7.64 min of irradiation time, 43 ml/g of solvent-to-solid ratio using two successive extractions. Under optimized conditions of microwave-assisted extraction, the recovery of carotenoid content was 186.55 µg/g dry matter (DM), which was higher than that obtained by the two conventional methods, maceration extraction (ME; 160.53 µg/g DM) and Soxhlet extraction (SE; 162.68 µg/g DM). Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that microwave-assisted extraction is an efficient method for carotenoid recovery and considering its high yield in reduced time, it could be recommended for extraction of these bioactive compounds from clementine peels.

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Optimisation of microwave-assisted extraction from Phyllanthus amarus for phenolic compounds-enriched extracts and antioxidant capacity

Chemical Papers ◽

10.1515/chempap-2016-0009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Van T. Nguyen ◽

Michael C. Bowyer ◽

Ian A. van Altena ◽

Christopher J. Scarlett

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Pharmacological Activity ◽

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Phyllanthus Amarus ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Extraction Parameters

Abstractis known as a healing herb which has traditionally been used in the treatment of various diseases such as hepatitis, diabetes and cancer. The extraction parameters have great effects on the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds and pharmacological activity of the extracts. This study sought to optimise the microwave-assisted extraction parameters for phenolic compounds-enriched extracts and antioxidant capacity from

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Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Chlorophyll from Filter Mud of Sugercane Mill and Component Analysis

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.430 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 430-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hai Rong Guo ◽

Shao Ying Ma ◽

Xiao Fei Wang ◽

Er Fang Ren ◽

Yuan Yuan Li

Keyword(s):

Irradiation Time ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Conventional Extraction ◽

Filter Mud ◽

Strong Absorption Peak

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used to extract chlorophylls from filter mud. Ethanol was used as the solvent. The optimal conditions for the MAE of chlorophylls were concluded from the study as the irradiation time, 50 s, the ratio of liquid to solid, 8:1 (mL/g), the extraction temperature, 40 °C, and the extraction time, 60 min. Compared with conventional extraction, the MAE of chlorophylls from the filter mud was more effective. The extraction time for MAE was 60 min with 0.277 mg/g chlorophyll yield, while conventional extraction needed 240 min with only about 0.259 mg/g chlorophyll yield. The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of the extracted chlorophylls showed that there was a strong absorption peak at about 663 nm. C=N, Mg-N and C-N was not seen existed from the infrared spectroscopy probably because that the mixed extracts were not purified and the chlorophyll content was less.

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Meso-mechanics simulation analysis of microwave-assisted mineral liberation

Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale ◽

10.3221/igf-esis.34.60 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Qin Like ◽

Dai Jun ◽

Yuan Liqun

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Microwave Irradiation ◽

Power Density ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Crystal Size ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Mineral Crystal ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Time And Energy

Microwave-assisted crushing and grinding can improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption. This paper takes rock grains with galena and calcite as the research object to establish a two-dimensional computational model through the finite difference software FLAC2D. It analyzes the process and law of mineral boundary failure under microwave irradiation, and assesses the effects of four factors, namely, microwave irradiation time, power density, mineral crystal size, and mineral content, on mineral boundary failure. Results indicate an optimal microwave irradiation period for the rapid failure of mineral boundary. Moreover, irradiation time and energy consumption can be reduced by increasing the microwave power density. However, irradiation time and energy consumption are basically unchanged when the microwave power density is above a certain threshold. Mineral content slightly affects the microwave irradiation time, whereas mineral crystal size significantly affects the microwave irradiation time. In addition, a larger-sized mineral crystal requires less irradiation time and energy consumption to reach the same failure rate. However, irradiation time and energy consumption slightly change when the crystal size is larger than a certain value.

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Study on Technology for Obtaining Quercetin from Linifolius Conyza by Microwave-Assisted Extraction

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1817 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 550-553 ◽

pp. 1817-1820

Author(s):

Wei Guang Zhang ◽

Ji Hong Liang ◽

You Jie Cai

Keyword(s):

Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Single Factor ◽

Solvent Concentration ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Time ◽

Microwave Assisted Method

Determination of quercetin from Linifolius Conyza by microwave-assisted extraction and absorption spectroscopy was reported. The effects of solvent concentration, microwave time, ratio of solution to solid and microwave-assisted extraction pressure were evaluated by single factor experiments. The extraction conditions of quercetin from Linifolius Conyza by microwave -assisted method were optimized: ethanol concentration is 70 %( V/ V); microwave time is 5 minutes ; ratio of solution to solid is 45:1 and microwave-assisted extraction pressure is 500kPa . microwave - assisted extraction and absorption spectroscopy was simple and accurate with good reproducibility.

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Treatment of Acidic Wastewater by Microwave Irradiation Fenton’s Reagent

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1680 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 864-867 ◽

pp. 1680-1683

Author(s):

Xiao Tong Guan ◽

Da Wei Yu

Keyword(s):

Microwave Irradiation ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Fenton’S Reagent ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Fenton's Reagent ◽

Secondary Pollution ◽

Cod Removal Rate ◽

Acidic Wastewater

Acidic wastewater was treated by microwave irradiation Fenton’s reagent, the effect factors: initial concentration of wastewater, dosage of H2O2, microwave irradiation time, microwave power and pH on Acidic wastewater were investigated. The optimal conditions of operation are determined as follows: microwave power is 480W, microwave irradiation time is 5min, H2O2 is 2.0mL and FeSO4 is 0.07g, pH=1. Under these conditions, the COD removal rate is 90.15% for 50mL Acidic wastewater（be diluted ten times）.The result of wastewater treated by microwave irradiation Fenton’s reagent is obvious, and without secondary pollution to environment.

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