Utilization of Psychotropic Medications and Polypharmacy Among Adults in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia

Globally, there has been a surge in the prevalence of mental health disorders, not excluding Saudi Arabia. The availability of newer psychotropic medications has led to increased prescribing and polypharmacy. In Saudi Arabia, exploration of the knowledge gap between the outpatient use of psychotropic medications and the extent of polypharmacy has been scarce in the literature. This study evaluated the prescription pattern of psychotropic medications and the prevalence of psychotropic polypharmacy among adult patients with behavioral/mental illnesses. The study was conducted in the psychiatric outpatient clinics of five hospitals in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with a non-random sample of adults with behavioral/mental illnesses. Psychotropic polypharmacy was the presence of ≥2 psychotropic medication prescriptions. We conducted multivariable logistic regression models to examine the factors associated with psychotropic polypharmacy. A total of 3.052 adults with a behavioral/mental illness were included in the study. Of these, 74.6% had antidepressant prescriptions. The second most prescribed drug class was antipsychotics (51.9%). Furthermore, 65.3% had psychotropic polypharmacy, and 48.2% had interclass psychotropic polypharmacy. Adults with anxiety and other mood disorders were less likely to engage in psychotropic polypharmacy and interclass polypharmacy use than those with depression. However, adults with schizophrenia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.91; p<0.001) were more likely to engage in interclass polypharmacy use than those with depression. Adults with behavioral/mental illnesses in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia have high rates of antidepressants and antipsychotics use. Additionally, psychotropic polypharmacy is a common prescribing practice, and further evaluation of the safety profile of these combinations is warranted.

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Factors associated with the performance of episiotomy

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0899 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (suppl 4) ◽

Author(s):

Bruna Menezes Aguiar ◽

Thales Philipe Rodrigues da Silva ◽

Samire Lopes Pereira ◽

Ana Maria Magalhães Sousa ◽

Roberta Barbosa Guerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Private Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Absolute Contraindication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Younger Women ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Belo Horizonte ◽

Primiparous Women

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the performance of episiotomy. Methods: Cross-sectional study, developed with data from the research “Born in Belo Horizonte: Labor and birth survey, “conducted with 577 women who had their children via vaginal birth. In order to verify the magnitude of the association between episiotomy and its possible determinants, logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the odds ratio. Results: Episiotomy was performed in 26.34% of women, and 59.21% knew they had been subjected to it. We observed that younger women, primiparous women, women assisted by a professional other than the obstetric nurse and women who had their babies in a private hospital have an increased chance of being submitted to this procedure. Conclusion: Considering the rates of episiotomy, this study highlights the need for the absolute contraindication to indiscriminate performing it.

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The multimorbidity of hypertension and osteoarthritis and relation with sleep quality and hyperlipemia/hyperglycemia in China’s rural population

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96523-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Li Ran ◽

Qi Chen ◽

Jingyi Zhang ◽

Xinlong Tu ◽

Xiaodong Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Regression Models ◽

Joint Effect ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Additive Interaction ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Remote Rural Area

AbstractHypertension (HTN) and osteoarthritis (OA) are frequent in middle-aged and elderly people, and the co-occurrence of these two diseases is common. However, the pathogenesis of the multimorbidity of both diseases and the relation with sleep quality, hyperlipemia, and hyperglycemia is unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study to make sense of the multimorbidity of HTN and OA and the relation with sleep quality, hyperlipemia, and hyperglycemia. The relation between sleep quality and OA and its joint effect with hyperlipemia or hyperglycemia was evaluated with logistic regression models. The additive interaction was assessed with the relative excess risk due to interaction (REEI), the attributable proportion (AP), and the synergy index (S). According to this research in a remote rural area, approximately 34.2% of HTN patients are accompanied with OA and 49.1% are suffering poor sleep. Both hyperlipemia/hyperglycemia and sleep quality were related to OA prevalence with crude ORs of 1.43 (95% CI 1.014–2.029) and 1.89 (95% CI 1.411–2.519, P < 0.001) respectively. An observed additive effect was found greater than the sum of the effects of sleep quality and hyperlipemia/hyperglycemia posed on OA prevalence alone. This additive interaction was observed in females (OR = 3.19, 95% CI 1.945–5.237) as well as males ≥ 65 years old (OR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.693–4.557), with RERI, AP, and S significant. Therefore, poor sleep and hyperlipemia/hyperglycemia are associated with OA, and further studies on the additive interaction among females and males ≥ 65 are warranted.

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Awareness, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Meningococcal B Vaccine among Pediatricians in Italy

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina54060100 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

Pietro Ferrara ◽

Lucia Stromillo ◽

Luciana Albano

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccination Schedule ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

4Cmenb Vaccine

Background and objectives: Vaccination against bacterial pathogens is decisive for preventing invasive meningococcal disease and pediatricians play a pivotal role in vaccination compliance and coverage. The aim of this study was to investigate awareness, attitude, and practices toward the vaccine against Meningococcal B serogroup (4CMenB) among a sample of Italian pediatricians. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using an online questionnaire from March to May 2015. Three multivariate logistic regression models were built to identify factors associated with the outcomes of interest. Results: The data showed that 95.5% of the interviewees correctly responded about the availability of 4CMenB vaccine in Italy, while only 28.0% knew the vaccination schedule for children aged two years or under. This knowledge was significantly higher in younger pediatricians and in those who worked a higher number of hours per week. Pediatricians self-reported a positive attitude toward the utility and safety of 4CMenB vaccine. Those pediatricians with a strong positive attitude toward the utility of the vaccine, who knew the vaccination schedules for children of two years or under, and who declared a satisfactory or good knowledge about the vaccine were more likely to inform parents about its availability in Italy, recommend the vaccination, and verify patients’ vaccination status, in their daily practice. Conclusions: The study highlights factors that currently influence pediatricians’ practices regarding the 4CMenB vaccine. The results showed the possible actions recommended to improve physicians’ awareness and behaviors in order to improve the vaccination compliance and invasive meningococcal diseases prevention.

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1384Factors related to neck and shoulder pain during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.648 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sayo Tanaka ◽

Sachiko Ohde ◽

Kota Katanoda ◽

Sarah Krull Abe ◽

Takahiro Tabuchi

Keyword(s):

Shoulder Pain ◽

Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Internet Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Shoulder Stiffness ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Health Measures ◽

Neck And Shoulder Pain

Abstract Background Shoulder stiffness is a common health issue in Japan. During the COVID-19 pandemic, people were forced to stay home which possibly escalated the development of shoulder stiffness. We aimed to assess associations of lifestyle changes and newly developed neck and shoulder pain (NSP) during the pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing the data from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS), an internet survey conducted from August to September 2020. Data included sociodemographic, lifestyle and health measures related to NSP during the pandemic. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to calculate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for newly developed NSP with adjustment for lifestyle, physiological and psychosocial changes. Results After exclusion of participants with existing pain, 25,482 participants (12,673 male, 12,809 female) aged 15-79 years were included in the analysis. Of these, 4.1% reported newly developed NSP. Weight gain and long sedentary time were strongly associated with the NSP (AOR (95%CI): 2.4 (2.0-2.8) and 1.81 (1.4-2.3)). Stratified analyses of 1,751 students and 4,211 teleworkers showed significant associations (AOR (95%CI): 2.1 (1.4-2.8) and 2.5 (1.9-3.2)) compared to non-workers and non-teleworkers, respectively. Conclusions Students and teleworkers became prone to NSP during the pandemic. However, factors which were associated to pain did not differ during the pandemic compared with the previous studies. Key messages Preventive measures for NSP should be taken in students and teleworkers.

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Association between Eating Away from Home and Hyperuricemia: A Population-Based Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in China

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/2792681 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zifeng Liu ◽

Xiaoting Su ◽

Mianli Xiao ◽

Peien Zhou ◽

Jianwei Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Home Food

Hyperuricemia (HU) is a risk factor for different kinds of chronic noncommunicable diseases, and eating away from home (EAFH) may play an important role in their development, which has been ignored greatly so far. This study aimed to investigate the association between EAFH and HU in different models. A cross-sectional study involving 8,322 participants of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) was conducted. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. We found that participants who consumed more away-from-home food had a higher risk for HU, and the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) (for each increment in grades of EAFH) were 1.11 (1.02, 1.20) in a multiadjusted model (adjusted for age, gender, province, net individual income, body mass index, smoking, leisure-time physical activities, energy intake, and sleep duration). As for stratified analyses, the aOR (95% CI) of EAFH was 1.12 (1.01, 1.24) for men and 1.06 (0.92, 1.21) for women. Similar results can be found in the middle-aged and obese population, with aOR (95% CI) of EAFH as 1.17 (1.05, 1.30) and 1.15 (1.03, 1.29), respectively. In conclusion, EAFH is positively associated with the prevalence of HU.

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Factors associated with workability in Spanish health centre workers

Occupational Medicine ◽

10.1093/occmed/kqaa206 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

I Mateo-Rodríguez ◽

E Knox ◽

A Daponte-Codina ◽

Keyword(s):

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Health Centre ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Work And Family ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Spanish Health

Abstract Background The concept of workability provides a conceptual framework and proposes measures for the evaluation of relevant actions focused on a healthy workforce. In Spain, one of the countries with the highest life expectancy, there are practically no scientific studies on workability and its associated factors. Aims The objective of this study is to examine the associations between workability and variables related to health and work in a sample of workers from Spanish health centres. Methods Cross-sectional study including 1184 health centre workers who completed a questionnaire at baseline, comprising measures of workability, health and other work-related factors. Workability has been analysed as a one-factor construct, and as a two-factor construct. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyse factors associated with workability. Results As a one-dimensional construct, workability is associated with physical and mental health, number of hours of worked, insomnia, work and family life balance, adequate training, never having had an accident and type of contract. When the two-factor measure was used, sensitivity of findings increased, and it was identified that those participants who were older, lived alone and have more years of service in their profession also show worse workability. Conclusions The present study identified factors associated with the workability of health centre workers. The two-factor workability index (WAI) has better psychometric properties and used in combination with the global measure of WAI, identifies important additional aspects, specifically, age and years of professional experience as additional considerations for the intervention.

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Ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of short telomeres in an elderly population of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqaa075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 111 (6) ◽

pp. 1259-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucia Alonso-Pedrero ◽

Ana Ojeda-Rodríguez ◽

Miguel A Martínez-González ◽

Guillermo Zalba ◽

Maira Bes-Rastrollo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

The Sun ◽

Processed Food ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

High Consumption ◽

Sun Project

Abstract Background Telomere length (TL) is a marker of biological age that may be affected by dietary factors through oxidation and inflammation mechanisms. In addition, ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has increased worldwide and it has been associated with the risk of developing several diseases. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and the risk of having short telomeres in an elderly population of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 886 participants (645 men and 241 women) aged 57–91 y recruited from the SUN Project (Spain, 1999–2018). TL was measured from saliva samples by real-time qPCR at baseline and UPF consumption was collected using a validated 136-item FFQ and classified according to the NOVA system. We evaluated the association between consumption of energy-adjusted UPF categorized into quartiles (low, medium-low, medium-high, and high consumption) and the risk of having short telomeres (<20th percentile) using logistic regression models. Results Those participants with the highest UPF consumption had almost twice the odds of having short telomeres compared with those with the lowest consumption (adjusted OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.05, 3.22; P-trend = 0.03). Conclusions A higher consumption of UPF (>3 servings/d) was associated with higher risk of having shorter telomeres in an elderly Spanish population of the SUN Project. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02669602.

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Gingivitis Susceptibility and its Relation to Periodontitis in Men

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/154405910608501213 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 85 (12) ◽

pp. 1134-1137 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

T. Dietrich ◽

E. Krall Kaye ◽

M.E. Nunn ◽

T. Van Dyke ◽

R.I. Garcia

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bleeding On Probing ◽

Attachment Loss ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Former Smokers

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether gingivitis susceptibility is associated with periodontitis. We analyzed data of 462 men in the VA Dental Longitudinal Study aged 47 to 92 years who had never smoked or had quit smoking 5+ years previously. Multiple logistic regression models, with tooth-level bleeding on probing at sites with attachment loss ≤ 2 mm as the dependent variable, were derived with adjustment for plaque, calculus, crown coverage, age, income, education, marital status, body mass index, diabetes, and vitamin C intake, and stratification by age (< 65, 65+ years). Periodontitis and mean attachment loss were positively associated with bleeding on probing, with stronger associations among men < 65 years old (for periodontitis, OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.5, 3.1) than men 65+ years of age (OR 1.2; 95% CI 0.9, 1.6). Our results suggest that among never and former smokers, gingivitis susceptibility is higher among men with periodontitis compared with that in men without periodontitis.

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Risk factors associated with cows' lying time, stall and cows' own cleanliness in smallholder dairy farms in Kenya

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.1085-1092 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1085-1092

Author(s):

E. K. Kathambi ◽

J. A. VanLeeuwen ◽

G. K. Gitau ◽

C. Kamunde

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Management Practices ◽

Production Systems ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Farm Level ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Mean ◽

Smallholder Dairy

Background and Aim: The welfare of animals kept in livestock production systems has raised concerns around the world. Adult dairy cattle require adequate rest and spend approximately 12 h/day lying down. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the stall factors and management practices affecting cows' lying time, stall cleanliness, and cows' cleanliness (udder and upper leg), in smallholder dairy cows in Meru County of Kenya. Materials and Methods: A total of 106 milking cows from 73 farms were assessed for daily lying time and cleanliness. Data loggers were used to record the lying time of cows for 3 days. Stall, udder, and upper leg cleanliness were assessed using a 5-score system: 1 (very clean) to 5 (very dirty). Management information was acquired using a questionnaire that was administered face-to-face to the farmers in their native Kimeru language. Univariable and multivariable linear and logistic regression models were fit to determine factors associated with cows' lying time and dichotomized stall and cows' own cleanliness, respectively. Results: The mean daily lying time was 10.9±2.2 h, and the mean stall cleanliness score was 2.4±1.0. The mean average cleanliness scores of the udder and upper legs were 1.9±0.7 and 2.5±1.1, respectively. Overall, 35% of the stalls were categorized as dirty (>2.5), whereas 13% and 47% of the cows had udder and leg cleanliness scores >2.5, respectively. From the final multivariable models (p<0.05), daily lying time increased by 1.0 h for cows older than 5.25 years versus younger cows. Conversely, lying time decreased by 1.0 h with stall cleanliness scores >2.5 and by 1.6 h with poorly positioned neck rails. In an interaction term, addition of new bedding at least once a day without removing stall manure at least once a day decreased the daily lying time of the cows by 1.5 h, whereas failure to add new bedding at least once a day but removing stall manure at least once a day decreased the lying time of the cows by 1.2 h. Farm-level risk factors for stall dirtiness (>2.5) included delayed cleaning of the alley (odds ratio [OR]=6.6, p=0.032), lack of bedding (OR=4.9, p=0.008), and standing idle and/or backward in the stall (OR=10.5, p=0.002). Stalls categorized as dirty (OR=2.9, p=0.041) and lack of bedding (OR=2.7, p=0.065) were cow- and farm-level risk factors for dirtiness of the udder (>2.5), respectively, whereas the stall being dirty (OR=2.3, p=0.043) was the only risk factor (cow level) for dirtiness of the upper legs (>2.5). Conclusion: It was recommended that farmers should pay attention to the specific factors identified regarding the stall design (e.g., neck rail position) and bedding/manure management that impact the cleanliness of cows and their lying time.

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“Yes, I’m interested in taking PrEP!”: PrEP interest among women respondents to the European community-based survey “Flash! PrEP in Europe”

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0246037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0246037

Author(s):

Rosemary M. Delabre ◽

Adeline Bernier ◽

Flor Sánchez ◽

Antoine Vilotitch ◽

Sophocles Chanos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Final Multivariable Model ◽

Cdc Guidelines ◽

Health Organization ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis

The World Health Organization recommends pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for all populations at substantial risk of HIV infection, including women. However, data regarding PrEP interest among women is lacking, particularly in Europe. Factors associated with interest in using PrEP were assessed among women respondents to the Flash! PrEP in Europe (FPIE) survey. This community-based cross-sectional study, conducted in 12 European countries, aimed to assess PrEP knowledge and interest. “High objective risk” (HOR) was assessed using established risk criteria following EACS and CDC guidelines. Factors associated with interest in using PrEP were assessed in univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Among 678 women, 12.5% (n = 85) were considered at HOR, 46.8% (n = 317) indicated prior PrEP knowledge and 18.0% (n = 122) reported interest in using PrEP. Among women at HOR, 40.0% (n = 34) were interested in PrEP. Factors significantly associated with PrEP interest in the final multivariable model were: younger age (18–29 years) (aOR 1.91[95CI: 1.07; 3.41]), bad self-perceived financial status (1.84[1.09; 3.11]), migrant status (south to north) (2.87[1.05; 7.89]), single or dating relationship status (1.93[1.23; 3.03]), sexual abuse history (1.86[1.17; 2.97]), “rather high”/ “high” self-perceived HIV risk (3.21[1.32; 7.81]), and HOR (2.49[1.42; 4.35]). These results show that women at HOR and those who perceived themselves to be at high risk are interested in using PrEP. There is a critical need for targeted information and improved access to PrEP to increase uptake of this HIV prevention tool to meet PrEP interest among women.

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