scholarly journals “Yes, I’m interested in taking PrEP!”: PrEP interest among women respondents to the European community-based survey “Flash! PrEP in Europe”

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246037
Author(s):  
Rosemary M. Delabre ◽  
Adeline Bernier ◽  
Flor Sánchez ◽  
Antoine Vilotitch ◽  
Sophocles Chanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Final Multivariable Model ◽  
Cdc Guidelines ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

The World Health Organization recommends pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for all populations at substantial risk of HIV infection, including women. However, data regarding PrEP interest among women is lacking, particularly in Europe. Factors associated with interest in using PrEP were assessed among women respondents to the Flash! PrEP in Europe (FPIE) survey. This community-based cross-sectional study, conducted in 12 European countries, aimed to assess PrEP knowledge and interest. “High objective risk” (HOR) was assessed using established risk criteria following EACS and CDC guidelines. Factors associated with interest in using PrEP were assessed in univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Among 678 women, 12.5% (n = 85) were considered at HOR, 46.8% (n = 317) indicated prior PrEP knowledge and 18.0% (n = 122) reported interest in using PrEP. Among women at HOR, 40.0% (n = 34) were interested in PrEP. Factors significantly associated with PrEP interest in the final multivariable model were: younger age (18–29 years) (aOR 1.91[95CI: 1.07; 3.41]), bad self-perceived financial status (1.84[1.09; 3.11]), migrant status (south to north) (2.87[1.05; 7.89]), single or dating relationship status (1.93[1.23; 3.03]), sexual abuse history (1.86[1.17; 2.97]), “rather high”/ “high” self-perceived HIV risk (3.21[1.32; 7.81]), and HOR (2.49[1.42; 4.35]). These results show that women at HOR and those who perceived themselves to be at high risk are interested in using PrEP. There is a critical need for targeted information and improved access to PrEP to increase uptake of this HIV prevention tool to meet PrEP interest among women.

scholarly journals Progress towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in two districts of Maharashtra: scenario of last five years

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev M. Chaudhary ◽  
Sanjay S. Kubde ◽  
Mohan B. Khamgaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Officer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Nagpur District ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Filaria was identified as one of the diseases to be eliminated globally and its global elimination by the year 2020 has been envisaged by World Health Organization (WHO). A large coverage- compliance gap has been found in many MDA programmes in India. Togo is the first sub-Saharan country to have stopped MDAs after prevalence data suggested that LF transmission had been interrupted. The successful Togo program demonstrates that LF elimination can be achieved in countries with limited resources. This study was undertaken to assess the situation of MDA coverage and compliance in two districts of Maharashtra.Methods: This is a community- based cross sectional study carried out in four selected clusters each in Nagpur and Bhandara districts of Maharashtra. Stratified random sampling is adopted for selection of households. In each district, 120 households are surveyed for the purpose of MDA evaluation every year. The coverage calculated in this article is programme coverage.Results: The coverage found in the year 2011 in Nagpur district was 63%, after which it was consistently rising every year. Similarly in Bhandara district, the coverage found was 70% in the year 2010, after which there was a rise every year. But the actual consumption rate was far less when compared to the coverage reported by the drug distributor, or the medical officer (more than 90% compliance is reported every year). Commonest reason for not consuming the drug was fear of side effects of the drug, which they must have experienced in the previous years activity, or seen other persons having side effects.Conclusions: Gradual increase in compliance of drug consumption over the period of five years in both the districts shows good progress towards the path of elimination. 

scholarly journals Community’s misconception about COVID-19 and its associated factors in Satkhira, Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257410
Author(s):  
Md. Bakebillah ◽  
Md. Arif Billah ◽  
Befikadu L. Wubishet ◽  
Md. Nuruzzaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction Misconception related to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have been spread out broadly and the the World Health Organization declared these as a major challenge to fight against the pandemic. This study aimed to assess COVID-19 related misconception among rural people in Bangladesh and associated socio-demographic and media related factors. Methods Multistage sampling method was used to collect data (n = 210) from three unions of Satkhira District, Bangladesh. The dependent variable was the presence of COVID-19 related misconception (Yes, No) which was generated based on respondents’ responses to a set of six questions on various types of misconception. Exposure variables were respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, mass media and social media exposure. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the respondents. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the factors associated with COVID-19 misconception. Results More than half of the study respondents had one or more COVID-19 related misconception. Over 50% of the total respondents considered this disease as a punishment from God. Besides, many of the respondents reported that they do not think the virus causing COVID-19 is dangerous (59%) and it is a disease (19%). Around 7% reported they believe the virus is the part of a virus war (7.2%). The bivariate analysis found the presence of socio-demographic factors of the respondents, as well as the factors related to social and mass media, were significantly associated with the COVID-19’s misconception. However, once all factors considered together in the multivariate model, misconception were found to be lower among secondary (AOR, 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13–0.84) and tertiary (AOR, 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09–0.92) educated respondents compared to the respondents with primary education. Conclusion This study obtained a very higher percentage of misconception about the COVID-19 among the respondents of Satkhira district in Bangladesh. This could be a potential challenge to fight against this pandemic which is now ongoing. Prioritizing mass and social media to disseminate evidence-based information as well as educate people about this disease are necessary.

scholarly journals Correlates of Hypertension among Persons with HIV at Livingstone Central Hospital: CHAP study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sody Mweetwa Munsaka ◽  
Annet Kirabo ◽  
Benson M. Hamooya ◽  
Musalula Sinkala ◽  
John R. Koethe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background: Persons with HIV (PWH) are more likely to develop hypertension and cardiovascular disease than the HIV-negative population. The new hypertension guidelines by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) lowered the definition of hypertension from a systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) of ≥140/90mmHg to ≥130/80, respectively. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in PWH using the new hypertension diagnostic criteria.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. We recruited 226 antiretroviral treated PWH attending routine visits. Socio-demographic, health, and clinical data including BP readings were collected. Interviewer-structured questionnaires adapted from the World Health Organization Stepwise approach to Surveillance (WHO STEPs) and the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to collect data. Statistical evaluations were employed to elucidate relationships between hypertension and all response variables.Results: The prevalence of hypertension using the old and new guidelines was 16% and 42%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with increased and reduced odds for developing hypertension after adjustments in multivariate logistic regression were age, body mass index (BMI), employment status, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and table salt consumption, respectively (p<0.05 for all). Using the new AHA/ACC criteria for hypertension shifted the prevalence from 16% (old criteria) to 42%.Conclusion: The major risk factors associated with hypertension in PWH were increasing age, BMI and FBS. We recommend inclusion of FBS in routine measurements in PWH. The AHA/ACC new guidelines should be re-enforced in low-cost settings to increase the treatment of hypertension among PWH.

scholarly journals Post-Cesarean Section Maternal Health Outcome and its Determinants in Tigray Regional State, North Ethiopia.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mebrahtu Abay ◽  
Welay Gebremariam ◽  
Mirkuzie Woldie Kurie ◽  
Haileselassie Berhane ◽  
Abraham Mengstu
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Outcome ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Referral Status

Abstract Back ground Cesarean section rate is increasing worldwide. However, the World Health Organization has declared that there is insufficient information on maternal outcome following cesarean section for decision making.Objective The aim of this study was to assess post cesarean section maternal outcome and its associated factors availing evidence for practice and policy.Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 357 mothers who underwent cesarean section in six selected public general hospitals of Tigray regional State, Ethiopia. Mothers were followed for the duration of post-operative period until they became safe for discharge. The maternal outcomes were categorized into either adverse or good outcomes depending on whether mothers develop any cesarean section related morbidity or not. Logistic regression model was constructed to determine the AOR and 95% CI of independent factors associated with maternal outcome following cesarean section.Results The proportion of adverse maternal outcome was 19.3% with 95% CI of (15.7% -23.8%). Route of anesthesia administration (AOR = 0.296, 95% CI: 0.126 - 0.695) and referral status (AOR = 0.371, 95%CI: 0.214 - 0.641) were statistically significant factors associated with maternal outcome following cesarean section.Conclusion There was high proportion of adverse maternal outcome. General anesthesia and referral from lower health facilities were associated with higher risk of post-CS adverse maternal outcome. Equipping lower level health facilities with the human and material capacity for timely detection of CS indications and provision of cesarean section services could decrease the number of referrals and subsequent delays that lead to adverse maternal outcome.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors in an urban area of West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3443
Author(s):  
Rajib Sikder ◽  
Dipankar Mukherjee ◽  
Ujjwal Pattanayak ◽  
Kunal Kanti Majumdar ◽  
Subha Sankha Kundu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Vaccine hesitancy is delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability of vaccine services. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and factors associated and contributing to vaccine hesitancy for childhood vaccinations in Rajpur-Sonarpur municipalty of south 24 parganas, India.Methods: A cross‑sectional study was done among 352 children aged 0-59 months. Hesitancy to all childhood vaccination including the birth doses were observed. By simple random sampling ward no 8 was selected among the 37 wards of Rajpur-Sonarpur municipalty. All the vaccination center of ward no 8 on various vaccination days were covered from July 2019- December 2019. Data were collected at these vaccination centers by interviewing parents /associates of the children. Validated version of vaccine hesitancy survey questionnaire by the World Health Organization was used.Results: Vaccine hesitancy was present among 103 (29%) parents/relatives /associates of children. Delay was more common for measles and the booster doses of other vaccines. Reluctance to vaccinate was the most common reason (26.2%) for vaccine hesitancy. About 15(15.4%) parents reported to be unaware or confused of when to vaccinate their children. Improper counselling by health care givers, illness or irritability of the child were other causes.Conclusions: To avoid delay in vaccination weekly vaccination days were recommended. Community level campaigning and home visit of those eligible children to generate awareness about vaccination and to avoid reluctance in parents/associates of children were suggested.

scholarly journals Trachoma prevention practice among mothers with child age of under-9 years and factors associated in rural district of Oromia Region, Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-257
Author(s):  
Tadesse Abera ◽  
Wendimagegn Tilahun ◽  
Imiru Waqjira
Keyword(s):  
Household Wealth ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Preventive Practice ◽  
Study District

Background: Worldwide, 2.2 million people are visually impaired, and nearly 1.2 million people are irreversibly blind because of Trachoma. Women and girls are particularly vulnerable to infection, as they are often the primary caregivers of children, and children are the greatest source of infection with Trachoma. As prevention option to Trachoma, World Health Organization recommends Facial cleanliness (F), Environmental Improvement (E), Antibiotics (A) and Surgery (S), which abbreviated as “SAFE”. Though research findings show that Trachoma found in communities with poor hygiene and unimproved environmental condition of a community, there is a research gap talking about the root cause for poor hygiene and unimproved environment related to Trachoma occurrence. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess Trachoma preventive practice among mothers and factors associated in the study area. Method and Materials: Community based cross-sectional study design with interview questions was used from Dec 06-26/2017. The study was done on 845 mothers sampled using two stages stratified sampling technique followed by systematic random sampling from 10 Kebeles. To identify association between independent and dependent variables, multiple logistic regressions was applied using SPSS version 20 data analysis software. AOR with 95% CI at a p-of 0.05 was used to ascertain the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: Based on the study result, households with overall good Trachoma preventive practice were found to be 412 (51.5%). Residence (AOR= 1.8; p-0.01), household wealth (AOR= 1.8; p-0.01), mother trachoma preventive knowledge (AOR= 1.6; p-0.02) water getting frequency (AOR, = 0.6; p-0.01) and time taken to water point (AOR= 0.3; p-0.01) were factors significantly and independently associated to good preventive practice at p-0.05 in the study District. Conclusion: The overall Trachoma preventive practice of the study district was 51.5%. Improving HH wealth status, mother’s capacity building, special attention to urban sanitation and improving water supply status are recommended factors to improve the overall level of Trachoma preventive practice of study population to protect children of age under 9 years.

Breastmilk Substitutes Marketing Violations and Associated Factors in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 089033442097840
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Couto de Oliveira ◽  
Cristiano Siqueira Boccolini ◽  
Enilce de Oliveira Fonseca Sally
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Department Stores ◽  
Chain Store ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Health Organization

Background Aiming to protect breastfeeding, the World Health Organization released the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in 1981, which was adopted by the vast majority of the 118 member countries, including Brazil. The Brazilian Code regulates the marketing of infant formulas, baby bottles, teats, pacifiers, milk, and processed complementary food. Research aims (1) To determine if retail stores had violated the Brazilian Code and (2) to analyze factors associated with these violations. Methods This cross-sectional study included all drugstores, supermarkets, and department stores in the Southern Zone of Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil. Trained health professionals observed retail stores for marketed products and violations of the Brazilian Code and then interviewed their managers. Factors associated with the retail stores violating the Brazilian Code (outcome) were analyzed, employing a logistic regression model with 95% Confidence Interval. Results Of the retail stores ( N = 349) evaluated, 62.8% violated the Brazilian Code, ranging from 1 to 37 violations per retail store. The most common promotion strategies were price discounts and special displays. Retail stores being part of a chain store (aOR = 4.59) and their manager receiving visits from industry business representatives (aOR = 2.14) were associated with the presence of violations. Conclusions The prevalence of Brazilian Code violations was high, especially in chain stores. The association between regular visits by industry representatives and violations suggests an indirect influence of manufacturers on the promotion of human milk substitutes. We recommend strengthening compliance with the Brazilian Code through calling on governmental surveillance agencies and civil society mobilization.

Demographic Factors Associated with Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination: An Online Survey-Based Study from Hyderabad Sindh

BioSight ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Tayyaba Kazi ◽  
Talha Arain ◽  
Saima Naz Shaikh ◽  
Ayaz Ali Samo ◽  
Nimra Masood Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Health Organization

Background: COVID19 is a major threat to global health. World health organization has proposed use of vaccines against COVID19 to end the pandemic. Due to low literacy rate in many developing countries and disinformation, the population is reluctant for COVID19 vaccination. To explore the demographic factors associated with acceptance of COVID19 vaccination, we set up an online cross-sectional study. Methods: The online survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted to understand the demographic factors of residents of Hyderabad city associated with vaccine acceptance. The questionnaire was divided into sections to get sociodemographic characters and other information related with willingness of vaccination. This questionnaire was sent to 300 people from which 205 people participated. Results: The result showed that 28.8% of the participants were not sure to get vaccination of COVID-19, while 41.5% participants were willing to get vaccine if available; rest of the people (29.8%) were not willing be vaccinated at all. The main reason behind this denial was due to belief on conspiracies against COVID-19 vaccine. Many participants either denied (42%) for any disinformation or were not sure (12%) on this account. Conclusion: The study was based on demographic factors of residents of Hyderabad associated with acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. Among the studied population only 41.5% showed willingness to get vaccinated which indicate the necessity to effectively educate the population about COVID-19 vaccines.

scholarly journals Assessment of Bottle-Feeding Practices in Kassala, Eastern Sudan: A Community-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Hassan ◽  
Zainab Taha ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdulla ◽  
AbdelAziem A. Ali ◽  
Ishag Adam
Keyword(s):  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Eastern Sudan

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization encourages exclusive breastfeeding up to six months and avoidance of bottle-feeding. There are few published research articles on the practice of bottle-feeding and associated factors in Sudan. AIM: The study aimed to assess the usage and factors associated with bottle-feeding practices during the first six months of life among mothers with children aged between 6 and 24 months in Kassala, Eastern Sudan. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2017. A structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant data from interviewed mothers. RESULTS: A total of 242 mother-child pairs participated in the study. The mean (standard deviation) of maternal age and children’s age was 27.13 (5.73) years and 12.2 (6.7) months, respectively. From the total, 96/242 (39.7%) used bottle-feeding for their children in the first six months of life. In multivariable analysis, urban residence (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.96, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] (1.06, 3.63), not receiving breastfeeding education (AOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.07, 3.45) and child hospitalization (AOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.02, 3.28) were significantly associated with bottle-feeding. CONCLUSION: There was a high usage of bottle-feeding and it was found to be associated with child hospitalisation. To avoid bottle-feeding, urgent actions are required to support and educate mothers regarding breastfeeding with special attention to urban-residence ones.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol use among pregnant adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Uchôa Portela Veloso ◽  
Claudete Ferreira de Souza Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pregnant Adolescents ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Organization

AIM: to identify alcohol use and the associated factors in pregnant adolescents of the municipality of Teresina-PI. METHOD: this is cross-sectional study with 256 pregnant adolescents whose data were obtained through questionnaires covering socioeconomic, pregnancy and alcohol consumption characteristics and through the application of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, an instrument developed by the World Health Organization for screening for the excessive use of alcohol. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and odds ratio. RESULTS: the study indicates a prevalence of 32.4% for alcohol use during pregnancy in adolescents. Of these, 36.1% had scores consistent with risky use. The factors associated with an increased risk of alcohol use during pregnancy are: not having a partner, living on less than 1 minimum wage, not being religious, performing up to 3 prenatal consultations, having suffered violence and alcohol use in previous pregnancies. CONCLUSION: a high prevalence of alcohol consumption by pregnant adolescents and various risk factors involved in this process were identified. These data reflect the need for the use, by nurses, of screening technologies for alcohol consumption during pregnancy and health promotion strategies among groups of adolescents.

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