scholarly journals Proses Peruraian Anaerobik Palm Oil Mill Effluent dengan Media Zeolit Termodifikasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Melly Mellyanawaty ◽  
Firda Mahira Alfiata Chusna ◽  
Estin Nofiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Modified Zeolite ◽  
The Media ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

A B S T R A C TThis work evaluated the effect of modified zeolite as microbial immobilization medium in anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME). The affinity of microorganisms to attach and grow on the media surface could be increased by the addition of micro-nutrient into the media. The effect of micro-nutrient addition was studied in 1000 mL Erlenmeyer flask as batch reactors. Experiments were conducted for 30 days. The concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) in substrate was 8000 mg/L. Zeolite was impregnated with nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) at individual concentration of 2.7x10-3 mg Ni/g zeolite and 3.5x10‑3 mg Zn/g zeolite. The influence of each modified zeolite was determined by periodic measurement of sCOD, volatile fatty acid (VFA), pH, and biogas production. Cumulative biogas productions in this study were 252.44; 172.13; 57.70 ml from Ni-modified, Zn-modified and natural zeolites, respectively. The highest sCOD removal was obtained in reactor with Zn-modified zeolite with 38.22% removal, followed by 33.96% with Ni-modified zeolite, and 27.87% removal with natural zeolite.Keywords: anaerobic digestion; biogas; methane; palm oil mill effluent; zeoliteA B S T R A KPenelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh zeolit yang dimodifikasi sebagai media imobilisasi mikroorganisme pada proses anaerobik limbah palm oil mill effluent (POME). Afinitas mikroorganisme untuk melekat dan tumbuh di permukaan dapat meningkat dengan impregnasi mikronutrien pada media. Efek penambahan mikronutrien dipelajari dengan labu Erlenmeyer 1000 mL sebagai reaktor batch. Experimen dijalankan selama 30 hari. Konsentrasi soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) substrat yang digunakan adalah 8000 mg/L. Zeolit terimpregnasi Ni dan Zn yang digunakan memiliki kadar 2,7 x10-3 mg Ni/g zeolit dan 3,5x10-3 mg Zn/g zeolit. Pengaruh setiap zeolit yang dimodifikasi dievaluasi dengan mengukur konsentrasi sCOD, volatile fatty acid (VFA), pH, dan produksi biogas secara periodik. Akumulasi biogas penelitian ini sebesar 252,44; 172,13; 57,70 ml berturut-turut untuk zeolit modifikasi Ni, zeolit modifikasi Zn dan zeolit alam. Penurunan sCOD terbaik dihasilkan oleh zeolit termodifikasi Zn dengan nilai 38,22%, selanjutnya diikuti oleh zeolit termodifikasi Ni dan zeolit alam dengan nilai 33,96% dan 27,87%.Kata kunci: anaerobic digestion; biogas; metana; palm oil mill effluent; zeolit

scholarly journals Pengaruh Laju Alir Terhadap COD, BOD dan VFA pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (LCPKS) dalam Bioreaktor Anaerobik

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Elvania Br. Pandia ◽  
Hernawati Hernawati ◽  
Theresia Jari ◽  
Abdul Kahar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Limbah cair kelapa sawit atau Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) merupakan bahan yang dapat digunakan untuk memproduksi biogas menggunakan reaktor anaerobik. Dalam limbah cair kelapa sawit terdapat beberapa komponen penyusun yaitu Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), dan Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA). Perubahan terhadap kandungan dalam limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LCPKS) dipengaruhi oleh laju alir yang terjadi dalam bioreaktor anaerobik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan variasi laju alir yaitu Q1 ambient 0 L/hari, Q2 6 L/hari, Q3 24 L/hari untuk mengetahui laju alir optimal dalam pengolahan LCPKS pada bioreaktor anaerobik. Pengamatan dilakukan secara rutin dan resirkulasi sampel POME dilakukan selama ± 6 jam/hari. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh laju alir terhadap perubahan kadar COD, BOD, dan VFA yang terkandung dalam LCPKS dengan menggunakan bioreaktor anaerobik. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah laju alir optimal dalam penurunan kadar COD, BOD, dan VFA dalam LCPKS yaitu sebesar 24 L/menit, dimana semakin besar laju alir yang diberikan maka kadar penurunan COD dan BOD yang terkandung dalam limbah cair kelapa sawit akan semakin besar, hal tersebut juga berlaku pada pembentukan VFA pada limbah cair, hal ini disebabkan karena penambahan variasi laju alir dapat mempengaruhi proses degradasi bahan-bahan organik dalam limbah cair kelapa sawit. Kata Kunci : POME, laju alir, bioreaktor anaerobik, biogas, LCPKS.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Produksi Biogas dari Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) dengan Fluidisasi Media Zeolit Termodifikasi pada Sistem Batch

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firda Mahira Alfiata Chusna ◽  
Melly Mellyanawaty ◽  
Estin Nofiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

The production of crude palm oil (CPO) in Indonesia tends to increase over time. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the wastewater generated from the palm oil mill process with high organic content. POME is a potential source for anaerobic digestion due to its high organic content. The challenge of POME treatment using an anaerobic process is to enhance biogas production with high soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal efficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of selected trace elements addition onto zeolite as immobilization media to the anaerobic digestion of POME in a fluidized batch system. Natural zeolite was used as the medium to immobilize microorganisms in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). This study used three trace elements impregnated to natural zeolites, i.e. Ni2+, Zn2+, Mg2+. The result shows that Ni2+ and Zn2+ improve the methanogenesis process, prevent the accumulation of VFA as an intermediate product and increase the methane (biogas) production. Meanwhile, Mg2+ only reduced sCOD significantly but it did not affect methane production. Fluidization enhanced the performance of the POME anaerobic digestion process. The fluidization provide a positive effect to enhance biogas production and sCOD removal. The efficiency of sCOD removal in the entire reactors were 80.82%; 81.77%; 75.89% for AFBR-Ni; AFBR-Zn and AFBR-control respectively. The total volume of methane produced by the three AFBR were 163,04; 136,42; 62,79 (in ml CH4 / g sCOD) for AFBR-Ni; AFBR-Zn and AFBR-control, respectively. A B S T R A KProduksi crude palm oil (CPO) di Indonesia cenderung meningkat seiring bertambahnya waktu. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) adalah air limbah yang dihasilkan dari proses penggilingan kelapa sawit dengan kandungan organik yang tinggi. Tantangan dalam mengolah POME menggunakan proses peruraian anaerobik adalah untuk meningkatkan produksi biogas dengan efisiensi penurunan soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan trace element terseleksi pada media imobilisasi zeolit terhadap proses peruraian anaerobik limbah POME dengan sistem batch terfluidisasi. Zeolit alam berperan sebagai media imobilisasi mikroorganisme dalam anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga trace element yang diimpregnasikan pada zeolit alam yaitu Ni2+, Zn2+, Mg2+. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ni2+ dan Zn2+ sebagai trace element dapat meningkatkan proses metanogenesis dan mencegah akumulasi VFA sebagai produk antara serta meningkatkan produksi gas metana (biogas). Mg2+ sebagai trace element menurunkan sCOD dengan cukup signifikan namun tidak diimbangi dengan banyaknya metana yang dihasilkan. Fluidisasi meningkatkan performa dari proses peruraian anaerobik POME. Proses fluidisasi memberi pengaruh positif dalam meningkatkan produksi biogas dan soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal. Nilai sCOD removal yaitu 80,82%; 81,77%; 75,89% berturut-turut untuk AFBR-Ni; AFBR-Zn dan AFBR-kontrol. Total volume metana yang dihasilkan oleh ketiga AFBR yaitu 163,04; 136,42; 62,79 (dalam ml CH4 / g sCOD) berturut-turut untuk AFBR-Ni; AFBR-Zn dan AFBR-kontrol.

scholarly journals Performance of Anaerobic Digestion of Acidified Palm Oil Mill Effluent under Various Organic Loading Rates and Temperatures

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2432
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Fikri Hamzah ◽  
Peer Mohamed Abdul ◽  
Safa Senan Mahmod ◽  
Azratul Madihah Azahar ◽  
Jamaliah Md. Jahim
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

This study compared the performance of thermophilic and mesophilic digesters of an anaerobic digestion system from palm oil mill effluent (POME), in which temperature is a key parameter that can greatly affect the performance of anaerobic digestion. The digesters were incubated at two distinct temperatures of 55 and 37 °C, and operated with varying organic loading rates (OLRs) of 2.4, 3.2, and 4.0 g COD/L.d by altering the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of acidified POME during feeding. The results indicated that the performance of anaerobic digestion increased as the OLR increased from 2.4 to 4.0 g COD/L.d. At the OLR of 4.0 g COD/L.d, the thermophilic condition showed the highest methane yield of 0.31 ± 0.01 L/g COD, accompanied by the highest COD removal and volatile solid reduction, which were found to be higher than the mesophilic condition. Microbial community analysis via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealed that Methanothermobacter sp. emerges as the dominant microbe, which is known to utilize the carbon dioxide pathway with hydrogen acting as an electron donor for methane formation

Anaerobic degradation of palm oil mill effluent with aluminum bauxite residue for methane production

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2092312
Author(s):  
Anwar Ahmad ◽  
Salam S AlDawey ◽  
SS Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Bauxite Residue ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Experimental study of the anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) was carried out in an anaerobic upflow sludge blanket reactor (UASBR) with bauxite residue. The production rate of methane 114 L/gCOD/d and CH4 concentration was 205 L gCOD/d at 8.5 g/L of bauxite residue in UASBR. The results showed that the highest methane yield was 37.5 L gCODadded/h; CO2 reduction 1.5 L gCODadded and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal reached 98.3% at 8.5 g/L of bauxite residue, respectively. The results the best by the modified kinetic model and Umax was 100 mg/L. The kinetic of methane production was also studied. The methane yield coefficient, YM, was 0.69 L CH4/gCODremoved. Anaerobic digestion of acetate was the dominant soluble metabolites in development and specific methanogenic activity results showed that high observed between stoichiometric and experimental higher methane production.

scholarly journals Investigation of Temperature Effect on Start-Up Operation from Anaerobic Digestion of Acidified Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Fikri Hamzah ◽  
Jamaliah Md Jahim ◽  
Peer Mohamed Abdul ◽  
Ahmad Jaril Asis
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Mesophilic Temperature

Malaysia is one of the largest palm oil producers worldwide and its most abundant waste, palm oil mill effluent (POME), can be used as a feedstock to produce methane. Anaerobic digestion is ideal for treating POME in methane production due to its tolerance to high-strength chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this work, we compared the culture conditions during the start-up of anaerobic digestion of acidified POME between thermophilic (55 °C) and mesophilic (37 °C) temperatures. The pH of the digester was maintained throughout the experiment at 7.30 ± 0.2 in a working volume of 1000 mL. This study revealed that the thermophilic temperature stabilized faster on the 44th day compared to the 52nd day for the mesophilic temperature. Furthermore, the thermophilic temperature indicated higher biogas production at 0.60 L- CH 4 /L·d compared to the mesophilic temperature at 0.26 L- CH 4 /L·d. Results from this study were consistent with the COD removal of thermophilic temperature which was also higher than the mesophilic temperature.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Temperatur Terhadap COD, BOD dan VFA pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (LCPKS) dalam Bioreaktor Anaerobik

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Yulius Sitama Lewar ◽  
Herawati Herawati ◽  
Abdul Kahar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Limbah cair industri kelapa sawit yang paling utama adalah palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME dapatmerusak ekosistem perairan dan mengkontaminasi rantai makanan jika dibuang langsung ke saluranpembuangan tanpa diolah terlebih dahulu. Dalam limbah cair kelapa sawit terdapat beberapa komponenpenyusun diantaranya adalah Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), danVolatile Fatty Acid (VFA) yang dapat digunakan untuk memproduksi biogas dalam suatu reaktor anaerobik.Perubahan terhadap kandungan yang terkandung dalam limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LCPKS) tersebutakan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah temperatur. Pada penelitian ini Temperatur yangdigunakan adalah temperatur ambient yaitu mengikuti temperatur lingkungan, temperatur 35˚C dantemperatur 45˚C, peningkatan temperatur bertujuan untuk mempercepat laju perombakan, sehinggamenghasilkan gas lebih optimal dan proses perombakan yang lebih efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini untukmengetahui pengaruh Temperatur terhadap perubahan kadar COD, BOD, dan VFA yang terkandung dalamlimbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LCPKS). Adapun persentase removal BOD, COD yaitu sebesar 83,96 %,84,02% dan untuk VFA tertinggi terdapat pada temperatur 35˚C yaitu sebesar 9.912,45.Kata Kunci : POME, temperatur, bioreaktor anaerobik, biogas

Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Supernatants Using Aerobic Attached–Growth System: Trickling Filter as a Case Study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah ◽  
Mohamad Hakimi Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd. Omar Ab. Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Kertas kerja ini membincangkan tentang kecekapan penuras cucur dalam merawat supernatan kumbahan kilang kelapa sawit (POME). Supernatan POME diperoleh menerusi dua jenis perawatan. Dalam perawatan 1, pengendapan graviti digunakan untuk menyingkir pepejal boleh mendak. Perawatan 2 digunakan untuk menyingkir pepejal boleh mendak dan gumpalan partikal dengan menggunakan 350 ppm alum. Influen dialurkan secara titisan pada biojisim yang terlekat pada penyokong pepejal rawak PVC setinggi 1 m. Penuras cucur berupaya menyingkir lebih daripada 90.0% dari keperluan oksigen biologi (BOD) dan keperluan oksigen kimia (COD) di bawah 1 m3/m2–hari. Pada 2.53 m3/m2–hari, influen dengan Perawatan 1 menghasilkan kecekapan penyingkiran COD sebanyak 40.3%, berbanding 83.1% bila Perawatan 2 digunakan. Perkara ini berlaku berikutan penyingkiran bahan organik tak boleh resap semasa Perawatan 2. Kecekapan penyingkiran menurun dengan meningkatnya bebanan hidraulik kerana wujudnya kelemahan dalam hidrolisis bahan tak boleh resap kepada substratum larut. Dengan edaran semula (α=1), penyingkiran BOD dan COD yang lebih tinggi dicapai di bawah 7 m3/m2–hari. Pencapaian ini disebabkan oleh bebanan organik yang lebih rendah serta pergedaran semula enzim dan biojisim yang aktif kepada sistem. Perawatan 2 menghasilkan enap cemar yang lebih tinggi kerana penukaran substratum boleh larut kepada biojisim tak boleh larut. Hidrolisis bahan organik tak boleh resap didapati berlaku secara aktif pada bahagian atas penuras cucur sementara bahagian bawahnya cenderung mengoksidakan substratum organik. Kata kunci: POME, turas cucur, bahan organik bolehresap, penggumpalan, alir semula This paper discusses the efficiency of a trickling filter to treat Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) supernatants. POME supernatants were obtained via two treatments. In Treatment 1, gravity sedimentation was used to remove settleable solids. In Treatment 2, both settleable solids and colloidal particles were removed using 350 ppm of alum. The influents were allowed to trickle over biomass attached to 1 m high random PVC solid support. Below 1 m3/m2–day, the filter demonstrated Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiencies of more than 90.0%. At 2.53 m3/m2–day, the influent with Treatment 1 gave a COD removal efficiency of 40.3%, but increased to 83.1% when the influent with Treatment 2 was used. This was ascribed to the removal of non–diffusible organics during Treatment 2. The removal efficiencies decreased with an increase in hydraulic loading due to limitations in the hydrolysis of non–diffusibles into soluble substrates. With recirculation (α=1), higher BOD and COD removals were achieved below 7.0 m3/m2–day, attributed to lower organic loading and the recycling of active enzyme and biomass to the system. The influent with Treatment 2 demonstrated higher sludge production due to higher conversion of soluble substrates into insoluble biomass. Hydrolysis of non–diffusible organics mainly took place at upper reaches of the filter column while lower reaches were involved in oxidizing the organic subtrates. Key words: POME, trickling filter, diffusible organic, coagulation, recirculation

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Vetiver System Technology for Improving the Quality of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negisa Darajeh ◽  
Azni Idris ◽  
Paul Truong ◽  
Astimar Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rosenani Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
System Technology ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Control Sets ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil mill effluent (POME), a pollutant produced by the palm oil industry, was treated by the Vetiver system technology (VST). This technology was applied for the first time to treat POME in order to decrease biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this study, two different concentrations of POME (low and high) were treated with Vetiver plants for 2 weeks. The results showed that Vetiver was able to reduce the BOD up to 90% in low concentration POME and 60% in high concentration POME, while control sets (without plant) only was able to reduce 15% of BOD. The COD reduction was 94% in low concentration POME and 39% in high concentration POME, while control just shows reduction of 12%. Morphologically, maximum root and shoot lengths were 70 cm, the number of tillers and leaves was 344 and 86, and biomass production was 4.1 kg m−2. These results showed that VST was effective in reducing BOD and COD in POME. The treatment in low concentration was superior to the high concentration. Furthermore, biomass of plant can be considered as a promising raw material for biofuel production while high amount of biomass was generated in low concentration of POME.

Effect of Different Mediators on Bio-Energy Generation and Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment in an Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cell-Adsorption System

2021 ◽  
Vol 411 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Ivy Ai Wei Tan ◽  
J.R. Selvanathan ◽  
M.O. Abdullah ◽  
N. Abdul Wahab ◽  
D. Kanakaraju
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Air Cathode ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) discharged without treatment into watercourses can pollute the water source. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has gained high attention as a green technology of converting organic wastewater into bio-energy. As an approach to overcome the limitations of the existing POME treatment methods, air-cathode MFC-Adsorption system is introduced as an innovative technology to treat POME and generate bio-electricity simultaneously. However, the use of conventional MFC with proton exchange membrane in large scale applications is restricted by the high cost and low power generation. Addition of mediator in MFC is essential in order to increase the electron transfer efficiency, hence enhancing the system performance. This study therefore aims to investigate the effect of different type of mediators i.e. congo red (CR), crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) on the performance of an affordable air-cathode MFC-Adsorption system made from earthen pot with POME as the substrate. The addition of different mediators altered the pH of the MFC-Adsorption system, in which more alkaline system showed better performance. The voltage generated in the system with CR, CV and MB mediator was 120.58 mV, 168.63 mV and 189.25 mV whereas the current generated was 2.41 mA, 3.37 mA and 3.79 mA, respectively. The power density of 290.79 mW/m3, 568.72 mW/m3 and 716.31 mW/m3 was produced in the MFC-Adsorption system with CR, CV and MB mediator, respectively. The highest POME treatment efficiency was achieved in MFC-Adsorption system with MB mediator, which resulted in biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, turbidity and ammoniacal nitrogen removal of 75.3%, 84.8%, 91.5%, 86.1% and 23.31%, respectively. Overall, the air-cathode MFC-Adsorption system with addition of MB mediator was feasible for POME treatment and simultaneous bio-energy generation.

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